When it comes to the history of China, people will think of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, the Central Plains and Jiangnan. Indeed, the civilizations of China and China all developed around these rivers and regions. However, we can't forget the grassland desert in the northwest and the white mountains and black waters in the northeast. After all, the people on horseback there have been influencing the land of China.

Different from the farming people in the Central Plains, the economy of the Great Wall and the customs is built on horseback, and nomadic or safari is their cornerstone. This determines the different development of the two. Farming ethnic groups are economically stable and suitable for social life, thus establishing a real civilization. Most ancient civilizations were established by farming peoples. They grow crops, have a stable harvest, have savings, and don't even need all people to farm, so technicians, businessmen and even nobles are born, and cities are established. Different from the nomadic people on the grassland, they live by grazing and their economy is extremely unstable. An ordinary natural disaster can bring a tribe to the brink of destruction. They are vast and sparsely populated. In fact, it is difficult for their economy to support a population like a farming people. From a modern point of view, the best choice for those nomads is to put down the shepherd's whip and pick up the hoe, which is indeed the course of early human development. But there are still many people who don't go to the countryside, but stay on the grassland and continue to be herders.

There are sandstorms in modern times, but there are no good weather, sandstorms, snowstorms and plagues on ancient grasslands. A casual disaster can put nomadic tribes in a desperate situation. Even without these disasters, their lives are still more difficult than the nobles in the city and the farmers in the fields. Grassland can only produce horses, sheep and cattle, which may solve the problem of food and clothing, but it cannot solve more demand. There is no tea, cloth and metal on the grassland. Only those who have established civilization in the city have them, and they need them, but the city people are not so eager for things on the grassland, and the exchange is still going on, but this is unfair, at least the herdsmen think so, and the city people have deceived themselves. This is like the third world countries facing the developed countries after the emergence of industrial civilization. Moreover, the problem is more serious. Now third world countries can not import things from developed countries, and they will not starve to death. However, herders have to give up things in the city. Herdsmen are getting poorer and poorer. They think the people in the city are too cunning, but when they can't stand it, they finally rush to the city and the place with civilized farming. Different from modern developed countries and third world countries, ancient economy and military were antagonistic. Agricultural civilization is economically developed, but the military is far less than nomadic people, especially nomadic cavalry.

Ok, let's go back to the topic of China. The Central Plains, the birthplace of Chinese civilization, is not far from the grassland and has been harassed by nomadic people. Even the capital of the Zhou Dynasty was breached by dogs. It's really scary. The rulers of the Central Plains have always had a headache. The fighting capacity of nomadic cavalry is higher than that of farming people. A hand with a hoe is not as good as a hand with a whip and an arrow. The relatively rich life makes farmers less physically and enterprising than nomadic people who fight for survival. In fact, the early nobles were warriors who specialized in combat, but even these warriors could not be compared with nomadic people. Only by virtue of technical advantages, such as weapons that nomads don't have, such as crossbows and fine armor, can they gain the upper hand slightly. However, the upper hand is very unstable. Nomads are all soldiers and cavalry, and they move quite quickly. We should not only have an advantage in number, but also spend enough money to build a special combat force against them. This requires a strong economy and organization as a guarantee.

Fortunately, farming civilization still has advantages for nomadic tribes, not in combat effectiveness, but in organizational system. After all, farming civilization is far superior in quantity and economy, and it can be integrated with only one organizational system.

Legend has it that China civilization is in water conservancy. By the way, it was Dayu who jointly set up an organization in water conservancy, and then the family inheritance system made this system begin to be established. In our view, that system was naturally outdated, but at that time, it could ensure that a country, Qi Xin, would work together to fight abroad without having to fight an internal scuffle every time the former monarch died. And this is what nomads lack most.

