1688 The "Glorious Revolution" established the British constitutional monarchy, and Britain took the lead in completing the industrial revolution, and its national strength grew rapidly. The territory ruled by the British Empire from18th century to the beginning of 20th century spanned the whole world. For the most powerful country at that time.
After the two world wars broke out, they both won, but their national strength was seriously damaged. By the time the British Empire disintegrated in the second half of the 20th century, Britain had lost its leading position in international affairs. The superpower status was replaced by the United States and the Soviet Union.
However, Britain is still a powerful economic, cultural, military and scientific power with great influence in the world. Britain is also a member of the European Union, a founding member of NATO, a member of the Group of Eight, and one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, and has veto power over Security Council resolutions.
London, the capital of Europe, is one of the largest cities in the world. Courage, politeness and responsibility constitute the connotation of the British spirit.
English name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
English name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Abbreviations: United Kingdom, United Kingdom (UK)
Mainland: Europe
Capital: London
Major cities: Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham
National anthem: "God save the Queen"
Country code: GBR
Official language: English
Currency: GBP
Time zone: UTC+0 (daylight saving time: UTC+ 1)
Political system: parliamentary monarchy
National leaders: Queen Elizabeth II, Prime Minister David Cameron.
Population: 62.262 million (estimated in 20 10)
Population density: 255.6 people/km2 (20 10 year)
Main ethnic groups: English, Scots, Irish.
Main religion: Anglican Church
Land area: 244,820 square kilometers
Gross GDP: 2.434 trillion US dollars (20 12) international exchange rate.
Per capita GDP: USD 385,965,438+0 (2065,438+02) international exchange rate.
International telephone area code: +44
International domain abbreviation:. Britain.
Road traffic: drive on the left.
National motto: God exists and I have rights.
National flower/bird: rose/red-breasted bird
Legal system: Anglo-American legal system
Climate: temperate maritime climate
Human development index: 0.863 (very high, 20 1 1 year)
catalogue
general situation
geography
division into districts
history
Government system
military affairs
diplomacy
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general situation
geography
division into districts
history
Government system
military affairs
diplomacy
launch
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general situation
Country name
(UK) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Commonwealth flag
Northern Ireland), also known as Britain, the British Empire, is a United Kingdom composed of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The main body is England, so it is customarily called Britain (Britain was originally the abbreviation of the Kingdom of England). The British Isles refer to England, Scotland and Wales. Because Northern Ireland is located in Ireland, many other islands are too small to be included.
The British Empire refers to a great empire composed of the British mainland, its dominions, colonies, dependencies, trusts and protectorates. It is the largest country in history and the largest colonial empire in the world. The empire reached its peak in the early19th century, with a population of about 400 million to 500 million, accounting for a quarter of the world population at that time. The territory is about 33.67 million square kilometers, accounting for a quarter of the world's total land area.
After the Kingdom of Spain in16th century, the empire was called "the empire that never sets". The formation of the British Empire was caused by more than 300 years of trade, immigration and conscription.
London
Therefore, there were peaceful commercial and diplomatic activities during this period. After decolonization in the 20th century, their overseas territories gradually became independent, and most of them formed a peace organization-Commonwealth with Britain after independence. The Commonwealth currently has 53 member countries.
The main organizations are: Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in the Asia-Pacific Region, Federal Finance Ministers Meeting and other ministerial professional meetings. The Commonwealth Secretariat was established in 1965, and its responsibility is to promote Commonwealth cooperation and plan Commonwealth meetings at all levels. The secretariat is located in London. The head of the Commonwealth is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the head of 16 Commonwealth countries, including Britain. These 65,438+06 countries constitute the modern version of the main confederation.
national flag
The British flag is a horizontal rectangle with an aspect ratio of 2: 1. It is called the "M-flag" with a dark blue background.
British flag [1]
The color consists of red and white "meters". The red cross with a white border in the national flag represents St George, the patron saint of England, St Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland and St Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. This flag is produced by 180 1 It consists of ten red flags on a white background in England, a white cross flag on a blue background in Scotland and a red cross flag on a white background in Northern Ireland, which form a "meter". However, the flag of Wales was not included in the British flag. Wales has a green and white half bottom and a red fire dragon.
national emblem
british national emblem
The national emblem of Britain is the symbol of the king. The central pattern is a coat of arms, with three golden lions on a red background in the upper left corner and lower right corner of the shield, symbolizing England; There is a red lion standing on the golden bottom in the upper right corner, symbolizing Scotland; In the lower left corner is a golden harp with a blue background, symbolizing Northern Ireland. On both sides of the coat of arms are a lion wearing a crown representing England and a unicorn representing Scotland. There is a motto written in French around the coat of arms, which means "evil is rewarded with evil, and evil with evil"; There is a guardian medal hanging at the bottom, and the ribbon says "God has God, I have rights". At the top of the coat of arms is a gold and silver helmet inlaid with jewels, an imperial crown and a crowned lion.
national anthem
God save the queen usually only sings the first paragraph. If the incumbent is a male monarch, the national anthem will be changed to "God Save the King". God Save the Queen is the national anthem and royal ode of the Commonwealth countries. The lyricist is anonymous, and the composer is Henry Kerry.
