Mushrooms, Tricholoma, Volvariella volvacea and Tremella fuciformis have been recorded in ancient agricultural books in China. China has rich experience in mushroom cultivation. In Wang Zhen's agricultural book, he wrote: "... orient in the shade, choose suitable wood, and cut down maple, bamboo, tamarind and so on. Cut it into ridges with an axe and cover it with soil. After years of tree rot, sit on mushrooms, evenly distribute the dam, and cover it with mugwort leaves and soil. When watering, the more you count, the more trees you save. This is called scary mushroom. After the rain and dew, when the weather gets warmer, mushrooms will grow ... After harvesting, the seeds will still reappear in the next year ... "
Volvariella volvacea is cultivated only in Southeast Asian countries in the world. Volvariella volvacea in Southeast Asian countries was introduced by overseas Chinese in China. 1934, Malaya Baker, 1950, and Jalali Chalana of Thailand all confirmed this. Therefore, Volvariella volvacea is also called "China Mushroom". According to the textual research of Zhang Shuting and You Zhongji of the Department of Biology of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the cultivation of Volvariella volvacea in China began18th century ago, with a history of about 200 years.
Tremella is a newly cultivated edible fungus, which was first cultivated by working people in China. Tremella cultivation in China originated from Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province. According to the stone tablet unearthed in Qingyang District of Tongjiang County in 1960, the cultivation of tremella in China began in the 20th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1894). At present, only China produces tremella on a large scale in the world.
Dictyophora, also known as Tricholoma giganteum or Lentinus edodes, is an edible fungus with a long cultivation history. As early as more than 700 years ago, there was a detailed record about the cultivation of auricularia auricula in the book Nong Sang Ji of Yuan Dynasty: "Plant auricularia auricula seeds in March, take rotten wood and leaves, bury them in the ground, often water them to make them moist, and they will be born in three or two days." "And the method, the middle and lower rancid manure in the border, take six or seven inches long, chop the wood with a hammer, like the method of growing vegetables, spread it evenly in the border, cover it with water and water to make it moist for a long time. When there are small bacteria at first, push them down and then push them out. After three times, it will be very big, that is, harvesting, and the food will not harm people. This is the earliest cultivation method of edible fungi introduced in ancient agricultural books in China, and it is also the earliest historical record of cultivating edible fungi in the world.
People in ancient China knew about the utilization of edible fungi earlier. The method of making glutinous rice with auricularia auricula has been recorded in Qi Yaomin's Book by Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which has been 1400 years. Another example is Shennong Herbal Classic, the oldest drug monograph in China at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty, which records the medicinal value of poria cocos, auricularia auricula and other fungi, and records their sources and medicinal properties in detail. This book has a history of 1700 years.
Our people are also creative in using wild mushrooms. For example, deer fungus is highly toxic when fresh, and westerners dare not eat it. The working people in our country have mastered the law of its toxicity, and found that the deer fungus is toxic only when eaten raw. If it can be dried in the sun and then boiled in boiling water, its toxin will disappear and it can be eaten. Another example is dictyophora indusiata, which is listed as a poisonous fungus abroad, but our people know that its poison is only in the "pen head" (cap) part, so as long as the poisonous and sticky part is cut off when collecting bacteria, this "poisonous fungus" will become a delicious edible fungus.
1958, China broke the rule that horse manure must be used to cultivate mushrooms. While countries around the world are still discussing whether it is possible to cultivate mushrooms without horse manure, China has already used pig manure, cow dung and other substitutes to produce mushrooms.
At present, the cultivation of edible fungi has spread all over the world, and there are more than 200 kinds of known edible fungi in China. Edible fungi have broad prospects for production and development and rich cultivation experience. Vigorously developing planting industry is of great significance to improving life, increasing income, developing economy and expanding foreign trade.