Tong's surname is the same, which originated in Shang Dynasty. Originally from Zi Shi, a direct descendant of Qi. Shang Wang gave this surname to Shu people, and established Tongguo in 〓 (now Dali County, Shaanxi Province) and became a vassal state of Shang Dynasty. After the death of the Shang Dynasty, the same country was also destroyed, and later generations turned the country into a surname. Later, the same surname was a branch of Shu, and one took the homonym "Shu" as the surname, as shown in the Spring and Autumn Map.

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The origin of the surname Tong was introduced by CCTV in the 1980s. During the Spring Festival in February 2003, CCTV 10 also launched this program. In the Western Han Dynasty, the historian Tai Shigong ordered Sima Qian to defend the defeat and surrender of Hungary and slaves, offended Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was convicted of corruption. It is said that one of his descendants changed the surname of Sima to Tong, and another changed the surname of Sima to Ma. This happened in the county annals of hancheng city, Shaanxi Province, where Sima Qian was born. The article "Rebuilding Taishi Temple" (Zhai) once recorded: "-Today, the grandson has the same surname in Luoyang, or the surname Ma in Xiangyang". Then Tong Tong, Tong Tong and Tong Tong are homonyms as surnames, and surnames remain anonymous. The bodhi old zu asked his people not to go out to ensure the continuation of the incense. A son went north to go through customs, and later became a flag bearer, surnamed Tong. A son went south and settled in Jiangnan, taking "Tong" as his surname, mostly concentrated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces; One son stayed in the local area, surnamed Tong, and later generations lived in Shanxi and Hebei-this content originated from genealogy and was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution.

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At the foot of Dongling, there is a small village called Shitouyu, with only 20 families. Legend has it that it is the descendant of a martial arts champion in the Song Dynasty. Later, the champion of Wu paid homage to the second prize, often accompanied by the emperor, which was indomitable and called for rain. People often say that a companion is like a tiger. Otherwise, this second-rate senior official was finally killed by traitors, stripped of his official position, lost his surname, demoted to Shu Ren and exiled to the foot of Dongling to make a living. "Tong" was the surname given by the emperor at that time. After several generations of reproduction, once lonely, gradually developed into a small village with more than 20 families. In this way, Tong's genealogy can be continued.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = First, the origin of surnames

The origin of the Oracle bone family is pure, from the Jurchen nationality, named after the tribe. During the Song Dynasty, the northern jurchen established the Jin State, and many of them were called Oracle bones. The jurchen in the Jin Dynasty was named Jia Gu, and the Chinese character was "Tong", that is, Tong or Tong. Among the surnames of Oracle bones in the Jin Dynasty, Oracle bones were famous ministers and changed surnames (generally including the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang and the lower reaches of Songhua River), and Chen Qing's daughter was Zhao Yi, a palace maid in the Jin Dynasty. Because Chen Qing, an Oracle bone, was a noble man who changed his way in the lake in Jin Dynasty, some local ministries and commissions also adopted the surname of Oracle bone. Nuerhachi, the daughter of Jianzhou in the Ming Dynasty, and her ancestors took Tong as their surname, calling themselves ""and translating it into Jin. Therefore, the surnames of famous families at that time were also one of the origins of surnames. Ancestor: Jurchen. According to "Examination of Surnames", this kind of compound surname originated in the Jin Dynasty, and Jurchen was added to the ancient department, which was later mistaken for Oracle bones. In AD 1 1 15, Akuta, the leader of the Wanyan Department of the Jurchen nationality, proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of gold and the year and year, with its capital in Huining (now Acheng South of Heilongjiang Province). 1 125 years, the Liao Dynasty perished, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished the following year. Moved the capital to Yanjing (now Beijing) and Kaifeng. Jia Gu's family name is only over 800 years old, which is the shortest among surnames. The descendants of Oracle bone family regard Nuzhen as the ancestor of Oracle bone family.

Before the middle of the Ming Dynasty, according to North Korea's "Dragonfly and Song of the Emperor", "there was a jurchen named Wen Jia". According to historical records, Wen Jia was the surname of Jurchen in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and also the homonym of Jia Gu's surname. Oracle bone is a famous jurchen in Jin Dynasty. "Golden history? There are more than a dozen Jia Gu surnames in the biography. Such as: "Oracle bone Chen Qing's real name is Abu Sha, and Huli diverted to celebrate. Strong and dignified, good at riding and shooting. After eight years of imperial rule, the ancestors sailed to Meng' an. " "Jia Guheng, whose real name is Arribet, has gained great benefits in Shandong West Road. In the thirteenth year of Dading, a female scholar was created, and the fourth person made up for Professor Dongping Fu. "About JiaGu surname, Kim? The annotation of Putonghua is "Jiaguyuetong". Tong, Tong and Tong are homonyms in Chinese characters, all of which are Oracle surnames, which evolved into surnames in Korean historical materials. Historically, this surname has been used by the Qing Taizu Nurhachi and his predecessors, and it has also been recorded in historical materials, such as "Yilan Doumanjia Wenmengge Timur, Tongfancha, Tongjiaochang, Tongtashi and Tongnurhachi". From the above, we can see that today's descendants of the Jurchen in Jianzhou, Tong, Tong's surname and Han's surname, are all Jurchen Oracle surnames from the Jin Dynasty.

