From 65438 to 0840, after the Opium War between China and Britain, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. 1895, after the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, China was forced to sign the Sino-Japanese treaty of shimonoseki. Since then, the imperialist powers have stepped up their economic aggression against China by opening banks, forcing loans, investing in railways, and opening mines and factories. Among them, from 1895 to 1899, imperialist countries seized nearly 10000 km of railway construction rights in China. Wherever the railway controlled by imperialism is built, the claws of aggression will extend. Near the railway, imperialist powers competed to build factories and mine, plundering China's resources. By the end of 19, the struggle for railway rights among the great powers was more intense, and even the Qing government was threatened by force. The Qing government, which originally planned to build its own railway, was helpless in the face of the struggle of the great powers and had to hand over the right to build the railway to foreign countries. The great powers invested in building railways in China, which not only gained huge economic benefits, but also attached various conditions, including controlling railways and areas along railways and transporting troops.