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Myanmar is an ancient civilization with a long history. After the unification of 1044, it experienced three feudal dynasties: Bagan, Wu Dong and Gongbang. Britain launched three wars of aggression against Myanmar from 1824 to 1885, and occupied Myanmar. 1886, Britain designated Myanmar as a province of British India. 1937 Myanmar broke away from British India and was directly ruled by the British Governor. 1942 Japanese troops occupied Myanmar. 1945 national uprising, the recovery of Myanmar. After Britain regained control of Myanmar. Britain was forced to declare Myanmar independence act. 1948 0 1.04 Myanmar declared its independence from the Commonwealth and established the Union of Myanmar. 1974 065438+ 10 was renamed the Socialist Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and 1988 was renamed the Union of Myanmar on September 23rd.
Thailand has a history and culture of more than 700 years, formerly known as Siam. In 1238, the Sukhothai dynasty was established and a relatively unified country began to form. It experienced Sukhothai Dynasty, Dacheng Dynasty, Wuli Dynasty and Bangkok Dynasty. Thailand was called Siam in ancient times. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Prime Minister Chen was defeated and occupied the city. Later, he left Siam and died in Siam. The Yuan Dynasty was a powerful country and determined to develop outward. Southeast Asian countries have paid tribute to the Yuan Dynasty, and Phuket, Thailand (19) is no exception. Since16th century, it has been invaded by colonialists such as Portugal, Holland, Britain and France. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, King V of Bangkok dynasty absorbed a lot of western experience to carry out social reform. 1896, Britain and France signed a treaty stipulating that Siam is the buffer state between British Burma and French Indian zhina, thus making Siam the only non-colonial country in Southeast Asia. 1June, 932, the People's Party staged a coup and established a constitutional monarchy. 1938, Yun Piwen came to power,1June 939, renamed Thailand, meaning "King of Thailand". 194 1 was occupied by Japan, and Thailand announced to join the Axis.
Vietnam has a long history. Archaeological sites can prove that traces of human life have been found on Vietnamese land in ancient times 400 thousand years ago. Archaeologists have discovered Paleolithic sites in Vietnam (300,000 years ago), Mesolithic sites (1000 years ago) represented by Dushan culture (named after Dushan site first discovered in Qinghua province) and Shanwei culture (named after Shanwei culture first discovered in Fushou province) and Heping culture (named after Shanwei culture first discovered in Heping province in the 1920s). The Neolithic remains are 5000 years ago, and Beishan culture was first discovered in Beishan site of Langshan Province. According to the website. Archaeologists have concluded that humans learned to raise livestock and grow rice in the Stone Age.
According to myths and legends, Vietnam's first country, Wenlang State (later renamed Luoou State), was founded in the Bronze Age, represented by Dongshan culture (named after the site of Dongshan Village in Qinghua Province), and the most famous unearthed cultural relic is the bronze drum. According to legend, Wenlang Kingdom has existed for several decades, forming the Wang Xiong era when Wang Xiong was in power for 18 generations. In the 3rd century BC, the State of Qin conquered Baiyue. Since then, northern Vietnam has been ruled by China feudal dynasty for more than ten centuries.
During the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang sent troops to conquer Lingnan, and northern Vietnam was placed under the jurisdiction of Xiang County. In 203 BC, Zhao Tuo, the prefect of Nanhai County (Zhengding, Hebei Province) established Nanyue State in Lingnan, with its capital in Nanhai (now Guangzhou). At this time, the historical picture of northern Vietnam is the rule of South Vietnam. In BC 1 1 1 year, the Western Han Dynasty destroyed South Vietnam and set up nine counties in its territory, including Jiaotoe County. Since then, Vietnam has been under the direct rule of China for more than 1 182 years, and "Jiaotoe" has become the country name of Vietnam. Since then, a large number of China people have moved to Vietnam in the form of garrison and reclamation. Jiaozhou (Panyu, now Guangzhou) was established in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and northern Vietnam belonged to it. In 226, Soochow divided Jiaozhou into Guangzhou and Jiaozhou. Jiaozhou Ruling Dragon (now east of Hanoi) governs northern Vietnam, Leizhou Peninsula and Qinzhou, China.
In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty unified China, handed over the country to the Jin Dynasty, and then attached to the Southern Dynasty. In 542 AD, Li Ben, a native of Longxing (now Taiping Province), revolted. In 544, the founding name was "Wan Chun", that is, the former dynasty Li. The following year, China Liang dynasty suppressed it. In 62 1 year, the General Administration of Jiaozhou was established in Vietnam in the Tang Dynasty. 65 1 year, renamed Annan Governor's Office (now Hanoi). From then on, "Jiaozhou" was officially called Annan. In 866, it was changed to Jinghai as our ambassador (governing present-day Hanoi). From then on, Jiaotoe became one of the separatist regions in the late Tang Dynasty and embarked on the road of separatist regime.