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Yongzhou, Hunan, the most typical is the surname "Tong". Ningyuan and Xintian's children's surnames are Mongolian. His ancestors were bound to be violently attacked by the valley. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, he was ordered by the court to suppress the uprising of Yao people in Ningyuan area. In order to avoid disaster, he changed his Han surname and the word "Jia", so he changed his surname to "Tong" and lived in seclusion here. There are more than 550 Tong surnames in Ningyuan, which are distributed in Shangjia village and village. ========================================

Second, the source of the flag-bearer boy's surname was revised. The ancestor of Tong's family was a famous soldier in the Yuan Dynasty, who devoted himself to serving the court and the country. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and unified the world. The ancestors of the Tong family refused to be loyal to his Zhu world and had a premonition of being killed. Under it, he has four sons. In order to avoid copying from her, he changed the surnames of his four sons to Tong respectively, in order to make the children's heirs. And let them live in seclusion all over the country. (Later, they lived in the northeast. Although the font of their surnames has been changed, the pronunciation is the same, so there is a saying that children's surnames are the same in the world. Finally, the bodhi old zu fell on the guillotine of Zhujiajian Island heroically, and his spirit deserves our family's admiration for generations to come. In Qing Dynasty, Tong's orthodoxy was Tong's character, but due to the scarcity of Tong's descendants and the ignorance and blind judgment of historians, Tong's orthodoxy became Tong's character. In the Qing Dynasty, Tong became one of the eight surnames in the Qing Dynasty, higher than Zhenghuang Banner, the head of the Eight Banners. (Now wrongly defined by historians as Tong Jia) There are famous people in history: Tong Jia Hulhan and Tong Jialong Kodo. After liberation, Tong's family was simplified to Tong and Tong. . . Wait for the surname!

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Three,

Jurchen after the subjugation of the Jin Dynasty can be roughly divided into two parts. Part of them are Nuzhen who stayed in the hometown of Jinyuan during the Jin Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was called "female intelligence", "big water", "recluse", "begging for food" and "Gu Wei". They lived in the Songhua River basin, the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and the Wusuli River basin, and later developed into Manchu. [50] The other part is the Nuzhen who moved south to the Central Plains during the Jin Dynasty. Since the mid-Jin dynasty, their sinicization has gradually deepened. In the Yuan Dynasty, they were no longer regarded as jurchen, but called "Han people". The descendants of Jurchen mentioned in this article mainly come from the latter.

Shanxi jurchen heritage

In Fangzi Village and Sanjiazhuang Village, Anyi Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, there are a group of descendants of Jurchen surnamed Tong. They kept a genealogy of Tong's family, which was compiled during the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927). The rebuilt genealogy reads: "Before Tong, it came from Dajin Oracle bones. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, those who celebrated their success were ordered by this city because of their family background. " [54] Jiagu's surname is one of the most popular surnames of Jurchen. There is a cloud in the Interpretation of Mandarin in The History of Jin: The Oracle Bone Theory, which shows that as early as the Jin Dynasty, the Oracle bone family took "Tong" as their Chinese surname, while the Yuan zaju "Hutou Pai" called "the Oracle bone surnamed Tong" and "Jin Anshou" called the Oracle bone as their son. Although the words are different, the sounds are the same. All these can prove that the description in Tong Jia Shu is well-founded. Another book was discovered only two years ago and is being edited. According to records, there are dozens of people, such as county magistrate and Taoist platform, many of whom live far away in Taiwan Province Province. The ancestors of the Tong family made outstanding contributions to the construction and development of Yuncheng. In recent years, some records of contributions made by Tong's ancestors have been found in Chi Temple at the southern tip of Yuncheng City.

