Different schools have different views on capitalism.
The difference between the two schools of Marxism is that communism insists that the proletariat replaces capitalism through violence and establishes proletarian dictatorship; Implement public ownership and planned economy, and implement distribution according to work. Social democracy revised Marx's thought of replacing capitalism with violence, and advocated tolerating capitalist market economy, gaining political power through the struggle between parliament and capitalism, making up for the defects of capitalism, gradually realizing socialism, and realizing everyone's free development, common prosperity and social justice. For a long time, social democracy has admitted that it is Marxism, while communism does not admit that social democracy is Marxism.
The essence of planned economy is to organize the whole society into a unified factory, and the government allocates various resources through planning. This requires the homogenization of social interests, that is, there is only a single interest subject in society, and the government can grasp all the information of society. Incentive and information cost are the key factors to determine the efficiency of planned economy. The advantage of the planned economy is that it can concentrate on doing great things, and it can use the administrative means of the government to mobilize the resources of the whole society for the purposes designated by the state.
-The core of social democracy is: taking things as the foundation in the economic field, implementing the capitalist market economy and pursuing the maximization of social wealth; People-oriented in the social field, promoting socialist public services, and pursuing social equity and common prosperity; In the political field, on the basis of harmony, it advocates legal struggle and compromise with the bourgeoisie through parliament and coordination of contradictions between different classes through social contracts. From the perspective of human development, the wisdom and courage of social democracy lies in its concentration of the advantages of two opposing ideas of capitalism and socialism. As long as the market economy is not a market society, the two systems complement each other. It is the third road besides the capitalist market economy and the socialist planned economy.
-After the death of Marx and Engels, especially after the First World War, two major schools of Marxism entered the world economic and political arena: communism and * * * seized political power in some countries, especially those with relatively backward economies, established socialist countries, established public ownership and planned economy, and formed the Oriental Group, which competed with "capitalism" (in fact, later social democracy). Social Democratic Party and Social Democratic Party In some European and American countries, mainly economically developed countries, dozens of Social Democratic Parties have seized power one after another, which we call Social Democratic Party countries.
-After World War II, social democratic countries made rapid progress in economic development and social progress, and gradually became developed countries at present. Despite the reform and adjustment in 1980s and 1990s, the essence of its social democracy has not changed fundamentally.
-Socialist countries are mostly countries with underdeveloped economies and poor products. In the early stage of economic development or economic recovery, when resources are not too scarce and there is a lot of extensive development space, in the emergency period of war (such as the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union) or the war mobilization period threatened by war, the centralized resources of planned economy have greater advantages than the capitalist market economy in meeting the basic needs of private products, restoring the original economic base, and meeting the needs of war and combat readiness. This is proved by the fact that socialist countries generally developed faster than capitalist and social democratic countries in the initial stage of planned economy. The most commendable thing is that the problem of fairness in socialist countries has been generally solved well, and some countries in Eastern Europe are still countries with relatively small income gap in the world.
However, with the development of economy, especially after getting rid of the overall shortage, problems such as waste of planned economy resources, insufficient incentives, decline in efficiency and slow technological progress have been exposed. In 1950s, various socialist countries began to explore the reform of planned economy. In the 1980s, the reform of socialist countries took substantial steps. Generally accept the capitalist market economy. From the establishment of the first Soviet regime in 19 17 to the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1989, the socialist planned economy has completed its 70-year life course, completed its historical mission and entered the museum of human civilization.
Looking back, it has been proved that the socialist planned economy is relatively successful in the social field and the distribution of public goods, but in the economic field, it is not as successful as the capitalist market economy in organizing the production of private products, and it is also unsustainable. The success of social democratic countries cannot be completely explained by capitalist market economy. If capitalism before Marx did not accept social democracy, the demise of capitalism would have happened long ago. Capitalism has frozen and not died out, because socialism has been grafted, and the grafting of socialism and capitalism has saved capitalism and realized socialism. It is social democracy that makes socialism move from fantasy to practice and succeed. This confirms the Marxist principle that socialism is based on developed capitalism.
Capitalism died from the moment it accepted social democracy. Social democracy is a mixture of capitalism and socialism. Social democracy absorbs the essence of capitalism and socialism, which is most beneficial to human development, and is a brand-new social system.
From the moment of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the socialist planned economy completed the historical task of conducting social experiments within the scope of billions of people and withdrew from the historical stage. History has proved that the planned economy designed by Marx does not conform to the law of economic development. However, the unsuccessful planned economy designed by Marx does not mean that Marxism is unsuccessful.
-Social democracy can find the respective advantages of capitalism and socialism from the perspective of all mankind and successfully graft them. This is the rational choice of human beings. Bernstein of the German Social Democratic Party has made great contributions here. After Engels' death, as the executor of Engels' will, Bernstein revised Marxism in an all-round way with extraordinary wisdom and courage and put forward the idea of social democracy. Social democracy has been widely recognized in the world, and the participation and governance of the Social Democratic Party in various countries in the world has made socialism grow into capitalism and develop on the basis of capitalism.
-Bernstein gave birth to capitalism and is its savior. The bourgeoisie should thank him. Bernstein turned Marxism into reality, and the socialist factors in contemporary society expanded in one day, which really benefited the middle and lower classes, and the proletariat and the middle class also thanked him. Bernstein is the second great Marxist after Marx and a wise man worthy of respect from people all over the world. Of course, the end of the planned economy, affirming Bernstein, does not damage the historical position of Lenin and Mao Zedong as great Marxists.