Central Plains civilization, especially after Qin Shihuang, has established a fairly systematic organizational system. The power of the king is not only the mastery of force, but also the ideological and institutional support, especially the latter, which is the most lacking of nomadic people. Nomads believe in the practice that fist decides everything and force decides everything. Their strength is more consumed in the struggle for internal power, and the Central Plains civilization is also happy to see it, because the energy of nomadic people is internally consumed and the threat to the Central Plains is getting smaller and smaller. Both the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty made great efforts to split the Huns and Turks. Even in other generations, rulers used this method to prevent the threat of grassland. (This is not only in China, but also in ancient Rome for barbarians. )

Let's talk about the Han dynasty first. Every time the Central Plains infighting, it is the best opportunity for nomadic people to rectify and develop. The powerful Qin Dynasty perished, and the nomadic people in the north were finally unified by the Huns after several large-scale wars. The powerful Xiongnu Empire was established. This is the first grassland empire in history that has an advantage over the Central Plains. The empire controlled the whole of Central Asia, and the Han Dynasty had to bow its arrogant head to please her in this way.

Fortunately, the foundation of this Xiongnu empire is weak, and the whole Xiongnu empire is subject to Khan, but other than that, it has not established a complete organizational structure. Once Khan died, it would take some struggle to inherit, and the Huns themselves did not establish a complete culture. If the Huns had destroyed the Han Dynasty, they would not have been able to rule the Central Plains. The most likely thing is to split the Central Plains like the Roman Empire, and they themselves will slowly split and dissolve into various ethnic groups. The most typical example is that the Huns destroyed the Roman Empire in Europe, but could not establish their own empire. Attila split immediately after her death, and I believe it will be the same in China.

The Xiongnu empire was built on the basis of plundering the fruits of others' labor. It is a tragedy that he can't build a civilization by himself. Of course, this doesn't mean that he can't destroy other people's civilization, just as they destroyed the civilization of ancient Rome. Fortunately, they are facing the Han Dynasty.

Now we are talking about China's prosperous times, and we should talk about Han and Tang Dynasties. Although I don't think the Song and Ming dynasties were very bad in actual combat ability, we really have to admit that the fighting capacity of the Han Dynasty was extremely strong at that time.

As mentioned above, aristocrats actually evolved from soldiers. Indeed, in the Spring and Autumn Period, battles were mainly fought among nobles to show their bravery and dominance, or the honor of nobles. (Kind of like Japanese samurai and European knights) The nobles are brave and fearless. During the Warring States period, the fighting was dominated by civilians, but this spirit remained. Later, the Qin dynasty dominated the six countries by force, and the Han dynasty followed the Qin dynasty. As far as martial arts are concerned, the Han Dynasty is not as comfortable as the Song and Ming Dynasties or even the Tang Dynasty. The martial spirit symbolizes honor and discipline in a sense, and a country like Germany is also extremely martial. The miracle of Germany has to be said to have this spiritual relationship, but the martial spirit is a bit out of place with the civilian culture. After all, their values are different. )

Not only on the spiritual level, the scientific and technological level of weapons and equipment in the Central Plains during the Han Dynasty was much higher than that of Xiongnu, which was backward in science and technology and needed to import many items from the Central Plains. When the Han Dynasty fought against the Huns, it was quite effective to ban the importation of iron tools into the Huns. Xiongnu's equipment can only be snatched and redeemed from smugglers at a high price, which greatly weakens Xiongnu's combat effectiveness. (In fact, this trick has been used throughout the ages. As soon as relations with foreign countries are not good, import and export are prohibited and trade embargoes are imposed. It has been tried and tested. Every time the peace treaty between nomadic people and the Central Plains is started, it is required to open trade places such as mutual markets. This is the same reason that developed countries are now imposing embargoes on underdeveloped countries. )

Even so, the Huns were a superpower. In fact, it was the most powerful enemy faced by the Central Plains regime before the rise of Mongolia. Even the Turks in the Tang Dynasty are not comparable, and Manchuria is not worth mentioning. Moreover, nomadic people are the advantages of soldiers, which makes the countries fighting with them pay a huge price. The training and equipment cost of a Han Dynasty soldier is incomparable to that of Xiongnu soldiers.

