Current location - Music Encyclopedia - Today in History - A brief introduction to Liu, a poet in Ming Dynasty and the first poet of Eight Colourful Flowers in Qinhuai. What are Liu's poems?
A brief introduction to Liu, a poet in Ming Dynasty and the first poet of Eight Colourful Flowers in Qinhuai. What are Liu's poems?
The life span of the characters is forty-six years in Wanli of the Ming Dynasty (16 18). Liu was born in, and later he was trafficked. Childhood is unfortunate and life is unknown.

In the first year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1628), Liu was adopted by Xu Fo, a famous prostitute in Jiangnan. Liu is not crazy about it.

In the fifth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1632), Liu married Zhou, a college student who was over 60 years old. Zhou Zhuangyuan was born and often held her in her lap and taught her to read poetry. Other wives and concubines are jealous. After Zhou's death, Liu was forced to leave the guild hall and return to his old job as a brothel.

In the fifth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (AD 1632), Liu went to Songjiang and changed his old name, calling himself "Shadow Pity" to show his self-pity in troubled times. In Songjiang, I associate with party member, such as Fu Xin, Ji Xin and so on. I often wear Confucian clothes and men's clothes to talk about the current situation and sing with them.

Liu, Li and Song He all had a love, but they were all hindered by feudal ethics. There was a love affair with Chen Zilong, who lived in Songjiang South Building for a long time and wrote poems and songs to each other. Unfortunately, the beauty of the chorus of the South Tower is not long. Yuan and Zhang took people to the South Building. Unwilling to be humiliated, Liu left resolutely. Even so, I still don't give up on Liu. However, Chen Zilong was unfortunately defeated and died in the anti-Qing uprising. Liu is so strict in choosing her husband that many celebrities failed to marry her. Some just stay in the friendship stage.

In the 11th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1638), at the age of 20, Liu met Qian, a former court assistant who could explore flowers at the age of 28. In the thirteenth year of Chongzhen (1640), Liu Nan disguised as a woman, met Qian again in the name of Liu, and lived in Banhuang Hall, with the word "so I heard" (this is often the beginning of Tibetan scriptures). ) echo Liu's name with another name "I smell the room". Also with Liu wandering in the lakes and mountains, accompanied by poetry and wine. Liu is affectionate and willing to marry money who is over 500 years old.

In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (164 1), Liu married Qian, the leader and famous bureaucrat. After Qian married Liu, he built the magnificent "Crimson Cloud Building" and "Red Bean Pavilion" in Yushan, and the golden house was hidden with charming flowers. They live together in Jiangyun Mansion. They like reading and discussing poetry. Qian posthumous title Wei Liu "Liu Rusheng". Liu gave birth to a daughter after his death.

Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, the Qing army went to Beijing to build a small court in Nanjing, and Liu Zaiming supported Qian as the minister of rites. Soon, the Qing army went south, and Enemy at the Gates and Liu advised Qian to throw himself into the water together. Money was speechless, and finally went down to the pool to try the water and said, "The water is too cold to go down." Liu "tried his best to sink into the pool", but the money stopped him. So money is ashamed to see him.

Qian will go to Beijing while Liu will stay in Nanjing. Qian became an assistant minister and academician of the Qing Dynasty. Influenced by Liu, he resigned after half a year.

In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), Qian was arrested and imprisoned for Huang's anti-Qing case. In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), Liu ran around and saved money.

Liu bribed him to get out of prison when he was ill, and encouraged him to contact Qu Shizhen, who was still resisting. Liu also made every effort to support and comfort the resistance against the Qing army, showing a strong patriotic national integrity. Qian's relegation should have been criticized by later generations, but it was Liu's righteous act that diluted people's dislike for him.

In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Qian died on May 24th. After Qian died, the villagers gathered to seal up his property. In order to protect the property of money, Liu committed suicide with him. Although the villain was scared away, a generation of talented women ended their lives like this. At the age of 46. Liu was buried in Fushui Mountain Villa in Yushan after his death. Her daughter 17 years old, married the son of Wuxi Yusen Zhao.

Main works poetry

Wuyinsao, Liu Poems, Miscellaneous Notes of Hongdou Village, Plum Blossom Collection, Dongshan Songs Collection, etc.

Painting and calligraphy

Moon smoke willow atlas

Later generations commemorate the site of Liu Tomb.