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Members of Manchu family with general surname are distributed in various regions of Liaodong. Modern place names, such as Tongjiajiang, Tong Jia, Tong Jia and Tong Jia, are all places where they lived. The same surname or surname and surname are Manchu surnames and homonyms, all of which originated in Tong Jia. Tong Jia's surname was Tong Jiashi in the early Qing Dynasty. Regarding the Tong family in the early Qing Dynasty, Tong, a member of the Tong family, recorded the following in the "Manchu Eight Banners Genealogy": "Tong gave birth to the Yellow Flag and lived in the Tong family. By the Ming Dynasty, his ancestor Dahan Tumotu had trade with Dongwang, Wangzhaozhou and Suoshengge. After that, I moved to Kaiyuan and moved to Fushun. " According to historical records, the Tong family in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties was the Tong family, taking the place name as the surname, and most of its clan members entered the Ming border for trade. Taking the local surname is a major feature of the crown surname of Jurchen in Ming Dynasty. They constantly need to migrate, fish, hunt and collect, and those who take their place of residence as their surnames, such as Gulcha, Zhangjia and Sochuluo, etc. However, these surnames are all Jurchen surnames that appeared in the Ming Dynasty, and their land-based surnames are similar to those of Tongjiacun and Zhangjiabao in modern times. But the surnames of these place names named after the Ming Dynasty are not the original surnames of their clans.

The 9th Manchu Tongjia Family Tree Renewal Committee of China was formally established in Fushun, and it was announced that the 9th Manchu Tongjia Family Tree Renewal will be carried out nationwide from now on, and the first historical Manchu memorial hall in China will be located in Fushun. At 9 o'clock yesterday morning, Tong Mingkuan, executive vice president of Fushun Manchu Friendship Association, announced that the ninth genealogy updating committee of China Manchu Tong Family was formally established, and the ninth genealogy updating work of China Manchu Tong Family will be started from now on. The reporter learned at the meeting that the Family Tree of Tong Family was initiated by Tong Bunian in the late Ming Dynasty and completed by Tong in the early Qing Dynasty. * * * It has been renewed 8 times. Tong Mingkuan told reporters that the surname in the early Qing Dynasty was Tong Jia, and Tong Shi or Tong Shi and Tong Shi were Manchu surnames. They are homonyms, both of which originated in Tong Jia. At present, Fushun is preparing to build the Manchu Tongjia Historical Memorial Hall, which is expected to be put into use by the end of this year.

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My hometown is Yuncheng, Shandong Province. My name is Tong, and I am from Jurchen nationality in Liaodong. I am a branch of Oracle bone family. The ancestor Fu Xingong was named Han Dong and Huaxi. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, he and his younger brother Wen Rui guarded Tongguan and Wen Rui was martyred. So Gong Sui retired with his four sons and six nephews. Even better, he moved to Yishui, Juzhou, and moved to Yuncheng County at 137 1, and lived eighteen miles north of Yuncheng, which was very obvious. In addition, in Fuxin Cemetery, in the northeast of the village, there is a dragon tablet in front of the tomb, with the words "Da Yuan General Town Tong Gong taboo Fuxin Gong, the word, Huaxi, with Xue Yi's tomb"

Fu Xingong is the ancestor of Yuncheng Tong family, which has been passed down for 26 generations.

Since the 23rd century, the Tong family in Yuncheng began to unify the characters used from generation to generation.

No.23 is "tin", abbreviated as "west".

The next order is: Tianrui Lingyun.

Kang tai Ben nai Li (32 nd generation)

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Suining, Jiangsu, is a large settlement of the Tong family, with tens of thousands of people. It has a Tong's ancestral hall, which was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Now it is the seat of the county production company. Its ancestor Tong was from Liaodong, and his brother Tong Fuxin lived in Yuncheng, Shandong. The two brothers, formerly known as Tong, are Tong's family, probably by the Yalu River. Tong is a famous family in Suining, and Tong Zeen, a famous overseas Chinese scientist, is from Suining. There are also many ethnic groups in Shandong, Henan and Shanxi. I am a Taoist priest, with the west in the world and the morality and morality in the world. I don't have my family tree, so I can't go into details.

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The children's family in the Hui nationality comes from the children's surnames. According to Tong's genealogy in Hexian County, Anhui Province, the ancestor Tong Xiaoqiao was born in Anjinzhan Mountain, Shaanxi Province, and was a martial arts master of the Crown Prince of Qing Dynasty. Once he taught martial arts and accidentally hurt the prince, so he fled to Hezhou (now Hexian County, Anhui Province) and changed his surname. After the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), the descendants of Tong family became more and more prosperous. Mainly distributed in Anhui.

