First, human factors are completely "man-made disasters", mainly including:
1, the threat of large public or private projects.
2. The danger of disappearance caused by the rapid development plan of cities or tourism.
3. Damage caused by land use change or ownership change.
4. Throw it away at will.
5. The outbreak or threat of armed conflict.
Two, natural factors caused by force majeure, mostly "natural disasters", mainly including:
1 decays with age. This is the result of the joint influence of natural factors and human factors.
2. Disasters and disasters, such as fires, earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, water level changes, floods and tsunamis.
3. Major changes caused by unknown reasons.
Extended data:
Ways to protect the world cultural heritage
1. Continue the history and inherit the culture.
The significance and value of world cultural heritage are mainly reflected in its unique creativity and typical expression of culture in a specific historical period. Therefore, maintaining authenticity and integrity are two basic elements. These two principles should be adhered to in the protection of heritage sites and the restoration of cultural relics to prevent over-exploitation and the tendency of "repairing the old as new".
2, clear management subject, speed up the legislation of heritage protection.
The newly revised Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics is an important legal basis for the protection of world cultural heritage at present, and it must be resolutely implemented. Beijing promulgated the Measures for the Protection and Management of the Great Wall, which greatly promoted the protection of the Great Wall in the legal system construction. The special legislation of other heritage sites should also speed up the pace, so that the protection of heritage can really be based on laws.
3. Rational development and moderate utilization.
It has become the consensus of more and more countries to emphasize the protection, social welfare and inheritance of historical and cultural heritage. In this regard, we should "connect with the world" as soon as possible, resolutely reverse the wrong tendency of defining the nature of world heritage as "tourism resources", and we should not turn heritage protection sites into economic development zones. We should limit the number of visitors every day and update the old management concepts such as "simply pursuing ticket income".
The relevant departments of the municipal government and districts and counties should take Scientific Outlook on Development as a guide, broaden their horizons, make bold decisions, gradually reform the system and mechanism, change the economic operation mode of the differential subsidy of public welfare management units, and fully allocate the protection funds by the government to fundamentally solve the contradiction between long-term protection and immediate use.
4. Strengthen research and expand publicity and education.
The protection of world heritage is a mass cause, so it is necessary to expand publicity and actively mobilize and attract more people to participate. We should attach importance to and give play to the irreplaceable role of volunteers and non-governmental organizations in heritage protection; Give full play to the advantages of the capital, integrate the central and local scientific research forces, carry out heritage protection and even global research, and organize the compilation and publication of a number of monographs with high theoretical value; Strengthen the education of young people and raise awareness of protecting and cherishing the cultural heritage of the motherland.
5. Prepare for applying for reserve projects.
While preventing the deviation of "attaching importance to protection but neglecting protection", it is necessary to do a good job in the preparation for the application of new projects, and "promoting protection by declaration and promoting the application for heritage by protection" to make the preparation for the application more solid and orderly.