First, the form of hidden liabilities.
1, microfinance
2. Private lending
Step 3: pawn
4. Inter-bank lending
Step 5 borrow money from friends and relatives
6. Non-governmental credit institutions borrow money
7. Social channel usury caused by bad habits.
Second, how to identify hidden liabilities.
1, credit investigation
(1) query times
Implicit liabilities are generally hidden and difficult to find out in credit information. However, we can know the borrower's credit inquiry times in the last three months through the inquiry records at the end of the credit inquiry, so as to roughly infer the borrower's recent capital situation. The more inquiries there are, the less money there is.
(2) Credit subject
Inquire whether there are non-bank institutions, off-site institutions, etc. What changes have taken place in the main body of the enterprise or individual credit report and the enterprise loan institution;
(C) Private lending information
You can also check the relevant information of customers and enterprises about private lending through big data credit information, and whether customers have records of secondary mortgage to non-bank institutions. Look at the changing trend of the monthly loan balance of enterprises, whether it is gradually decreasing, and verify the reasons for the decrease.
In this way, we can distinguish the general capital situation of enterprises and interpret their borrowing motives to some extent.
2. Customer's bank flow
The bank flow of individual customers is an important material to reflect the daily business activities of small and micro customers. Many small loans can not be reflected in the credit information, but can be reflected in the bank flow.
(1) Fixed inflow and outflow
Some customers will be deducted at a fixed time and frequency, or a large amount of funds will flow in. If this happens, we must pay attention to it, investigate the reasons, ask customers to give a reasonable explanation, and verify the customer's explanation with actual investigation to see if it is private lending.
(2) the amount of funds is large.
Find out whether there is a single large capital transaction in the flow, compare the capital transaction with the daily operation, and check whether there is any correlation between the transaction object and the business. If there are similar small loan companies in the transaction details, or if their counterparties include names such as "investment", "guarantee", "pawn" and "private", it means that the customer is likely to have other loans or private lending transactions.
(3) Bank flow around the maturity date
Focus on the settled historical debt and the bank flow around the maturity date to see if the amount is close to the amount of foreign capital that should be repaid. If so, it is likely that the customer has made other undisclosed loans when repaying the previous debts.
(4) Looking for doubts
Check the bank flow of the enterprise's main account number and the personal account number of the time controller in detail, dig out the existing doubts (such as the traces of loans, repayments and interest payments as doubts), and use the doubts as clues (starting points) to find out the hidden liabilities of the enterprise. If you really can't find out, you can design a set of speech traps and blow up key information by asking the person in charge or relevant financial personnel.
3. Customer's financial statements
Verify the details of accounts payable, advance receipts and other accounts payable, and find out whether there are any doubts through in-depth analysis of current accounts such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, advance receipts and prepayments. "Hidden liabilities" often appear in the form of other receivables and other payables (mainly "other payables") in financial statements.
Seriously understand whether the payee of other payables is the upstream customer of the borrower, whether the customer group meets the contract, and whether there is a large amount of credit between natural persons.
For unreasonable accounts payable, it is necessary to further check the consolidated statements of the parent company.
At the same time, financial expenses and net profit are also the main subjects of hidden liabilities, especially the comprehensive and systematic internal forms such as the annual operating data summary table for internal use.
"Sales revenue" is also an important observation window. Pay attention to check whether there are unreasonable changes before and after the sales revenue of enterprises in the report.
4. Carefully verify customer assets.
Inquire about the personal card of the borrower or its financial personnel. Many private loans are personal cards of business owners or financial personnel.
Maintain certain sensitivity, and maintain reasonable doubts about some unreasonable phenomena, such as frequent turnover of financial personnel, especially financial managers, and over-allocation of financial personnel, especially cashiers.
Remember to go to the bank to print the loan card inquiry record when you do what you can, and look at the "settled loan record" on the loan card inquiry information by comparing the past mortgage records. If an enterprise conceals past liabilities or existing liabilities, there must be clues in the mortgage record.
5. How did the borrower get rich, social circle?
It is also necessary to check the formation process of the boss's assets, how to get rich, whether to engage in private lending before, how much assets have accumulated, and how much profits the affiliated enterprises have.
Also pay attention to investigating the borrower's social circle. There may be hidden liabilities of key contacts in personal business. The more profitable personal business is, the more likely there is hidden investment.
Investigate whether the customer's relatives, family members and friends who have close contacts with him have had such experience or engaged in lending. Borrowers with a certain probability have implicit debts (this still depends on the investigation and cannot be directly defined).
6. Understand customers and make judgments.
Obtain soft information verification from interviews of actual controllers or operators;
Investigate in advance whether the customer has bad habits, luxury consumption habits such as buying luxury goods, whether the customer's investment habits are too radical, what kind of consumption concept, personality, personal conduct, family harmony, etc. , thus forming a basic judgment on customers;
After on-the-spot investigation, that is, after formal meeting with customers, we should learn to observe customers carefully, such as their manners, the mental outlook of the whole person and so on.
In combination with the doubts in the financial statements, ask the borrower face to face, preferably by surprise. Don't give the borrower too much reaction time. At the same time, pay attention to the borrower's micro-expression to see if he has a flustered expression, evasive eyes or other unnatural reactions. Usually, people's subconscious reaction is the most real.
Also, if the borrower is too respectful when meeting the borrower for the first time and puts himself in a particularly humble position from the beginning, the loan officer must not be confused by this illusion, because sometimes the more respectful he is to the customer before lending, it is likely that it will be completely different immediately after lending.
In other words, how humble he is now, when his position is reversed, he will only be even more humble when he urges to pay back the arrears.