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[8] The earliest China surname used by Manchu, Yuan Taozong Yi's Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun, contains the combination of Jin surname and ancient characters. But this does not mean that the earliest origin of Tong's family originated from Jin people. For example, "[Cao] Manchu's earliest surname is China, and the record of dropping out of farming in Nancun contains: Jin people's surname is Aotun." But before the Jin Dynasty, there was a Cao surname among the Han people, and it was very common. Almost every Manchu surname should have a China surname, some of which have been widely circulated (such as Zhao, Tao, Chen, etc. ), while others are obviously original (such as A, Ba, Bai, etc. ). Thus, a question worth discussing arises: When "Tong" was taken as China's surname, was it initiated by Nuzhen, or did the Han people in the Central Plains already exist before Nuzhen? When was the origin of children's surnames? There are several views:

First, it originated from the Shang Dynasty: merchants have the same country and take the country as their surname. Later, the same surname was a branch of Shu, and one took the homonym "Shu" as the surname. It is believed that "communication" comes from "communication". This view does set the history of children's surnames for a long time, but it is almost impossible. It is reported that the Shang Dynasty has been extinct for nearly 3,000 years, and it should be passed down in 20 years 150 generations. Such a long history, so many generations, can't be unknown in the history of nearly three thousand years. There are very few people in the twenty-five histories. As for the possibility that one branch went north through the customs and later became the name of the flag bearer "Tong", it is really slim.

Second, it originated from the Han Dynasty: after Sima Qian, it also originated from "communication" because of homophonic reasons. This view is also very unlikely. It has been nearly 1800 years since the demise of the Han Dynasty. The reason why this view is not established is the same as the view that it originated in the Shang Dynasty. Third, it originated from the end of Yuan Dynasty: it was the Han surname of Jin people. Because nuzhen entered the customs and set foot in the middle earth, she entered the Yuan Dynasty after the demise of the Jin Dynasty and stayed in the Central Plains after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. In order to avoid confusion, she handed down the surname "Tong". There are at least three surnames of children in this source: 1. Ancestors are Fuxin and Wen Rui: they have genealogy and lineage. There are about thirty generations now. It is reported that Yuan perished in A.D. 1368, about 640 years ago, with 20 years as a generation and 30 generations. The descendants of this lineage are mainly in Yuncheng, Shandong and Suining, Jiangsu. 2. Tongs in Ningyuan and Xintian, Yongzhou, Hunan Province: This ethnic group is Mongolian (it should be Jurchen after entering the Yuan Dynasty). His ancestors were bound to be violently attacked by the valley. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, he was ordered by the court to suppress the uprising of Yao people in Ningyuan area. In order to avoid disaster, he changed his Han surname, which is the same as the word "Jia", so he changed his surname to "Tong" and lived in seclusion here. There are more than 550 Tong surnames in Ningyuan, which are distributed in Shangjia village and village. 3. Nuzhen Legacy in Shanxi Province: In Fangzi Village and Sanjiazhuang Village, Anyi Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, there are a group of Nuzhen Legacy of Tong's family. Their genealogy was compiled during the reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, and was rebuilt in the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), and the genealogy was re-edited: "Tong's Genealogy" at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, because of its success, "

The similarities of the above three surnames are: they all come from the Jin family and the Gu family. It can be seen that at the time of the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to avoid confusion, it was a relatively unified practice to change the surname of Jin from Oracle bones to that of Han.

Fourth, it originated in the late Ming Dynasty: Song County's "Tong's Genealogy" (rebuilt in recent years) records that during the Chongzhen period in the late Ming Dynasty, an official named Tong lived in seclusion in Song County, Henan Province to avoid disaster because of his integrity. This matter has spread to the fifteenth century. Starting from the word "zu" in 12 generation, it means "zu, zong, gong and de". Ming died in 1644, about 360 years ago. But the origin of ancestors' surnames is unknown.

5. Originated in Qing Dynasty: Tongjiahan surname, Manchu surname, also known as Tong, Tong and Dong. Then, what is the relationship between the Jurchen Oracle bones before sinicization and Manchu Tong Jiashi, the descendant of Jurchen after sinicization? This needs further study. Generally speaking, the following conclusions are drawn:

First, the history of children's surnames should not be very long. It is probably created by Jin people and used as an ancient Han family. Then the history of this surname should be around 800 years, and the real inheritance as an independent Han surname should be after the Yuan Dynasty, which is more than 600 years of history.

Second, the origin of surnames does not come from one person or a few people. It may be that in a certain period (Yuan Dynasty), more Oracle surnames were transformed into children surnames. They may not be in the same place, but they act independently and are unified into Tong's surnames in different places according to the rules of surname conversion. However, because "Tong Tong Tong" is a homophone, when Jurchen characters are converted into Chinese characters, there is only a problem of different pronunciations without homophones. However, Chinese characters are different, and there are a lot of homophones in Chinese characters, so different children should be converted from different jurchen, unless they are recorded in writing, such as "children" in Shandong and Jiangsu.

Third, the Oracle bones still exist today, and the county looks at Fucheng, which is equivalent to Zhangbei County, Hebei Province (north of Zhangjiakou). Now there are also people surnamed Jia Gu in Shanghai, Shenyang and other places.