At the beginning of 1860, there were more than 4 million men, women and children, and one out of every seven people in the United States was a slave. For the benefit of plantation owners, slaves in southern plantations are often abused and overworked. Due to the productivity improvement brought by cotton gin, the demand for slaves is still great. Due to the increase in demand, the number of slaves has increased dramatically. Although the number of slaves in the south far exceeds that of slave owners, this imbalance is caused by poor working conditions and poor living environment. Slaves are often beaten and neglected, often infected with dysentery, worms and other diseases caused by unsanitary living conditions, and thus die. In some cases, slaves are occasionally respected by their owners, but in most cases, they are ignored and treated severely.
The south is worried that slavery will be abolished in the north, while the north is worried that slavery will spread westward to the newly established States. Soon, anti-slavery leaders became active and loud. John brown, who holds the view of militarism and abolitionism, launched a small-scale rebellion in Harpers town. He was quickly tried and hanged for treason. Although he failed all his life, his success lies in that his dying career triggered new riots and violence against slavery. Other supporters of Brown picked up the torch and lit the fire of national division.
In the mid-19th century, the American government adopted an active plan to industrialize the country and created many government-funded projects. Although the intention is good, it has brought many new problems to the government. These programs often infringe on the rights of the state where the programs are located. Therefore, this new industrialization was quickly rejected by those who opposed the new federalization. Understandably, this program can be interpreted as a very bad program. If it expands unchecked, it may lead to a powerful dictatorship and limit any democratic intervention.
Therefore, there are many reasons for the division of this country, but the most important one is slavery and state rights, so a country is divided and a war for the union begins.
Before the war, 1 1 states seceded from the Union and established the American Confederacy:
Alabama
Arkansas
Florida
Georgia
Louisiana
Mississippi River
North Carolina (NC)
South Carolina (SC)
Tennessee
Texas
As a result, slavery in Virginia actually ended in the United States in the spring of 1865, and the Confederate army surrendered. The emancipation proclamation stipulated that slaves in the Confederate-controlled areas were free, and all slaves in the Confederate-controlled areas were free. Slaves in the border states and the federally controlled southern regions were freed through state actions or the 13th Amendment (1February 6th, 1865). The comprehensive restoration of the Federation is a highly controversial reconstruction work after the war. The war caused about 1 030,000 casualties (3% of the total population), including about 620,000 soldiers killed-three-thirds of two dead died of disease. The number of deaths in the United States caused by this war is about equal to the total number of deaths in other wars in the United States. The cause of this war, the cause of its result, and even the name of the war itself are still controversial topics. About 4 million black slaves were set free in 186 1-65. According to 1860 census data, 8% of all white men aged 13 to 43 died in the war, including 6% in the north and 18% in the south. [158] One of the reasons for the high number of combat deaths during the war was the use of Napoleon's tactics, such as charging. With the advent of more accurate rif led barrels, miniéball and (for the Union Army at the end of the war) repeating rifles, such as Spencer's repeating rifles and some experimental Gatling machine guns, soldiers will be badly hit when queuing in the open air. This led to trench warfare, which was a tactic widely used during World War I. In addition to its superior naval strength, quantity, industrial and financial resources, the victory of the North was partly attributed to Lincoln's statesmanship. He became a seasoned war leader in 1864, and was attributed to the general bravery of Union soldiers and the increasing skills of their officers. This victory can also be partly attributed to the failure of Confederate transportation, materials and political leadership. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War