Originally, the Han dynasty had a good chance to quickly solve the battle and disintegrate the Xiongnu regime. That was Mayi ambush. If the ambush is successful, if we can't destroy the main force of Xiongnu, we can only destroy the core of Khan's rule. In this way, there will be chaos within the Huns. If the Han Dynasty is tempted to divide again, it will be much more convenient to fight, just like the Tang Dynasty raided East Turkistan, captured Khan alive, and got the western Xinjiang in one fell swoop. Unfortunately, the ambush failed. (The first time Khan was destroyed, he had to wait until the raid, so he contributed as much to the Han Dynasty as Huo and Wei. ) caused a large-scale all-round war between the Huns and the Han Dynasty. Just like the modern all-round war, the Han Dynasty completely overwhelmed the Huns by relying on the advantages of comprehensive national strength.

Not only that, in the Han Dynasty, whether it was the Western Han Dynasty or the Eastern Han Dynasty, foreigners were controlled by foreigners, and the remnants of Xiongnu and the various regimes in the western regions were divided and attacked. In the end, after the Han Dynasty, the western Xinjiang could no longer harm the Central Plains, which was not done by later dynasties, including the Tang Dynasty.

In fact, even in the Wei Dynasty, the Central Plains occupied a complete advantage over the nomadic people in the west, and so did the early Jin Dynasty. The famous Wuluanhua was attracted by nomadic people not so much because of the power vacuum caused by the Eight Kings Rebellion. This time, there is something wrong with the organizational structure of the Central Plains.

However, even so, the organizational structure of nomadic people is not ready to March into the Central Plains. Among the nomadic people who entered the Central Plains, Xiongnu is the most organized and the longest-lived. It is also the leader of Xiongnu who defeated the Western Jin Dynasty, but even Xiongnu himself has to use the title of "Han" as a self-deceiving regime. (The Xiongnu leader himself used such an out-and-out China surname as "Liu". It's hard to imagine how many Xiongnu traditions they still have. )

Xiongnu entered the Central Plains, but he was not ready to rule the Central Plains. He couldn't control the soldiers below like the Xiongnu Empire, so after the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the five lakes began to split and kill each other.

In history, the Eastern Jin Dynasty is an era that is often neglected, but in fact, we should thank the Eastern Jin Dynasty. If it hadn't been for the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the later Southern Dynasties for so many years, the Central Plains civilization would probably be destroyed like the ancient Roman civilization.

In fact, it is indeed a miracle that the Eastern Jin Dynasty can support for so many years, especially the fighting capacity of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is surprising. After that, the Southern Song Dynasty was called the richest period in history, but it was at a disadvantage to Jinmeng in the north, but the Eastern Jin maintained its advantage to the north to some extent. Zu Ti, Huan Wen and Emperor Wu of Song made brilliant achievements in the Northern Expedition. It should be noted that in the Three Kingdoms period not long ago, Soochow was mainly to resist the north.

Among them, there is naturally a relationship that the Eastern Jin Dynasty has not regressed in combat effectiveness compared with before, but the more important reason is the advantage of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in organizational system. Although the Eastern Jin regime was unstable, there were frequent rebellions, and the royal family's influence was not strong (there was infidelity in every northern expedition, except Zu Ti). However, the organizational structure based on the gentry headed by Sima Shi has been established, which is basically a stable regime and an orthodox regime to a certain extent. (The Sixteen Kingdoms Liang and other remote countries respected the Eastern Jin Dynasty as orthodox, and the early Xianbei Murong also respected the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Even Fu Jian, a minister in the pre-Qin period, believed that the destiny was in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, the northern part of China is chaotic, and ethnic struggles continue. Under such circumstances, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is not strong, can reap rich results every time it goes north. In fact, several northern expeditions have the opportunity to recover all the lost land, just because various relationships have not been successful. (The soldiers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were mainly infantry, but even so, they were stronger than those in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, it is wrong to simply attribute the defeat of the Song Dynasty to the weakness of infantry against cavalry. )

