How many emperors were there in the Qin Dynasty?

San huang, the first Ying Zheng, the second Hu Hai and the third Ziying.

Qin Shihuang, whose name is (259 ~ 2 BC10), is a native of Zhao, also known as the son of Xiang Wang in Qinzhuang (another word is Yes). After the death of King Zhuang Xiang, he succeeded to Qin, destroyed six countries and unified China. He was called the first emperor and the founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty. After 25 years in office, he ascended the throne in 12 and died at the age of 49. Buried in Yili (now 25 miles northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province).

In 246 BC, Ying Zheng, who was only 13 years old, succeeded to the throne of Qin, which was handed over to the Prime Minister and Empress Xuan. In 238 BC, he took advantage of the opportunity of going out to mobilize troops to rebel. He crushed the rebellion in one fell swoop, killed the virus and imprisoned the queen mother. The following year, Lv Buwei was dismissed from his post, and then he was forced to kill Lv Buwei, while Liao Wei and Li Si were appointed.

In 238 BC (the ninth year of the reign of King Qin), at the age of 22, Qin Shihuang held an adult coronation ceremony in his ancient capital Yongcheng, and officially ascended the throne. He "pro-government", get rid of Lu and Mao, and reuse Li Si. Ying Zheng has inherited a series of policies of reform, innovation and rewarding farming wars since Qin Xiaogong. Then, Ying Zheng adopted the strategy of Reese and others, bribed the ministers of the six Kanto countries with huge sums of money, alienated the monarch and his subjects, made friends, and rose up to attack them. During the period of 10 from 230 BC to 2265438 BC, six countries, namely, Korea, Wei, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Qi, perished one after another, putting an end to the scuffle of separatist regimes that lasted for hundreds of years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Xianyang is its capital.

After Ying Zheng unified the world, he created the title of "Emperor", called himself the first emperor, announced that his descendants would be called II, III and even eternity, and imagined that the rule of the Qin Dynasty would continue from generation to generation. All government affairs of the country are decided by the emperor, and important officials of the central and local governments are appointed and removed by the emperor. The central government implements the system of three public officials and nine ministers. Subsequently, Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system since Shang and Zhou dynasties and implemented the county system. On the basis of the original laws and decrees of Qin, he absorbed some provisions of the laws of the six countries and formulated and promulgated unified laws. The nobles before the Six Kingdoms were moved to Guanzhong and Bashu to prevent their separatist activities.

Economically, the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce was implemented to foster the development of feudal private ownership of land. In the thirty-first year of the first emperor (2 16 BC), landlords and yeomen who occupied land were ordered to declare the amount of land to the government and pay taxes. Their land ownership was recognized and protected by the government, and the national weights and measures system was unified with the weights and measures formulated by Shang Yang as the standard. In order to develop the national land and water transportation, Qin's "half Liang" money was used as the currency, and "cars on the same track" was implemented, and the chidao from Xianyang to Yanqi and the straight road from Xianyang to Jiuyuan (now Baotou West, Inner Mongolia) via Yunyang. Wuchi Road was built in the southwest, and a canal was dug to connect Xiangjiang River and Lijiang River.

In terms of cultural thought, based on the popular characters of Qin State, Biography was formulated and promulgated throughout the country. In 2 13 BC, in order to control his thoughts, Ying Zheng accepted Reese's suggestion and ordered books on Qin history, medicine, divination and tree planting to be burned. Private schools are forbidden. In the second year, alchemists Lu Sheng and Hou Sheng talked about Qin Shihuang's greed and arbitrary punishment behind his back. After learning about Ying Zheng, people were sent to hunt him down. Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng fled in great anger and killed all the more than 460 Confucian scholars involved in Xianyang. These two things are called "burning books to bury Confucianism" in history, which stifled thoughts and seriously damaged culture.

In 2 14 BC, Ying Zheng sent troops to Nanyue, adding four counties: Minzhong, Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun (now Chongzuo County, Guangxi). In the same year, General Meng Tian was sent to attack the Xiongnu in the north, recovered the Hetao area in Inner Mongolia today, and moved to the civil construction city in the mainland. At the end of the first emperor, the number of counties in Qin increased from 36 at the beginning of reunification to more than 40, making Qin's territory reach the sea in the east, Longxi in the west, the Great Wall in the north and Xiang Jun in the south.

