(The article quotes from: /0shanggu/bigan4.asp) The story of Bigan There have been many sunny days in the Shang Dynasty in the past 600 years. From the founding of Tang Cheng to Pan Geng in Zhongxing and Wuding in its heyday, they are all representatives of the prosperous times. Just listen to a song in the Book of Songs: "Once upon a time, there was soup, so you can learn from it. Dare not come to enjoy, dare not come to the king. " At that time, the sphere of influence of the Shang Dynasty had reached today's Inner Mongolia in the north, the Yangtze River basin in the south, Qinghai Lake in the west and Liaodong Peninsula in the Bohai Sea in the east. However, the Shang Dynasty experienced 3 1 kings in the17th century, and none of them was as famous as Zhou Wang. The story of "Bigan is heartbroken" nailed him to the shame column forever. For more than 3,000 years, "Shang and Zhou Dynasties" almost became synonymous with debauchery and tyranny, while Bigan became a loyal minister forever in the history of China. From Weihui City to the north, take a bus 15 minutes to reach Bigan Temple in Dunfangdian Township. The reporter just caught up. A few days ago, there was a new "temple owner" here, and the "Bigan Forest Garden Development and Construction Company" was just established. Because of the influence of SARS, there are not many tourists. Zheng Xiubo, the "temple owner", accompanied the reporter to watch and tell the evolution of this ancient temple. After the King of Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty, Bi Gan's tomb was sealed here. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Xiaowen built Bigan Temple because of his tomb. Later, Emperor Taizong, Song Renzong and Yuan Renzong ordered the restoration of Bigan Temple. The Bigan Temple we see today was rebuilt during Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, covering an area of 130 mu. This is a rectangular courtyard facing south. The screen wall, the gate, the second gate and the third gate are arranged in sequence. Stone Square, Monument Gallery, Hall of Worship, Hall of Ursa Major and other major buildings are well preserved, all distributed on the north-south central axis. The ancient cypress in the courtyard is lush, the trees are lush, and the buildings are quaint and spectacular. It's really the etiquette of famous temples through the ages! The mountain gate is obviously newly built, and the word "Bigan Temple" was inscribed by Mr. Luo, a famous ancient architecture expert in China. On the lintel of the second gate, the word "admonition" was written by Cui Zhi, a calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, which means "admonition" is an example for admonition officials in past dynasties. It can be seen from many inscriptions in the temple that Bi Gan's words and deeds have a far-reaching influence on later officials. Fan Wenlan listed Bigan in Xia Dynasty, Guan Longfeng, Qu Yuan in Warring States, Zhuge Liang in Three Kingdoms and Zheng Wei in Tang Dynasty as patriots who dared to speak out and asked the monarch to improve politics. Bigan's deeds have been circulated in China for more than 3000 years. Bi Gan was born in the Yin and Shang Dynasties (now Qixian County, Henan Province). He is the younger brother of Di Yi, the king of Shang Dynasty. According to the inheritance law of Shang Dynasty, the eldest son succeeded to the throne and the second son was enfeoffed. Bigan was not only the king, but also the chief executive of Shang Dynasty in Shao Shi. Di Yi's reign was short. On his deathbed, he and his two younger brothers, Beagan, discussed with Ji Zi the issue of the heir to the throne. Ji Zi suggested that his eldest son was virtuous and kind, while Bigen argued that his youngest son, Di Xin, should inherit the throne. Bigan said that Wei Zi was the eldest son, but it was not born to Di Yi's wife. Although Di Xin is very young, he is the eldest son. Finally, Di Yi accepted Bigen's advice and made Di Xin succeed to the throne. In fact, Bi Gan's fight for Di Xin's succession was not entirely for maintaining the inheritance law of Shang Dynasty, but more importantly, he liked this nephew better. According to Taishigong, Di Xin "is different from the disease and is very sensitive to it;" Material power is extraordinary, and hands are beasts. Both the mind and limbs are very developed. Once a pillar of the palace was broken, and the craftsman had to build a shelf, put the beam on it and install a new pillar. Di Xin said, don't bother, I hold the beam with my hand, you change it! Zhou Wang was a wise monarch at the beginning of his reign. He led a great army to crusade against Xu Yi (now Xuzhou) and fought bloody battles on the battlefield. He was so brave that Sheikh Xu Yi was scared to surrender to Zhou Wang with his hands tied behind his back, wearing mourning clothes and pulling a coffin. Zhou Wang led the army to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the tribes of Dongyi