Feudal period
10 century, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, there was a rebellion. In 938, Nan Han sent troops to attack, and Wu Quan repelled them, and became king the following year. From then on, Vietnam began to break away from the rule of China. In 968, the Ding Dynasty of Vietnam was established. Annan finally established a photo artist of Vietnamese history, but he has always been a vassal state of China. 10 10 moved the capital to Shenglong (now Hanoi) to establish a centralized feudal country. From 1407 to 1428, Ming Chengzu took advantage of the civil strife in Vietnam to send troops to occupy Vietnam, and set up a propaganda and deployment department in Shenglong to directly rule. The main dynasties in Vietnam are Li Chao (1010-1225), Chen Chao (1225-1400) and Li Chao (1428-/kloc-).
/kloc-In the late 20th century, France colonized Vietnam, and the Qing Dynasty sent troops to resist. 1885, the Qing government signed the Sino-French New Testament with France and was forced to recognize Vietnam's independence. From then on, Viet Nam became completely independent from the territory of China and became a French colony. In the face of people's sufferings, the patriotic young Nguyen (Chairman Ho Chi Minh, 1890- 1969) left the motherland on June 5 to seek ways to save the country overseas. He went to France, Britain, the United States and French colonial countries in Africa and accepted Marxism-Leninism. Ruan came to a truth: to liberate the whole nation and make the motherland independent, we must carry out a revolutionary liberation movement; To carry out the revolutionary liberation movement, we must have the leadership of revolutionary theory and new revolutionary organizations.
1February 3, 930, Nguyen held a meeting in China, Hong Kong and Kowloon to establish the Vietnam * * * Production Party. The revolutionary goal put forward in the party's political program is to overthrow French imperialism and feudal groups and make the motherland completely independent. Under the leadership of Vietnamese communist party, the Vietnamese people set off a revolutionary climax against the Japanese aggressors, and finally won.
After 1945, after a long and arduous struggle, the Vietnamese people won the "August Revolution" in August of 1945 around the end of World War II. On September 2, the Viet Cong (later the Workers' Party of Vietnam) led by Ho Chi Minh declared independence in Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh issued the Declaration of Independence and announced the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). In September of the same year, France invaded Vietnam again, and the Vietnamese people waged another nine-year anti-French war.
1On September 23rd, 945, the French colonial army made a comeback with the British allies. Occupy Saigon. On September 26th, President Ho Chi Minh sent a letter calling on compatriots in the south to rise up against Japan and called on the whole country to support the south. China and Viet Nam established diplomatic relations in 1950 65438+ 10/8, but they never recovered from the civil war. China, which was in serious economic difficulties, began to provide hundreds of billions of RMB and millions of tons of materials to Vietnam for free. After the Vietnam War broke out, it gave a lot of materials to Vietnam for free, and sent a large number of scientific and technological personnel to help Vietnam develop its industry and support the Vietnam War, which finally forced the United States to sign an armistice agreement. China has been selling mineral products to Viet Nam at extremely low prices.
On the afternoon of March 1954, the Battle of Dien Bien Phu started. On May 7th, the battle ended in a glorious victory at the Dean House, destroying the enemy's stronghold. After the victory of Dien in Vietnam, France was forced to sign an agreement to restore peace in zhina. The northern part of Vietnam was liberated, and the southern part was still ruled by France (the South Vietnamese regime supported by the United States was later established). 1July 2, 9541day, signed the Geneva agreement on the Indo-zhina issue, ending the wars in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. According to the Geneva agreement, Vietnam is divided into north and south with the north latitude 17 degrees as the boundary. North Vietnam was led by Ho Chi Minh and South Vietnam was ruled by Emperor Baoda.
1July 1955 17, the United States tore up the Geneva agreement, replaced France's position in southern Vietnam, and established the so-called Republic of Vietnam. He launched a coup, deposed Emperor Dabao and became president himself. Since then, southern Vietnam has become a colony of American neo-colonialism. 196 1 year, the Vietnam war broke out, and the United States joined Korea, the Philippines, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand and other countries in this war. 1973 65438+1After the Paris Agreement was signed on October 27th, the United States recognized the international legal status of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and withdrew from the Vietnam War. In March of the same year, all troops, allied forces and military personnel were withdrawn from southern Vietnam. 1In May, 975, southern Vietnam was completely liberated, and the war to resist the United States and save the nation won an all-round victory. 1July, 976, the north and south of Vietnam were unified, and the country name was the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.