When Fu Jian unified the north, it was much stronger than the Eastern Jin Dynasty. But before he died, Wang Meng said to Fu Jian, "Although the Eastern Jin Dynasty was far away in the south of the Yangtze River, it inherited the orthodoxy of the Jin Dynasty, and now the court is peaceful. After my death, your majesty shall not attack the state of Jin. Our opponents are Xianbei people and Qiang people, and keeping them will always be a future trouble. In order to ensure the security of Qin, it must be removed. "

Wang Meng is a very outstanding politician. He sees things clearly. He clearly saw that although the former Qin unified the north, it was not stable. Fu Jian's kindness to all ethnic groups is his personal demeanor, but it also leads to the complexity of internal power relations. All ethnic groups in the pre-Qin dynasty had infidelity and unbalanced organization, which was suppressed only because the pre-Qin dynasty was smooth sailing. This happened to be the advantage of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Although the strength of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is not strong, the organizational structure has been stable after a period of time. From this point of view, it is not wrong to call the Eastern Jin Dynasty orthodox. ) If we confront the Eastern Jin Dynasty without integration, even if we win, it will probably lead to the expansion of the ambitions of all ethnic groups in the country and their independence.

There were some lucky elements in the battle of Feishui, but the collapse of the former Qin Dynasty was caused by itself. Comparing the Battle of Feishui with Battle of Red Cliffs, we can see that from a purely military point of view, Cao Cao's loss at Feishui was no less than that of Fu Jian, but Cao Cao's northern part was not greatly affected, and he soon recovered his strength. The former Qin Dynasty fell apart because of World War I, which shows that the former Qin Dynasty is a very fragile organization. (After that, China suffered such defeats in all previous dynasties, but the defeated country did not have such consequences, especially in the case of the main attack. )

The organization in the north was really improved, and it was not completely sinicized until the establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and its organizational structure was gradually integrated by adopting the Han ruling system. After that, the confrontation between the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasties and the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties was a hegemony war within the organization and did not affect the foundation of their organizational structure. However, at that time, the north could not be called a nomadic people, and it was completely sinicized. (But even so, the organizational structure of the Northern Dynasties cannot be said to be completely superior to that of the Southern Dynasties. Although the strength of the Northern Dynasties has been declining from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the real strength of the Northern Dynasties is completely higher than that of the Southern Dynasties. That will have to wait until Hou Jing chaos beam, the basic cremation of the Liang dynasty was completely destroyed in this battle. The Liang dynasty was destroyed by the Chen dynasty, and the descendants of the royal family of the Liang dynasty defected to the north. At this time, the north has occupied an absolute advantage over the south, but even so, Emperor Wendi of Sui was cautious about Chen, but Chen at that time)

After hundreds of years of war, the Sui and Tang Dynasties were established. It is a half-blood dynasty, but in terms of organizational structure and culture, it is a Central Plains dynasty that completely inherited the Han and Jin dynasties. At this time, the Central Plains culture still has to face the challenge of nomadic people, but now nomadic people are not Huns, but Turks.

Before we begin, let's take a look at the organizational system. Many people don't understand why hundreds of thousands of ethnic minorities, such as Manchuria and Mongolia, can enslave the Han nationality for so many years, why the populous Central Plains regime has to cope with hundreds of thousands of border grazing on the grassland, and why countless civilian prisoners of war in Nanjing have committed suicide without rising up to resist. In fact, the reason is very simple, and the problem lies in the organization.

Humans live in groups, and in groups, the ability of individuals is negligible. The legendary "ten thousand beheadings" can only appear in novels, and it is very good for ordinary people to deal with a few people. But if the group is unorganized and just a general rabble, the strength will not be superimposed but will drop sharply. The army is the most organized and efficient group in human society. In the face of organized troops, the unorganized actions of ordinary civilians are completely useless. Therefore, the huge population base of the Central Plains regime can only be used as a symbol of economic strength and reserve forces, and its combat effectiveness is not much higher than that of hundreds of thousands of nomadic fighting groups.