surrendered in succession. When Zhou Wang triumphed, Beagan took the minister of civil and military affairs and walked dozens of miles to meet him. At that time, folk songs even sang: Zhou Wang is like an iron bucket ... but Zhou Wang soon became "corrupt". He built a lot of buildings and forced slaves to build palaces for him. He also built a tall star-picking building, accompanied by beautiful women and wine all day, sang to North Korea and danced at night. Since then, the capital of Shang Dynasty has been. Zhou Wang's misdeeds recorded in history books can completely make readers forget his merits, and every pile is indispensable to bad woman da ji. Once, Zhou Wang and da ji were drinking and saw an old man and a young man crossing the river in the distance. The young man walked ahead and crossed the river, while the old man fell behind and hesitated. Zhou Wang said: Children have strong bone marrow and are not afraid of cold; Old people have empty bone marrow and are afraid of cold. Da ji didn't believe it, so Zhou Wang ordered the soldiers to catch them and break their leg bones with axes for da ji to see. Since then, this river has been called "Broken Leg River". Seeing what Zhou Wang had done, Bi Gan protested frankly and took him to the ancestral temple to worship his ancestors. He told him the stories of kings of past dynasties: Shang Tang had a hard time starting a business, Pan Geng had a thatched cottage, Wu Ding chopped firewood and hoed the ground to bring slaves, and Zujia restrained himself. He never drinks more than three cups, afraid of surpassing the country ... Zhou Wang nodded yes, but he didn't really change, but he became more and more dissolute and tyrannical. Not only did he "run for the pool and hang the meat for the forest" in the palace, but he also staged a "reality show" in which men and women were naked and drunk and chased each other. Da ji, Zhou Wang's beloved princess, likes to watch people being abused. She invented an instrument of torture called cauterization: a hollow pillar made of copper. During the execution, the prisoner was stripped naked and tied to a post, and then the red-hot coal was put into a copper post ... da ji said that she had the ability to distinguish whether the fetus in the womb was male or female, so Zhou Wang arrested 100 pregnant women for an experiment. Da ji told them to sit down first and then stand up, and then said to Zhou Wang: The man who lifts his left leg first, the woman who lifts his right leg first. Zhou Wang didn't believe in da ji, so he ordered a caesarean section on the spot ... Beagan was so angry when he saw Zhou Wang and da ji taking pleasure in harming others that he said to himself, "I am the emperor and strongly remonstrated with the king", and quickly moved to Zhou Wang to tell the truth of his mistake and demanded that da ji be beheaded, and the whole door was executed! Zhou Wang sat there angrily without saying a word. Beagan went on to say: When Tang Wang was here, there was a catastrophe in the world, and the roads were blocked by hunger. Tang Wang got off the bus and cried, blaming herself for being immoral. He immediately opened a warehouse to help the poor, and the hungry people had food and the cold people had clothes, which was praised by the world. What you did today runs counter to the benevolent policy of the late king. If you don't repent, the world will be in danger Zhou Wang left angrily. Bi Gan returned home, invited Ji Zi and Wei Zi to discuss, and asked them to remonstrate with Zhou Wang. The next day, Ji Zi tried to persuade Zhou Wang, but Zhou Wang cut off Ji Zi's hair and imprisoned him. However, Wei Zi protested, but Zhou Wang still wouldn't listen, so Wei Zi flew away with the sacrificial vessels of his ancestors. Minister Xin Jia advised 75 times, but Zhou Wang did not change at all, so he went to Zhou Wenwang; Many ministers saw that Zhou Wang was hopeless, so they gave up this week's work. Zhou Wang has been alienated from others. At this time, there were more than 800 large and small governors who led the army to March and betrayed Yin Shanglai and Zhou. Shang dynasty has been a candle in the wind. Bigan believes that being a courtier can't just walk away like a little son, even if you kill your head and dig your heart, you have to fight for it. "If the Lord does not remonstrate, he will be disloyal, and if he fears death, he will not be brave, that is, if he does not obey, he will die, and he will be loyal to the Lord." He risked genocide and went to the palace for three consecutive days to attack Zhou Wang's fault. Zhou Wang was criticized by Beagan. He was speechless and very angry. He asked, why do you insist on this? Bigan said, "A gentleman has his officials, a father has his officials, a scholar has his officials, and a friend has friends. As a minister, you have a sense of advance and retreat! " Zhou Wang asked again: What is a sense of justice? Bigan answered: Xia Jie can't