Descendants of Song Weizi. China was a famous thinker, politician, strategist, social activist and natural scientist during the Warring States Period.
Mohist background
Most of the ink-makers come from the lower classes of society, with the educational aim of "promoting the benefits of the world and eliminating the harm of the world", "the hole mat is not warm, and the ink is not sudden", especially hard training, "short brown clothes, soup from the dustpan, you will get it in the evening" and "stick to your heels, benefit the world, and do it" (Mencius). "Wearing brown fur and sandals, working day and night, taking self-suffering as the extreme", living in poverty. The writer can "go to the soup and jump the blade, never look back when he dies", which means never look back until he dies. Debate between Mohists is called "Mohist debate"; Martial arts practitioners are called "Moxia". Mohism must obey the leadership of the giant, and his discipline is strict. According to legend, "Mohist law, the murderer dies and the injured person is punished" ("Lv Chunqiu"). For example, the son of the giant's belly killed someone. Although he was forgiven by King Hui of Qin, he still insisted on the "Mohist method" of "the murderer died". The man who killed his son in the womb ① There was a tycoon who lived in the State of Qin ②, and his son was killed. King Hui of Qin (4) said, "Although you are old, you must have a son. I have ordered my officials to punish him. I don't know anything about it, sir. " Huang Xiang said: "The Mohist law says,' Whoever kills will be punished if he is hurt.' So it is forbidden to kill. For the world, it is of great significance to prohibit people from killing. Although the king gave it and ordered officials to punish it, the belly "Huang Xiang" had to obey the law of ink. "Don't Wang Hui, and then kill it. Here, what others do is private; Endure its private (5), its righteousness, tycoon can be described as public. —— Selected from Lu Chunqiu Qu Si Note 1: Mohist refers to Mohist. (2) Great wealth: Mohists call people who have made achievements in Mohism "great wealth". ③ Abdomen: name. ④ King Hui of Qin: the monarch of Qin during the Warring States Period. 5 Private: preferred. There was a famous Mohist in Qin called Dantian, and his son killed someone. Qin said to him, "Wang is old and has no son. I have ordered officials not to kill him. " Mr. Wang will listen to me in this matter. "Abdominal Answer": "Mohist laws and regulations stipulate:' The murderer must be put to death, and the injured person must be punished. "This is used to prohibit killing and wounding, and it is a just cause on earth. Although the king took charge of this matter and asked the officials not to kill him, I had to abide by the laws and regulations of Mohism. " He killed his son without Qin's consent. Son, is the preference of people; Intentionally cut off your preference and carry on the righteousness to the end. Huang Xiang is selfless. Center: The author praises a great selfless spirit. According to Mohist regulations, Mohists who are sent to various countries as officials must implement Mohist political ideas; I'd rather resign when I can't. In addition, an official Mohist should donate his salary to the group so as to "share the wealth". Leaders should lead by example. Mohism is a school with leaders, doctrines and organizations, and they have a strong spirit of social practice. Mohism bears hardships and stands hard work, is strict with self-discipline, and takes upholding justice and morality as its first duty. Most of the writers are knowledgeable workers. The early Mohism had a great influence in the early Warring States period, and it was also called Yang Zhu School. Its social ethics takes universal love as the core, advocates "the two are easy to change" and opposes the social hierarchy concept emphasized by Confucianism. It puts forward "mutual love and mutual benefit" and regards Shang Xian, Shang Tong, frugality and funeral as the way to govern the country. He also opposed the annexation war at that time and put forward the idea of self-destruction. It advocates non-destiny, ambition and knowing ghosts. On the one hand, it denies the destiny, while at the same time acknowledging the existence of ghosts and gods. In the early stage, Mohism put forward a cognitive method based on experience, which advocated "seeing what you hear" and "taking the facts and naming them". Three tables are put forward as a method to test the correctness of understanding. The late Mohism merged into two branches: one focused on the study of epistemology, logic, geometry, geometrical optics, statics and other disciplines, which was called "post-Mohism" (also known as "post-Mohism"), and the other was transformed into a ranger in Qin and Han Dynasties. The former inherited the early Mohist social ethics and made great achievements in epistemology and logic. The late Mohist school not only affirmed the role of sensory experience in cognition, but also acknowledged the role of rational thinking in cognition, which overcame the empiricism tendency of the early Mohist school. It also clearly defines the basic categories of ancient logic, such as reason, reason and category, distinguishes three concepts, such as "da", "category" and "private", and studies the forms of judgment and reasoning, which occupies an important position in the history of ancient logic in China. After the Warring States period, Mohism has declined. In the Western Han Dynasty, Mohism basically disappeared after the Western Han Dynasty, due to the policy of Emperor Wu's exclusive respect for Confucianism, the change of social mentality and the hard training, strict rules and noble thoughts that Mohism itself was not accessible to everyone. An important school appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The book Mozi was compiled by Mozi's disciples while giving lectures. The style of writing is unpretentious and lacks literariness, but it is logical. It is good at reasoning with concrete examples, which has greatly developed the reasoning writing and played an important role in the development of later argumentative writing. The founder is a famous thinker Mozi (Mo Zhai [Emperor Yin Di]). Mo Zhai advocated "universal love", "non-aggression" and "Shang Xian", which was sharply opposed to the Confucian viewpoint. Modi
Representative figure
Mozi was a famous thinker in ancient China. The surname is inexplicable. The year of birth and death is unknown, probably within 479- 38 1 year. China was a thinker and politician in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. He put forward the views of "universal love" and "mutual non-aggression", founded the Mohist school theory, and a copy of Mozi was handed down from generation to generation. Mohism had a great influence at that time. Mencius said, "Yang Zhu's words are all over the world. If the words in the world are not attributed to Yang, they will be attributed to Mo." It can be seen that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Yang Zhixue and Mohism are in the same strain, and they are both outstanding. According to legend, my ancestral home was in the Song Dynasty, and later I lived in Shandong for a long time. I studied Confucianism, but because I was dissatisfied with the complexity of etiquette, I set up a new theory and called my disciples to give lectures, which became the main opposition of Confucianism. It is said that the king of Chu originally intended to attack the Song Dynasty, but Mozi tried to persuade him, and the simulated attack and defense won as if he had lost the battle, so the king of Chu had to retreat. See Mozi's thoughts and opinions.
Promote the benefits of the world and eliminate the harm of the world. Carry forward the benefits of the world and eliminate all evils. Fraternity Love all people in the world, regardless of rank, distance or intimacy. Do not attack and oppose the war of aggression and safeguard human peace. Shang Xian translators recommend, select and use people with both ability and political integrity, regardless of grade. Shang Tong. The government's decrees, thoughts, words and actions should conform to the will of the holy king. Save money. Mozi
Oppose extravagance and waste and advocate thrift. Festival burial opposes thick burial and long mourning, and advocates thin burial and short mourning. Unhappy. Oppose extravagant music activities and advocate saving people, money and materials. Bad luck. Oppose the theory of destiny and advocate strong engagement. Tianzhi Tiandao is the supreme teacher with will, and the will of Tiandao is to promote benefits and eliminate pests. Ming ghost. Distinguishing the existence of ghosts and gods can promote good and punish evil. Love each other and benefit each other. Love yourself and others, and communication with others is mutually beneficial.