Ma Wang, the beautiful Binting Avenue on the east bank of Xiangjiang River in Xiangyin County? Lot (the back door of the former county government compound, now the west end of Yue Zhouyao Commercial Street), stands an antique tower, which is the "Yue Zhouyao Ruins Museum" built in 2003.
Opening the middle door is a spacious and bright hall, and people are greeted by the "Yue Zhouyao Ji" carved in black Mongolian stone on the front wall and the showcase of Yue Zhouyao exquisite utensils. In the center of the hall, a small stainless steel guardrail protects a large glass cover 4 meters long and 3 meters wide. Through the glass cover and turn on the floor lamp, a Sui Dynasty dragon kiln from north to south appears in front of us: rows of saggers and sagger towels arranged neatly, shining with the glory of ancient civilization.
1June, 1997, the county government built a dormitory building here, and found a large number of celadon fragments piled up when digging the footing. After reporting to the cultural relics department, the county cultural management office sent people to investigate and identify a large number of unearthed cultural relics. This is a site of Sui Dynasty celadon kiln. Hunan Institute of Archaeology sent an excavation team to conduct a three-month rescue excavation together with Xiangyin Cultural Management Institute, and achieved fruitful results.
A large number of celadon vessels and saggers are buried in the cultural layer about 6 meters deep, of which more than 700 are complete and relatively complete, thousands can be repaired, and there are more than 40 kinds of recognizable bowls, cups, bowls, cups, four-series pots, cornice altars, multi-foot inkstones and lotus statues. The glaze color is rich in bean green and shrimp green, and the glaze color is crystal clear, with lines, glaze F stippling and carving. Under-glaze color painting can be found in bowls, bowls' mouths and utensils in the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is the beginning of under-glaze color painting in Changsha (Tongguan) kiln, about 30 kilometers away from the kiln site.
A kiln head of Longyao in Sui Dynasty is 8 meters long and 2 meters wide, with an inclination of about 20. The kiln walls are stacked with square bricks, and the kiln is covered with 25 rows of saggers with different shapes (8 in each row). This shows that a variety of advanced filling and combustion methods were adopted at that time. There are three fire paths and a brick and wood storage pit in the kiln head. Sagger attached to the Eastern Jin artifacts, smaller than the Sagger of Sui Dynasty. Therefore, the ceramic research field pushed the sagger burning method pioneered by Xiangyin kiln to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Sagger firing method is adopted to prevent direct contact between products and kiln fire, avoid pollution and adhesion, and make products heated evenly, which not only improves the yield, but also makes the glaze bright and beautiful. This is a revolution in the ceramic industry and the greatest contribution of Xiangyin kiln to the development of celadon.
A sagger with the word "official" engraved on its inner bottom was unearthed in the pile at the upper part of the Dragon Kiln in Sui Dynasty, and a round cake bowl from Southern Dynasties to Jin Dynasty was unearthed in the pile at the lower part of the Dragon Kiln in Sui Dynasty, with the word "Taiguan" printed on its inner bottom. "Taiguan", that is, "Taiguan decree", is the court in charge of diet, tea fruit and wine making. According to this, it can be concluded that the kiln is dedicated to the imperial court and government, with the nature of official kiln.
The study of Yue Zhouyao has always been a topic of great concern in the field of cultural relics and archaeology in Hunan. In the Tea Classic written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, he wrote: "The porcelain of Bowl, Yuezhou, Dingzhou, Wuzhou, Yuezhou, Shouzhou and Hongzhou Yuezhou are all green, and green is beneficial to tea. Tea is red and white, china white in Xingzhou is dark brown, Shouzhou porcelain is yellow and dark brown, and Hongzhou porcelain is brown and dark brown. It can be seen that Yue Zhouyao was one of the six famous kilns at that time, appreciated by Lu Yu, Cha Sheng, and was given a high status. But where Yue Zhouyao is, there is no exact record in history. Since the founding of New China, the Hunan Provincial Cultural Relics Department has done a lot of work to find Yue Zhouyao kiln site. In recent years, 26 celadon kiln sites have been found on both sides of Xiangjiang River in Xiangyin County, including Tiejiaozui Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhu Qing Temple Eastern Han Dynasty, Wenxing Town Jin and Tang Dynasties, Lulintan Sui and Tang Dynasties, Baimei Village Song and Yuan Dynasties and Wulongzui Song and Ming Dynasties. It is consistent with the folklore that there is a kiln nest in Xiangyin and a kiln before Xiangyin. In particular, the cultural relics of Zhu Qing Temple in Chengguan Town, such as the kiln site of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the kiln site of the Jin and Tang Dynasties, occupied the riverside, hills and kiln sites about 5 kilometers east of Xiangjiang River in the county, which lasted for more than 1500 years.
Ma Wang? The rescue excavation of the kiln site caused a great sensation at that time: in addition to the reports of many newspapers across the country, it also attracted the attention of experts in the ceramic industry and the provincial party Committee and government. When the excavation work reached its climax, Mr. Gong He, a famous national ceramic research expert, came to Xiangyin. They carefully inspected the excavation site, carefully watched and touched the unearthed cultural relics, and they couldn't put it down and were full of praise. Zheng Peimin, then deputy secretary of Hunan Provincial Party Committee, and Wen Xuande, then propaganda minister of Hunan Provincial Party Committee, visited the site. While fully affirming the excavation results, Zheng Peimin wrote the inscription "Huxiang culture has a long history", and Wen Xuande left "Yue Zhouyao, the jewel of China". In 2003, more than 50 delegates came to Xiangyin for the Changsha Annual Meeting and Academic Seminar of China Ancient Ceramics Society12003. Some experts wrote an inscription for it, and Mr. Gong wrote an inscription for "New Life of Ancient Kilns". Mr. Li Huibing wrote an inscription: "Yue Porcelain Treasure".
Yue Zhouyao cultural relics add a beautiful and charming style to Xiangyin, an ancient and mysterious county.
On 20 19, Yue Zhouyao site was included in the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.