During the reign of Ying Zheng, the corvee was heavy and the punishment was harsh. In addition to paying two-thirds of the harvest as taxes, the people have to bear heavy corvee and military service. He recruited more than 700,000 people and built the luxurious Epang Palace and the tomb of Mount Li in the south of Weishui. He also recruited farmers to connect the original Great Wall in the northern part of Qin, Zhao and Yan, extending eastward and westward, starting from Lintao (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) in the west and building a city defense in Liaodong (now northwest of Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) in the east. This is the Great Wall of Wan Li. It is a great project in ancient China and the crystallization of the sweat and wisdom of the working people in ancient China. At that time, there were more than 654.38+0.5 million conscripts and corvees, and the number of soldiers was insufficient. Even women are taken to transport their salaries. Many people were tortured to death. In order to prevent the people from resisting, he ordered the collection and destruction of folk weapons, and also stipulated that one person should be sentenced to death and his relatives should be executed, which was called "clan punishment"; A family breaks the law and neighbors are guilty of the same crime. This is called "sitting together". People can be accused of breaking the law at any time, be sentenced to hard labor, or be beheaded, cut off their noses, executed, and criminals who are escorted to the government abound.

He was overjoyed and wasted his time. During his reign of 12 years, he made five large-scale cruises, carving stones and praising virtues along the way to show his immortal achievements. In order to live forever, alchemist Xu Fu led thousands of children and men to seek immortality in the East China Sea. It has consumed huge financial and human resources and deepened people's suffering.

As soon as the Qin Dynasty was established, class contradictions began to intensify. Due to the tyranny of Ying Zheng, a small-scale peasant uprising appeared. In 2 10 BC, Ying Zheng made his last cruise, accompanied by Prime Minister Reese, CZ (eunuch in charge of the emperor's official documents) Zhao Gao and his favorite youngest son Hu Hai. He crossed the Qiantang River and arrived in Wuzhong, Huiji County. On the way back, he fell ill in Pingyuan Jin (now southeast of Pingyuan County, Shandong Province). When I arrived at the sand dune (now Guangzong County, Hebei Province), my illness turned to safety. Knowing that he was dying, he quickly ordered Reese and Zhao Gao to draft letters and give them to his eldest son, Fu Su, urging Fu Su to rush back to Xianyang immediately to preside over the funeral. When Reese drafted the imperial edict and submitted it to Ying Zheng for review, Ying Zheng was already dead.

Fu Su was expelled from the capital by Qin Shihuang for discouraging Ying Zheng from entering Confucianism, and was sent to Meng Tian Army in Shang Jun as a supervisor. Zhao Gao has always held a grudge against the Meng Tian family. Worried that Fu Su succeeded to the throne and Meng Huo was reused, he detained the testamentary edict and conspired with Hu Hai to usurp the throne. He coerced and forced Reese to collude with them, forged a testament, accused Fu Su of not being able to make meritorious service outside, but resented his father and ordered him and Meng Tian to commit suicide. Meng Tian suspected and refused to commit suicide. Fu Su was honest and believed that the imperial edict was true, so he committed suicide and died.

Zhao Gao didn't send out obituary. He put Ying Zheng's body in the car, closed the door and drew the curtain on the car, so that officials thought that Qin Shihuang was still alive and played outside the car every day. While leading the brigade to drive the corpse truck back to Xianyang. Due to the hot weather, the body rotted and stinked. Zhao Gao sent people to kill abalone and ordered each car to be loaded with abalone, so as to confuse the smell of corpse. Then he sent out obituary and made Hu Hai emperor. Qin Shihuang is the floorboard of Ying Zheng, the first emperor in history.

Since ancient times, the evaluation of Qin Shihuang has been mixed. However, throughout Qin Shihuang's life, he has played a great role in promoting the development of China's history, and he is indeed an accomplished emperor in the history of China, and his achievements cannot be lost. Later generations called it "an emperor through the ages."

Qin Ershi's name was Hu Hai (230-207 BC). Qin Shihuang, the 26th son of Qin Shihuang and the younger brother of Prince Fu Su, died during his southern tour. With the help of Zhao Gao and Reese, Qin Shihuang killed his younger brother Fu Su and forged a testamentary edict to succeed him, becoming the second emperor of the Qin Dynasty. He reigned for three years from 2009 to 2007, and was forced to commit suicide by Zhao Gao at the age of 24. Buried in Yichun Garden, Du Nan (now the south bank of Qujiangchi in the southeast of Xi City, Shaanxi Province).

The third emperor, Prince Qin Ying (? -206 years ago)

Zi Ying, King of Qin (? -206 years ago), his last name was Won and his first name was Ziying. Unknown origin, Hu Hai committed suicide and succeeded to the throne for 47 days. He was the last ruler of the Qin Dynasty. Later, Xiang Yu was killed in Xianyang and his burial place was unknown.

