Suzhou River is the main tributary of Huangpu River and the second largest river in Shanghai after Huangpu River. Because it originated in Songling area near Suzhou, it was called "Songjiang" in ancient times, and because the basin was in the territory of ancient Wu, it was called "Wusong River". Wusong Jiangyuan flows out of Guajing Estuary of Taihu Lake, passes through Jiangnan Canal, flows through Wujiang, Suzhou, Wuxian, Kunshan, Jiading, Qingpu and other counties and cities, and joins Huangpu River near Shanghai Waibaidu Bridge. The total length is 125 km, the average river width is about 40 ~ 50 meters, the average flow is only 10 cubic meter per second, and the dry season is close to zero. At low water level, the water depth is about 2 meters, which is the main waterway from Shanghai to southern Jiangsu and an important waterway in Shanghai. ?
Suzhou River was not originally called Suzhou River. According to the Book of History of the Warring States, Suzhou River was called Songjiang at that time. Its water potential is huge, "Fan Jiang, who flows into the sea alone, is blasphemous"; Because fish and shrimp are all over the river, the net catches the fence, and it is crowned with the word "Shanghai", which is called the Tiger Capital. Its clear water is far better than Xin 'anjiang in the vision of Tang Dynasty poet Pi Rixiu. "The first snow in Songling is clean, and there is no new fear at the bottom; There is nothing beside the boat, and obviously there are a lot of fish left. " This is a poem that the poet praises her. ?
In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, it was recorded that Cao Cao intended to entertain guests with "Wu Songjiang Bass". Because Songjiang was located in the territory of the State of Wu at that time, it was also recorded as "Songjiang Bass of the State of Wu". In the middle Tang Dynasty, Du Fu wrote a poem "Chopping Wusong River", and the name "Wusong River" first appeared. After the opening of Shanghai, British expatriates sailed up the Wusong River and arrived in Suzhou, hence the name Suzhou River. By 1848, Wu Shujiang was officially written as "Suzhou River" for the first time when Shanghai Daotong signed an agreement with the British consul in Shanghai to expand the British concession. Suzhou River is the common name of Wusong River entering Shanghai. In any official literature, the name of Suzhou Creek is still Wusongjiang. According to Ma Changlin, a researcher at Shanghai Archives, Suzhou River belongs to Taihu Lake system. Before the opening of Shanghai, Suzhou River was always called Wusong River, but after the opening of Shanghai, foreigners found that they could take a boat from this river to Suzhou, so it was called Suzhou River. However, the official information of China has always called this river Wusong River, so the name Wusong River has not changed. But according to custom, the upper reaches of Wusong River are called Wusong River, with xin jing in the north as the boundary, so are the locals, while the lower reaches of Wusong River, east of Beixinjing, enter Shanghai, and Shanghainese call it Suzhou River. ?
According to historical records, Songjiang (now Suzhou River), Dongjiang and Loujiang in ancient times are the three main drainage channels of Taihu Lake, among which Suzhou River is the most important. In the Tang Dynasty, the Dongjiang and Loujiang rivers were shallowly silted, while the Suzhou River was 10 km wide and the water potential was huge. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the width of Suzhou River remained at 1.8km due to the accumulation of coastal beaches. The lower reaches of Suzhou River in Yuan Dynasty were only fifty or seventy meters wide, which was a very small river. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Suzhou River basin was flooded, and the water potential was improved after diversion and sluice construction. 1569, Governor Hai Rui presided over the dredging of Suzhou Creek, which changed the concept that Huangpu River is a tributary of Suzhou Creek in history, determined the status of Suzhou Creek as a tributary of Huangpu River, and basically formed Suzhou Creek today. ?
Wusong River is the oldest and longest river and waterway in Shanghai history. Songjiang was called Songling River and Lize River in ancient times, also known as Suzhou River. Yu Zhongchu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty said, "Today, the Taihu Lake is injected to the east as Songjiang, and the next 70 miles of water is diverted, with Loujiang in the northeast and Dongjiang in the southeast." Wusong River was the largest river-sea passage in Shanghai during the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. Song said, "The old road of Wusong Ancient River is deep and wide, which can release thousands of rivers." Qinglong Town on the south bank (now Qingpu District) is called the first commercial port in the south of the Yangtze River. Due to the construction of Wusongtang Road on the east bank of Taihu Lake, the number of water retaining structures in the upper reaches increased and the coastline in the lower reaches moved eastward. Coupled with blind reclamation, Wusong River was repeatedly dredged and silted, and gradually narrowed. "It was twenty li wide in the Tang Dynasty, nine li wide in the Song Dynasty, and then gradually narrowed down to five li, three li and one li." Tomorrow, in the second year of Shunshun (1458), Cui Gong dredged Wusong River and Qin Long for three years (1569), and Hairui dredged the silt in the lower reaches of Shanghai Beach, gradually forming Suzhou River in today's urban area, and Wusong River became a tributary of Huangpu River.