Liu Tomb is located in Xiahuayuanbang, Yushan, Changshu, on the west side of Qian Tomb. The tombstone is engraved with the words "Hedong Jun Tomb". After Kangxi was buried for three years, Chen Wenshu, the magistrate of Changshu, rebuilt the tomb pier in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. It was robbed twice in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War and the early days of the People's Republic of China. It has been more than 330 years since then, and it has been well preserved so far.

Book records

Biography of Liu (formerly known as "Life-saving Poems of Qian Liu")

Overall evaluation of the characters Liu was a famous geisha talented woman during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. She has a strong personality, integrity, intelligence and courage. As far as literary talent is concerned, she is known as the first of the "Eight Colors of Qinhuai". Calligraphy and painting are also famous, and her paintings are ingenious and simple, beautiful and beautiful; Calligraphy has won the admiration of future generations, calling it "iron fist with silver hook, which once collected wonderful traces."

In addition, women in Zuowei Liu, a traditional society, have deep feelings for home and country and political ambitions. Among the celebrities I associate with, I am Zhang Pu, Li Cun, and Liu often talks with them about the rise and fall of the world. In the heyday of Ze, Liu once said to Zhang Qian, "The Central Plains is boiling, and heroes are required to come out against the enemy. They should be like Xie Dongshan, not like Tao Jing. If I were a man, I would save the country and serve the country! "

Celebrity commented on Shen Qiu's "Biography of Hedong Jun", saying that she: "Knowing books and being good at poetry, emphasizing the theme and rhyme, carving it; It is best to make things harmonious. "

Wang Guowei once wrote a poem, "A towel is enough, and brothers don't doubt it." Don't blame your daughter for being too abrupt. How many people do you need in Jimen? "In Wang Guowei's view, at the critical moment of national subjugation, those scholars who knelt on their knees, including Liu's husband, Qian (the poem's" Ji Men Chao Shi "), were far less virtuous and virtuous than Liu.

Women writers in Qing Dynasty praised her in "Brief Introduction to Liu Letters": "A thousand words are more beautiful than the Six Dynasties. She has deep feelings for her class and Cai, and many people are curious. "

Chen Yinque praised Liu as a "celebrity" and a "scholar", and thought that although she was a "girl leaning against the door in Meihui House, she was a little woman who took precautions", and her deeds made people "cry". However, in the feudal society where male dominance dominated everything, she was not treated and evaluated fairly, and even "despised by scholars at that time" and "falsely accused by frivolous people in later generations". Most of the rumors and records about Liu were "simple mistakes" and "more than facts".

Chen Yinque evaluated Liu with the spirit of "independence" and said: "Although Qian Liu's articles were found, it was even more difficult to destroy the remnant que. He was often found alone and had people who could make people cry but could not hold themselves. My husband's ambition to die in the Qin Dynasty is expressed in nine chapters, that is, from the scholar-officials of that day, and it is advisable to cherish the idea of praising the spirit of national independence and freedom. What's more, gracefu's "The Girl Leaning on the Door" came out. She was a young woman who was prepared for a rainy day, but she was deeply despised by the scholars at that time and falsely accused by the frivolous people of later generations! " (The Origin of Liu)

Yu Dafu recorded Liu's poem "I smell the spring room" in "Entertainment in Summer". As far as literary talent is concerned, she is the first of the "Eight Colors of Qinhuai".

Liu Mengxi commented on Liu with "Knowing the Truth in the Cave": "Hedong Jun was able to stand in the land of beautiful women in the south of the Yangtze River, and was appreciated, respected and cited as a confidant by the victorious people at that time. Naturally, this is not only because of her intelligence, beauty, versatility and depth of poetic attainments, but also because she has courage and ambition, knows the truth from the cave, and has political ambition ..... Three years after the overthrow of Nandu in the Ming Dynasty, Hedong Jun did not laugh. ("Prove history by poetry, repair history by biography, and save poetry")

Li Luan's Price Marked clearly commented on Liu: "The tragic Dream of Red Mansions opened up a world of humanity in an inhuman world, and Liu Chuan introduced a group of bright personalities from the abyss of history. The so-called bright personality, like the existence in martin heidegger's Being and Time, is either an openness to one-day existence or a concern for one-day existence. I secretly think that it is this caring personality theme, rather than the patriotic enthusiasm that ordinary people say, that makes Liu Biezhuan higher than other similar works and comparable to A Dream of Red Mansions. " ("mourning")