In Shang Dynasty, Zhou tribe, the ancestor of Zhou people who lived in Jinghe and Weihe river basins and was still in the clan tribe stage, improved farming and opened up the earliest agriculture in China. Before the destruction of the Shang Dynasty, it defeated Xirong, mixed with other nationalities, and expanded its territory to Mi.
During this period, there were Qiang, * *, Mi and other tribes in Gansu. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the ancestors of Qin people settled in the eastern part of the province, that is, Tianshui area, and began a slow transition from nomadic economy to agricultural economy, while nomadic life still dominated.
In the Qin Dynasty, in 688 BC, the State of Qin established Yunxian (south of Tianshui Maiji District) and Jixian (now Gangu County) in the conquered Luanrong and Ji Rong areas, which were the earliest two counties in the history of China.
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, when Xixia ruled Hexi, there was a Gansu military sub-division (in Ganzhou, now Ganzhou District of Zhangye City), which was the earliest name of Gansu.
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Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, Gansu has become a channel for cultural exchanges and trade between China and the West. Zhang Sai's voyages to the West in the Han Dynasty and Xuan Ji's Buddhist scriptures in the Tang Dynasty all passed through Gansu, leaving a precious cultural heritage.
China has great artistic treasures, such as the charred Mogao Grottoes, the Maiji Mountain in Tianshui and the Bingling Temple Grottoes in Yongjing. Gansu painted pottery is a practical and beautiful handicraft produced in the Neolithic Age in China, which is famous for its long history and richness.
Labuleng Temple, located in Xiahe County, Gannan, is one of the six ancestors of Gelug Sect of Lamaism in China. Kongtong Mountain, located in the western suburb of Pingliang, is one of the cradles of Taoism in China. The bronze galloping horse of the Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed in Wuwei has also caused a sensation at home and abroad.
Han bamboo slips and mural tombs in Wei and Jin Dynasties unearthed in Gansu are also very precious historical relics. Gansu is located at the intersection of China Loess Plateau, Inner Mongolia Plateau and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The terrain is complex, and the altitude is mostly above 1000 meters.
The loess plateau with deep soil layer is in the east, Qilian Mountain and Gannan alpine grassland in the southwest, Hexi Corridor with fertile soil in the west, Alashan Plateau in the north and Sha 'ao in Badain Jilin. The Yellow River, the second largest river in China, flows through Gansu.
This is extremely beneficial to the development of agricultural production. Gansu's climate belongs to temperate monsoon climate, which has obvious characteristics of transition to continental climate. There is a lack of rain in the whole province, and the temperature difference is large. Winter is long and cold, summer is short and warm, and spring and autumn are fleeting.
The average temperature in the coldest January rises from northwest to southeast, from MINUS 14 degrees Celsius to above zero; The average temperature in the hottest July rose from 16 degrees Celsius to 26 degrees Celsius, from Qilian Mountain to Bailong River Basin.
The average annual rainfall is between 30 mm and 600 mm, decreasing from southeast to northwest. The northwest is sunny, but it is windy and dusty in spring. There is heavy rain and hail in the southeast in summer. Gansu has a vast territory and significant regional differences.
It provides favorable conditions for developing diversified management of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and by-fishing. There are more than 20 varieties of food crops, such as wheat, corn, millet, sorghum, soybean, broad bean, highland barley and millet. Lanzhou is rich in fruits and hookahs.
Hequma and Oula sheep are produced in Gannan alpine grassland and are famous for their excellent varieties throughout the country. Gansu is also rich in wildlife resources, and the province produces the world's precious wildlife such as giant panda, golden monkey and pronghorn.
There are also rare animals such as sika deer and musk deer, as well as rare animals such as snow leopard, snow chicken, sand chicken, white-lipped deer and wild camel. There are more than 300 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines in Longnan mountain area of Gansu Province, which is a natural treasure house of Chinese herbal medicines. The output and quality of Angelica sinensis in Gansu ranks first in the country.
Baidu encyclopedia-Gansu