Fortunately, the Central Plains regime has always had an advantage in the overall organizational system. Let's talk about the general organizational system first. It's actually quite simple. When we have a job and enter the company, we must be under the jurisdiction of the boss. If the company is big, it must be divided into levels, such as how many managers are in charge, how many managers are in charge, and how many supervisors are in charge of the general manager. Only in this way can we ensure the consistency of the company as a whole. At this point, the Central Plains regime will unite the whole nation through system and culture. This is that nomadic people are mostly tribal alliances, and their organizations are loose and cannot be compared with the Central Plains regime. Although the Xiongnu Empire and the Turkic Empire can be strongly integrated, they are easily split without the guarantee of economic and cultural systems.

Why is it easy to be divided? This has something to do with the economy of nomadic people. Most nomadic people are scattered and gather when necessary. This decentralized nomadic way always divides nomadic people into countless tribes, and each tribe has its own independence. Unless it is strong, it will be able to integrate them. The farming culture of the Central Plains regime is suitable for management. Therefore, nomadic people can't change their ways as long as they are on the grassland. Similarly, the Central Plains regime can't apply its own ruling methods to the grassland. Stationing troops in the fields in the Han Dynasty was the most effective way to ensure its own system, but as long as nomadic people were nomadic people, it was impossible to localize them. On the contrary, they came to the central plains, and the farming economy determined that they could only survive if they were sinicized or Zhongyuan. Of course, there are also more or less Chinese, less in Mongolia and more in Manchuria. But on the whole, the system in the Central Plains is more advanced than the nomadic system. In the past, there was no environment for implementation on the grassland. When it was not used in the Central Plains, the rulers had problems. (In addition, the instability of the inheritance system of the Huns and Turks is also one of the problems that are easy to split. The fundamental reason is that their scattered strength makes it impossible for a person to inherit all the strength, but later the Khitan Nuzhen solved this problem well. )

This is also the case. Khitan's acquisition of sixteen states in Youyun is not only geographically simple, but also a peaceful and thorough acceptance of the establishment of the Central Plains. In particular, this organizational system is supported by the economic base of sixteen states in Youyun, which is different from the previous dynasties. The past dynasties either could not enter the Central Plains and could not bear the economic impact of the Central Plains at all, or entered it in the form of war, which caused great economic losses. After the nomads came in, they carried out long-term reconstruction, that is, long-term sinicization. This enabled him to gradually integrate his nomadic people with the institutional culture of the Central Plains. His system of South Campus was to maintain the sinicized nature of the sixteen countries in Youyun, and not only that, the inheritance system of Qidan began to be sinicized. From this moment on, the balance of fate tilted towards nomadic people.

At this time, we may wonder why the people in the sixteen states of Youyun don't rise up and resist, but we can use guerrilla warfare. In fact, this is the same as the Jin-Meng-Qing invasion, except that there is no organization. Mongolia, what is the symbol of the victory of the Qing Dynasty? It was not that they wiped out all the people who resisted, but that they wiped out the organized resistance of the Song and Ming regimes. To rule and take over a country is not to kill all of them. No matter how strong the soldiers are, it is useless to destroy their original organizational core strength and establish their own core strength. For example, if the leader above the director of a company resigns, the company will suddenly fall into chaos. At this time, banks or others only need to deal with the relationship between the middle class, and there is no need to talk to all employees one by one. By the same token, Meng Qing only needs to solve the core class of the Song and Ming Dynasties, and then take over with the original system, so as to ensure the management of the middle class. So, on the surface, hundreds of thousands of people in the Qing Dynasty replaced tens of millions of people in the Song and Ming Dynasties. In fact, the core class has changed. Moreover, ethnic minorities are ruled by the whole family, and these hundreds of thousands of ruling classes are much more than the royal family of Han nationality. )

This is also the reason why guerrilla warfare cannot be fought. Imagine if the National Government and Yan 'an were wiped out during the Anti-Japanese War, who would lead those guerrillas? We can only fight separately, waiting to be destroyed. Moreover, guerrilla warfare needs the support of modern communication technology. In ancient times, only one rumor was needed to distract everyone.

