The history of battery electric vehicles. The first electric car in the world was born in 188 1 year, and the inventor was Gustav truff, a French engineer. It is a tricycle driven by a lead-acid battery. However, in 1873, the battery-powered electric vehicle invented by British Robert Davidson was not included in the international recognition scope. Later, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells appeared as electricity. Stage 1860—— 1920: With the development of battery technology, the application of electric vehicles has been widely used in Europe and America in the second half of the19th century. 1859, gaston Plante, a great French physicist and inventor, invented the rechargeable lead-acid battery.
From the end of 19 to 1920, in the early automobile consumption market, electric vehicles had more advantages than vehicles driven by internal combustion engines: no odor, no vibration, no noise, no shift, and low price, forming an automobile market with three pillars: steam, electricity and internal combustion engines. Stage 1920- 1990: With the development of Dezhou Petroleum and the improvement of internal combustion engine technology, electric vehicles gradually lost their advantages after 1920. The automobile market is gradually replaced by cars driven by internal combustion engines. There are only a few cities with few trams and trolleybuses and limited battery cars (lead-acid batteries are used in golf courses, forklifts and other fields).
The development of electric vehicles has been stagnant for more than half a century. With the oil resources rolling to the market, people almost forget the existence of electric vehicles. Related technologies used in electric vehicles, such as electric drive, battery materials, power battery pack, battery management, etc., cannot be developed or applied. As a green sunrise industry, electric vehicles have been developed in China for ten years. As for electric bicycles, by the end of 20 10, the number of electric bicycles in China has reached1200,000, and it is growing at an annual rate of 30%.
In terms of energy consumption, electric bicycles are only one-eighth of motorcycles and one-twelfth of automobiles.
In terms of occupied space, an electric bicycle occupies only one twentieth of that of a general private car.
From the development trend, the market prospect of electric bicycle industry is still promising.
Electric bicycles have always been favored by low-income groups in cities because of their cheap, convenient and environmentally friendly functional advantages. The development of electric bicycles in China, from the small batch listing in the mid-1990s to the production and sales since 20 12, has been showing a momentum of substantial growth year by year. Due to strong demand, the electric bicycle market in China has been growing by leaps and bounds in recent years.
According to the data, the national output of 1998 was only 54,000, and in 2002 it was158,000. By 2003, the output of electric bicycles in China reached more than 4 million, ranking first in the world, and the average growth rate from 2008 to 2004 exceeded 120%. In 2009, the output reached 23.69 million vehicles, up 8.2% year-on-year. Compared with 1998, it has increased by 437 times, and the development speed is quite amazing. The average annual growth rate of electric bicycle production in the above statistical years is about 174%.
According to the industry forecast, by 20 12, the market scale of electric bicycles will reach 1000 billion yuan, and the market potential of batteries for electric vehicles alone will exceed 50 billion yuan. 20 1 1,1In March of 8, the four ministries jointly issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Electric Bicycles, but it finally became a dead letter. It means that the electric vehicle industry is facing huge market survival pressure in a long-term good environment, and policy restrictions will become an unresolved sword for many enterprises to survive; The external environment, weak international economic environment and weak recovery will also greatly reduce the export dividend of electric vehicles.
In terms of electric vehicles, the development plan of energy-saving and new energy vehicle industry has been clearly reported to the State Council, and the plan has been raised to the national strategic level, aiming at arranging a new automobile industry bureau. As one of the seven strategic emerging industries identified by the state, the planned investment of new energy vehicles will reach 10 billion yuan in the next10 year, and the sales volume will be locked in the first place in the world.
By 2020, new energy vehicles will be industrialized, the technologies of energy-saving and new energy vehicles and key components will reach the international advanced level, and the market share of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles will reach 5 million. It is predicted that from 20 12 to 20 15, the average annual growth rate of electric vehicle sales in China market will reach about 40%, most of which will come from pure electric vehicle sales. By 20 15, China will become the largest electric vehicle market in Asia.