National stone
diamond
national flower
rose
Rose (4)
capital
London, the capital and largest port of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is also the largest port in Europe.
City, the world's top international metropolis, one of the most prosperous cities in the world, London has always been the largest financial center city in Europe, and together with new york, it is the largest financial center in the world. The most important economic center in the world and the largest economic center in Europe.
language
Britain has no official language in name, but in fact English is the main language. There are other official languages outside England, such as Welsh (accounting for 26% of the Welsh population) and Scottish Gaelic (spoken by 60,000 people). Immigrants from all over the world also speak their mother tongues, such as Bengali, Chinese, Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu. Britain has the largest number of Hindi speakers outside India.
In the past, with the expansion of the British Empire, English spread to almost every corner of the world. It is the most common language in the world, and there are many English dialects. English has become a universal language.
race
Of the British population, 68.5% are British whites, 16.47% are whites from other regions, 5.3% are South Asians, 6.00% are blacks, and 2.60% are ethnic minorities [20 13]. The ratio of male to female is 0.98: 1.
Human population
According to the latest statistics, the population of Britain is about 62.4 million, and one third of them live in the southeast of England (the capital London has 7.2 million).
religion
Most residents believe in Protestantism, which is mainly divided into the Church of England (also known as the Anglican Church, whose members account for about 60% of British adults) and church of scotland (also known as the Presbyterian Church, with 590,000 adults). In addition, there are Catholic churches and larger religious groups, such as Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism and Buddhism.
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geography
nature
Britain is located in Europe and consists of the British Isles (including England, Scotland and Wales) and
The scenery of London (2 1 photo) consists of Northern Ireland in the northeast of Ireland Island and 5,500 surrounding islands (overseas territories). Geographical location: 50 ~ 58 degrees north latitude, 2 degrees east longitude and 7 degrees west longitude, with a temperate maritime climate. Britain is located in the British Isles in the northwest of continental Europe, surrounded by the North Sea, the English Channel, celtic sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
river
Severn River is the longest river in Britain, with a total length of 338 kilometers. It originates in the middle of Wales, flows through the midwest of England and flows into the Bristol Channel. Thames is the second longest river and the most important river in Britain, with a total length of 336 kilometers.
climate
It has a mild maritime climate. Britain is controlled by the prevailing west wind, which is mild and humid all year round, with little change in the four seasons. Temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt usually
Roman ancient bath
The maximum temperature is not more than 32℃, the minimum temperature is not less than-10℃, and the average temperature 10 is 65438+4 ~ 7℃ in October and 13 ~ 17℃ in July. The average annual precipitation is about 1000 mm. The annual precipitation in the northern and western mountainous areas exceeds 2000 mm, and that in the central and eastern areas is less than 800 mm. February to March is the driest, and 10 to 1 month is the wettest. The northwest of England is a hilly plateau and the southeast is a plain. Thames is the largest river in China. Britain is influenced by the west wind and the ocean all the year round, and the climate is mild and humid all year round, which is suitable for plant growth.
resources
The main mineral resources in Britain are coal, iron, oil and natural gas. The total reserve of hard coal is170 billion tons. The reserves of iron are about 3.8 billion tons. There are tin mines in Cornwall Peninsula in the southwest. There are many stone salts in Cheshire and Durham. Staffordshire has good clay. White clay is produced in Cornwall Peninsula. Dolomite can be mined in the east slope of pennines. The timely mine is located near Hill Hildry in the southwest of Lancashire. The oil reserves on the continental shelf of Britain's North Sea are about10 ~ 4 billion tons. Natural gas reserves are about 860-2,585 billion cubic meters.
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division into districts
administrative division
Britain actually consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. England is divided into 43 counties. Scotland has 32 districts, including 3 special administrative regions. There are 22 districts in Wales. Northern Ireland consists of 26 districts. The parliaments of Scotland and Wales and their administrative bodies are fully responsible for local affairs, while the central government still controls foreign affairs, national defense, overall economic and monetary policies, employment policies and social security.