The origin and evolution of handball
1926, on the tombstone relief of the wall of Deputis near Greece, the game scene of "handball" which is very similar to the modern handball in the 8th century BC was depicted for the entertainment of dignitaries.
It is said that the origin of handball has nothing to do with the content and rules of the game. The Urana game played by the ancient Greeks described by Homer in the Odyssey, the Ha paston game played by Roman doctors from A.D. 130 to 200, and the catch game mentioned by German lyric poets all contain this feature similar to the ancient modern handball game.
The rudiment of modern handball originated from the earliest game similar to handball. 1848 holger, Danish sports commissioner and middle school physical education teacher? Holger, held a "handball competition" in the second school of Otrup. At that time, there was a goal at each end of the stadium. Both sides passed the ball and shot with their hands, which was called "handball". Holger. Nelson is known as "the father of handball". Modern handball originated in Europe. According to some records, handball started at 1895. 1897, an outdoor handball competition was held in Nybrog, Denmark. 1906, Denmark published Nelson's handball rules, which are the earliest handball rules that have appeared at present and gradually spread from Denmark, Germany, Sweden and other countries. 2. The development of handball According to historical records, 1925, the first international handball competition was held between Germany and Austria. The following year, Germany held an international handball competition.
During the 9th Olympic Games from 65438 to 0928, the International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was established. One of the founders is Avery from America? Brundage (1887.9.28 ~1975.5.7) later became the fifth president of the international Olympic Committee (1952 ~ 1972).
From 65438 to 0936, the International Amateur Handball Federation has 23 member countries (or regions). 1946, at the initiative and invitation of Denmark and Sweden, eight countries, namely Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland, jointly established the International Handball Federation (IHF for short), and set 1 July 19461day as the founding day.
Handball spread from Central Europe to Northern and Eastern Europe. It was introduced into Africa from southern Europe in the 1940s. In 1950s, it was launched in America and Asia, and then it rose around the world. Handball has been rapidly promoted and popularized in Europe, and is deeply loved by people in Nordic countries such as Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland.
However, because Northern Europe is located in the northern cold zone, influenced by climate and seasons, the summer time is short and the winter time is long. At that time, 1 1 outdoor handball could not be played in the harsh winter in northern Europe, so people moved handball indoors and began to try to train and hold competitions indoors. And the rules of handball were revised, and the number of indoor handball competitions was set at 7. In handball competition, there are wonderful techniques such as throwing to the ground and shooting, and fast break is added to tactics.
Because it is not affected by the weather, its skills are skillful and changeable, its tactics are flexible and changeable, its attack and defense are frequent, and its competition is fierce. Handball develops very rapidly and soon becomes popular all over the world. The men's handball sevens championship (also called indoor handball indoor tournament) was held in 1938, and the second one was held in 1954 because of the war. 1958 will be held every three years after the third session; 1970 will be held every four years. 1993, it will be held every two years. At present, there are 24 teams participating in the World Men's Handball Championship.
The Women's Sevens World Handball Championship was held in February 2005 in Russia 1957 to 17. The competition system is basically the same as the men's competition, with 24 teams participating.
The World Men's and Women's Handball Championships are held in the same year (odd years). The general men's championship is held at the beginning of the year and the women's championship is held at the end of the year. According to the quota allocated by FIBA, the participants were qualified through the qualifiers held on all continents.
The development history of handball in Olympic Games
Handball is an official event in the modern Olympic Games. In Berlin 1 1 Olympic Games, men's handball 1 1 was listed as an official Olympic event for the first time, and then it was interrupted. 1965 At the Executive Committee of the Olympic Committee held in Spain, handball entered the Olympic Games again after 36 years.
Men's handball sevens was listed as an official Olympic event in the 20th Olympic Games held in Munich, the former Federal Republic of Germany on 1972. 1976 At the 2 1 Olympic Games held in Montreal, Canada, women's handball was listed as an official Olympic event. Up to now, the Olympic Games has held 10 men's handball competitions and 8 women's handball competitions.
To participate in the Olympic handball competition, you need to pass the Olympic qualifiers, and the specific competition mode of the qualifiers is decided by FIBA. In the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008, there were 12 teams for men and women.
international handball federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) has been established for nearly 60 years, during which it has experienced several ups and downs, and its president has changed five times. The current chairman is Egyptian Hassan? Dr Mustafa, the Secretary General is Swiss Peter? Mullematt.
The International Handball Federation has been committed to the development of handball, actively advocating the spirit of handball, vigorously promoting handball around the world, and striving to maintain the purity of handball. According to statistics, by the end of March 2006, the International Handball Federation had 156 member countries (including regions). There are 167 countries and regions in the world that play handball, and there are about190,000 athletes and 795,000 teams in the world. FIBA is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland.
FIBA established Hans from 1972. The Berman trophy. Is the highest honor award of FIBA, with Hans? Mr. Booman was named in memory of the late second president of FIBA. The trophy is only awarded to the International Handheld Member Federation. Hans? The Booman Cup is presented to the member associations that have made special contributions to the development of handball in China and/or the world at the biennial General Assembly of the International Handball Federation. Up to now, 16 countries and regions in Europe, Africa, Asia and South America have won awards.
1988, the International Handball Federation selected the best athletes in the world. Founded by the International Handball Federation and Adidas Company, it has been selected for 14. This award is mainly based on the players' annual performance in European clubs and is elected by secret ballot.
The second type
Handball is a fast, continuous and intense antagonistic ball collective event.
When watching the game, it is generally necessary to enter the stadium in advance, which is the minimum respect for athletes, coaches and referees; Behave in a civilized manner and dress appropriately; Do not use insulting language or litter in the venue; Drinks and food should be packed in soft bags, and garbage should be taken out in convenient bags or paper bags. Pay attention to properly control your emotions and don't lose control.
In the game, the transition between attack and defense is fleeting. In the fierce confrontation, the two sides have frequent physical contact. As long as the player with the ball is not out of balance, he can still control the ball and continue to attack, and the referee will not interrupt the game.
In the fierce handball competition, the tense atmosphere on the field will strongly infect the audience, and at the same time, the audience should applaud the athletes' tenacious fighting spirit on the field.
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