However, the strength of nomadic people does not necessarily need the collapse of the Central Plains regime as a price. If the Central Plains regime can still maintain the strength of the original Han and Tang Dynasties, it is a pity that the Song Dynasty overcorrected it.

The separatist forces in the Tang Dynasty had a great influence. The founders of the Song Dynasty were determined to solve this split situation with a perfect system, and they must concentrate their power in the hands of the central authorities.

China is full of talented people, and the Song Dynasty soon found this prescription, that is, valuing literature over martial arts, restraining soldiers and governing the world with civilian officials.

To tell the truth, this recipe is really good. If there are no powerful foreigners, then this way can really ensure the continuation of good literati politics in the domestic political situation. The crux of the matter is that this powerful foreign nation has existed since the establishment of the Song Dynasty and has been torturing the Song Dynasty.

The individual combat effectiveness of the Song Dynasty was not much weaker than that of the Han and Tang Dynasties. Now it is often said that cavalry held Song Jun back, but the problem is that the Song Dynasty was not due to financial difficulties, especially before the establishment of Xixia, Song Jun did not lack the source of chariots and horses, and the fact that Song Jun was dominated by infantry did not mean that there were no cavalry. Moreover, Song Jun has a considerable advantage in military technology, so why did Song Jun face Liao, Jin and Song, but it was defeated repeatedly?

The problem lies in the system of the Song Dynasty. Because of the separatist regime in the Tang Dynasty, it was true that the Song Dynasty restricted the military power, but once the restriction turned into repression, there was a problem. You can control the salaries of soldiers, limit the military's interference in politics, and limit the arbitrary expansion of the army, but you must never attack soldiers and make them inferior. Originally, soldiers could not do this job casually. They work hard and their lives are in danger. The status of soldiers in Han and Tang dynasties was quite high, and the war reward was rich, while the status of soldiers in Song dynasty plummeted. The Song army was huge and well-skilled, but it had no fighting capacity. "Heroes don't serve as soldiers", and social elites gather around literati. Moreover, there is another great use of conscription in the Song Dynasty, that is, recruiting unemployed people, fearing that they will cause trouble, which is equivalent to spending money to support them, and also likes to engrave on soldiers' faces, clearly treating soldiers as thieves. As far as the officers at the core of the organization are concerned, no matter how many people kill the enemy, they can't compete with them to become the first, and even have the suspicion of outstanding military achievements. On the contrary, it is easy to be mediocre. With the core of the organization, how strong can we expect the army to be? It may be ok to deal with domestic thieves, but it is vulnerable to the real army.

At this time, Liao was destroyed by Jin, and the demise of Liao really had little to do with the alliance between the Northern Song Dynasty and Jin. Even if there is no alliance between the two countries, Liao will be destroyed by gold, which is only a matter of time. However, an empire stronger than Liao appeared in front of Song.

The rise of gold in the northeast, the rise of this empire is really dazzling, and its combat power is amazing. Liao country was not too weak at that time, entirely because of the strong strength of gold. Among them, Nuzhen's powerful learning ability is amazing, unlike the nomadic people on the northwest grassland, who absorbed and digested more advanced cultures than themselves so quickly. You know, in the primitive tribal times not long ago, As mentioned above, Liao has been highly localized, but compared with Jin. Just kidding, it is said that Jurchen lives by hunting, which is even worse than nomadic people who sometimes herd sheep, haha.