Zi Ying, who was forbearing and cowardly, was succeeded by Zhao Gaoying after being killed in Hu Hai. At that time, the territory of Qin was smaller than before reunification, so Zhao's son Ying was not called the emperor, but the king, the king of Qin. Five days after Zi Ying ascended the throne, he planned to kill Zhao Gao and immediately put his family to death. "Historical Records" refers to Zhao Gao's attempt to attract the rebels to Xianyang, and promised to kill all the royal families in the Qin Dynasty. When Ziying found out, he killed him first. Liu Bangxian entered the Shanhaiguan Pass, and when he arrived at the dam, he persuaded Zi Ying to surrender and got Zi Ying's consent. In BC 10, Zi Ying tied himself up with a rope and personally took the imperial edict and the bugle to find Liu Bangjun to surrender. Zi Ying surrendered and the Qin Dynasty officially ended. Instead of executing Zi Ying, Liu Bang handed him over to the accompanying officials. In February of the same year, Xiang Yu also arrived in Guanzhong with a great army. Liu bang retreated because he was unable to fight. After Xiang Yu entered Xianyang City, he immediately killed Zi Ying and carried out a massacre. The accumulation of the Qin dynasty was burned to death.

List of monarchs in Qin State (plus monarchs who have not unified the whole country)

Qin dynasty

The monarch of the State of Qin was the monarch of the State of Qin in ancient China. Before Qin Shihuang established the Qin Dynasty, there were 37 monarchs (including Qin Shihuang) in the State of Qin since Qin Feizi, and the longest reigning one was Qin Zhaoxiang, who reigned for 56 years.

Qin was founded in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and by the time it died, the king was thirty-three generations.

Qin Feizi reigned for 34 years, from 89 1 year to 858.

From 857 BC to 848 BC, the marquis of Qin reigned 10 year.

Qin Gongbo reigned for three years from 847 to 845.

Qin Zhong reigned for 23 years from 844 BC to 822 BC.

Qin Zhuanggong reigned for 44 years from 8265438 BC to 778 BC.

Qin Xianggong ruled 12 years from 777 BC to 766 BC.

From 765 BC to 7 16 BC, Qin Wengong ruled for 50 years.

Qin Jinggong (also known as Zhu Gong, the eldest son of Qin Wengong, a native of Qin in China during the Spring and Autumn Period) was appointed as the heir of the Duke of Qin. Wen Gong died in forty-eight years, and posthumous title changed his eldest son to Won (Qin Xiangong) as the heir of Qin Gong).

Qin Xiangong ruled 12 years from 765438 BC to 704 BC.

Qin reigned for six years from 703 to 698.

From 697 to 678, Qin Wugong reigned for 20 years.

From 677 BC to 676 BC, Qin Degong was in office for 2 years.

From 675 BC to 664 BC, Gong Xuan reigned 12 years.

From 663 BC to 660 BC, Qin Chenggong reigned for four years.

From 659 BC to 62 BC1year, Qin Mugong ruled for 39 years.

Qin Kanggong reigned from 620 BC to 609 BC 12 years.

Qin reigned for five years from 608 BC to 604 BC.

From 603 BC to 577 BC, Duke Huan of Qin reigned for 27 years.

From 576 BC to 537 BC, Qin Jinggong ruled for 40 years.

From 536 BC to 50 BC1year, Qin Aigong reigned for 36 years.

Qin Gong Yi (a native of China in the Spring and Autumn Period, son of Qin Aigong) was appointed as the heir of the King of Qin. "Historical Records" said that Gong Yi "died early and could not stand. He established Yi Gongzi for the benefit of the public. " That is, he never became the official monarch of Qin. )

Gong Hui in 500 BC-Gong Hui in 49 BC1year1year.

Qin Daogong reigned from 490 BC to 477 BC 14 years.

From 476 BC to 443 BC, Qin Li ruled for 34 years.

Qin Zaogong ruled 14 years from 442 BC to 429 BC.

From 428 BC to 425 BC, Qin Huaigong reigned for 4 years.

From 424 BC to 4 15 BC, Qin Linggong ruled 10.

In BC 14-400, Qin reigned.

Qin Gonghui was in office for 13 years, that is, from 399 to 387 years.

Qin Gongchu reigned for two years, from 386 to 385.

From 384 to 362, Qin Xiangong reigned for 23 years.

From 3665438 BC to 338 BC, Qin Xiaogong ruled for 24 years.

Qin Huiwen reigned for 27 years from 337 BC to 365438 BC+065438 BC+0 BC.