have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions. My king must learn from this heartless king. Aren't you afraid of losing the world? Today I protest, this is the sense of honor! Zhou Wang flew into a rage and said, "I heard that saints have seven hearts and various beliefs?" He said, and ordered people to cut open their chests and take out their hearts. If they are fearless, they will commit suicide generously ... let themselves go? Today, when we return to the historical scene with the help of Tai Shigong, we can still smell the thick smell of blood. The tragic scene more than 3,000 years ago almost erased the bright color of the whole Shang Dynasty, but the spirit of being upright and upright, which is higher than doing things for righteousness, still remains in the world, leading the admonishers through fire and water. In the bureaucratic history of China for thousands of years, the admonition of loyal ministers is a unique landscape. Almost all dynasties experienced difficulties because of direct remonstrance, and even paid the price of their lives. Similar plots abound in literary works, among which there is no doubt a role model. More than 3,000 years ago, Bigan created an insurmountable standard of "till death do us part" for later generations, just as later generations commented that "since ancient times, a monarch refused to remonstrate for many weeks, and since ancient times, loyal ministers have fought more than one" ... On the other hand, the story of "Bigan's heartbreak" is well-known among women and children because it coincides with the psychology of China's traditional culture. First of all, it is easier to arouse the sympathy of the people than loyalty to the country. Secondly, it seems that all the bad things Zhou Wang did were instigated by da ji, which catered to the traditional cultural psychology that "women are disasters". Isn't there a sister around Xia Jie, who is almost as bad as Zhou Wang? "The most famous is the Taihe tablet written by Emperor Xiaowen of Wei. The tablet is engraved with the tomb of Diaobi, written by Emperor Xiaowen. This is the earliest stone tablet of Bigan Temple. " At first glance, there is nothing special about this stone tablet. On closer inspection, it's really different. The stone tablet is engraved with words on all sides (pictured)! The front text of the stone tablet is Weibei font, which is thin, hard and steep. It is said that it was written by Cui Hao, a great calligrapher in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. As famous as Longmen 20, it is a rare calligraphy in China today! This inscription written by Emperor Xiaowen is also highly praised by later generations. At the beginning of the article, the author denounced Yin's "tyranny of cabin defeat" with a sharp pen, and then warmly praised Bi Gan's loyalty and integrity, expressed his admiration and nostalgia for this ancient loyal minister, and regretted that Bi Gan was born at an untimely time and could not directly remonstrate against the great cause of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Finally, Emperor Xiaowen also used more pen and ink fantasy than driving a dragon and driving a phoenix, traveling in heaven. In 494 AD, the year after Emperor Tuoba Hong of Wei Xiaowen moved to Luoyang, he passed by Jixian County (now Weihui City) and worshipped Bigan with the ceremony of "too prison" (the highest sacrifice standard), and sent ministers to build a temple and erect a monument. Since then, Bigan Temple has come into being. Why did TaBaHong build Bigan Temple, and why did he praise Bigan so much? There is another source. Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of Wei, is a very noteworthy figure in the history of China. He was originally a Xianbei, but he promoted the Sinicization Movement. He banned Khufu, broke Xianbei, and took the lead in changing his surname to Han Yuan. In 493 AD, he decided to move the capital from Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) to Luoyang. This series of strange measures are rare in Chinese and foreign history. The reason why TaBaHong admired Bigen is closely related to his life experience. Tuoba Hong was born in 467 AD and was raised by Feng Taihou since childhood. Because Tuoba extended the rule of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, his biological mother and grandmother had already been allowed to die. TaBaHong acceded to the throne at the age of 4, and his father, Emperor Xianwen, was honored as the emperor's father, and the power in the DPRK was completely controlled by Feng. Since "Bigan cut the heart", this strange injustice has become the same topic composition of literati and celebrities in past dynasties, as evidenced by countless inscriptions and poems in Bigan Temple. A wise monarch regrets that he was born out of time, while a monarch with a bumpy career satirizes the present and realizes his own destiny. There are still many officials who lament the difficulty of loyal subjects.