Jurchen has the fighting capacity of nomadic people, is good at absorbing other people's cultures, and especially has amazing organizational skills. The organizational system of Jin State and later Qing State did not look perfect. Taking the Eight Banners system as an example, the strength of each flag owner is relatively independent, which easily leads to internal division after the death of the former ruler, and so does the collegiate bench system in the early Jin Dynasty. However, they all survived such difficulties and quickly localized their organizational structures. Of course, as mentioned above, the change of their economic base after they came to the Central Plains determined their fate of sinicization, and the Chinese system was indeed conducive to rule.

Xu Jin's invasion of the south may have been planned for a long time, or is it just a temporary idea? It's hard to say. After the destruction of Liao, the State of Jin had to digest its own achievements for a period of time. Moreover, when Akuta was alive, the State of Jin maintained a friendly attitude towards the Song Dynasty until Akuta died, and the State of Jin and the Song Dynasty became enemies.

The Song Dynasty's foreign aggression reflected the imperfection of his organizational system to deal with the crisis. Ministers hold their own words, don't give in to each other, and even quarrel for the sake of quarreling, falling into a complete party struggle without considering reality. In order to support their ideas, they don't hesitate to hold others back. Just like the nomadic people in the past, they split internally first. Let's look at the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty considered attacking Xiongnu, many ministers also opposed it, but once the war officially started, they didn't complain, and they all devoted themselves to fighting Xiongnu. For example, Han Anguo strongly opposed the war with Xiongnu, but once the war started, it still rushed ahead and bravely killed the enemy.

Maybe it's the fault of valuing literature over martial arts. Imperial policies were formulated by literati, but once a war started, it was the generals and ministers who supported the war who made meritorious deeds in killing the enemy. Moreover, the victory of the war also marked their fall from power, and the literati in the Song Dynasty would not lead troops. Unlike the Han and Tang dynasties, many people are literate and armed, and even if their political views are not used, they can still make contributions on the battlefield. However, once their political views are not used, the literati in the Song Dynasty may be demoted to life. In order to prevent this situation, at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the political situation was particularly chaotic and the command was also chaotic, which made it easy for nomadic people to break through Kaifeng.

From the action of the nomads from the army, we can see the importance of the organizational core. In the Song Dynasty, Jin Bing captured most members of the royal family, and even Emperor Gaozong had to find an heir from the Taizu family. If Emperor Gaozong did not escape, there would be no recognized organizational core. After that, it is likely to be broken by Guo Xu. Moreover, Gaozong's organizational ability in his early years was really good, and the Southern Song Dynasty was maintained, which was all due to Gaozong.

On the other hand, the State of Jin is not ready to take over the State of Song completely. Later, they fostered puppet regimes to prepare for their sinicization and full takeover. Remember the puppet regime in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's time? The two are very similar. )

At this time, Song Jun's limited fighting capacity is reflected. Nomads from the army can't control all areas in a short time, which gives Song Jun time to organize. In fact, Song Jun didn't suffer too much. The key is that the ruling core has disappeared, and for a time there is no leader. The establishment of the Southern Song regime gave the Song army a unified organization, which could fight back against the Jin Army. At this time, the organizational strength of the private soldiers is reflected.

The original Song Jun, the soldiers were divided into two ways, the soldiers were poor, and the good and the bad were mixed. Even the best equipment is wasted on a group of rabble who are organized temporarily. However, after the chaos in the early Southern Song Dynasty, all the generals had the power to organize and train the army, and the source of troops was greatly improved because of the call for counterattack, and the military organization was also greatly improved. Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Liu Qi and other troops have strong fighting capacity. In fact, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, most capable soldiers were private soldiers. (that is, to recruit the soldiers of the organization yourself. However, the overall organization of the Southern Song Dynasty has not been improved, and the organizational chaos of the great campaign has always existed, whether for Jin or Mongolia.

Jurchen nationality is a strange nationality. On the one hand, it is extremely Chinese, on the other hand, it tries its best to keep the difference between itself and Han Chinese. Perhaps it can maintain its independence, but its rule over the west is no different from that of the Central Plains regime, that is, divide and rule. However, after the rise of Mongolia, this move did not work.