The wind and cloud have been preserved for a long time.

You are the owner of the brush, a wise general,

But your emperor was defeated and got on the prison car.

It's not easy to be talented in wind music.

However, more unfortunately than the two Shu generals who died in battle,

Although a temple was built for you in your birthplace,

You never finished singing your sacred mountain song. Li Shangyin often expresses his feelings of hurting the world by chanting historical figures. Jia Yi, RoyceWong, Emperor Gaozu and Zhuge Liang are all common themes in his poems. This poem "Bei Tie" and "Wuhou Temple Cooper" are both famous works written by Zhuge Liang. Chu Biyi, a place name, was located in Miangu County, Mianzhou in the Tang Dynasty, in the north of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province. According to legend, Zhuge Liang was stationed here when he attacked Wei, planning military affairs and writing official documents, hence the name "raising a pen". Post means post office. In the ninth year of Dazhong (855), Liu Zhongying ended his appointment as Dongchuan envoy and was hired as assistant minister of the official department. Li Shangyin followed him back to Chang 'an. On the way, after preparing a post, he felt it and wrote this poem about historic sites. Although the theme of this poem is similar to most works praising Zhuge Liang, it also praises his political and military talents, and expresses the regret that "before he can conquer, his death often makes the hero cry". While expressing deep regret for my unfinished business, I also feel that my ambition is not paid. However, it has its own uniqueness in expression and artistic style. Interpretation of the monkey bird is still at your disposal, Fengyun often comes to the post office to protect the poet, and he is in awe of Zhuge Liang's remains: today, more than 600 years later, the monkey bird still hesitates to approach, and it seems that it is still afraid of Zhuge Liang's strict military orders; The wind and cloud are surging, gathering and changing, like guarding the barracks barrier for the ancients for a long time. "Hesitant", the appearance of shrinking. "Bamboo slips", that is, documents, are called because the ancients carved characters on bamboo slips, especially military orders here. "storage", fence, fence, here refers to the barrier of military camp. "Ape Birds" and "Fengyun" as the preparation stickers for real scenes, rendered a solemn atmosphere. Because of the author's admiration for Zhuge Liang, the description of the natural environment is integrated with strong personal feelings. To say that apes and birds are afraid of Zhuge Liang's military orders is to praise his strict management of the army and his military power still exists; To say that Fengyun is still guarding the camp is to affirm that Zhuge Liang is a generation of heroes and Fengyun is still changing color. These two sentences are the futility of reality. Before writing, people saw the power of Zhu Gekongming again. Li Shangyin's two poems are excellent representatives of "a good lyricist, who only writes about the scenery and feels it" ("Hui Feng Hua Ci" in Qing Zhouyi). You are the owner of the brush and a wise general, but your emperor, defeated, is sitting in a prison car. However, what is the use of Zhuge Liang's writing and strategy? Liu Chan, the late ruler who failed to live up to expectations, finally surrendered, became a prisoner and was escorted to Luoyang by a post car. "General", commander in chief of Judah, refers to Zhuge Liang. "Chuanche" is a special vehicle for ancient post stations. It is ironic that the late emperor Liu Chan was sitting in a carriage. In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), Emperor Wei Yuan and Deng Ai attacked Shu, and the family moved eastward. When going out, he also prepared a post. In these two sentences, the poet's feelings suddenly changed from admiration to anger. Despite Zhuge Liang's extraordinary military talent and outstanding political vision, despite his hard work, what will be the final result? After all kinds of admiration, the poet is followed by regret. It is not easy to be talented in wind music. Not as good as the generals of Shu, Guan Zhong was really talented, but Guan Yu and Zhang Fei died early. What can he do? "Wind Music" refers to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, famous ancient politicians and military strategists. Guan Zhong was the prime minister of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, and once helped Qi Huangong achieve success. Le Yi was a famous soldier of Yan State during the Warring States Period. He defeated the powerful Qi State and helped Yan Zhaowang achieve great achievements. When Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Nanyang, he often compared himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi. After coming out of the mountain, it really laid the situation that Wei, Shu and Wu were divided into three parts, and made immortal contributions. The poet said in a positive tone: Zhuge Liang really deserves to be a talent of Guan Zhong and Le Yi. "I'm embarrassed." But then the poet came to another turning point: Zhuge Cai was high, and even with all kinds of abilities and ambitions, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei died early and lost their effective arms. What can we do? My late master was weak, and capable generals died one after another. Zhuge Liang struggled to support the situation under such circumstances. The poet not only feels sorry and sympathy for his weakness and lack of help from God, but also secretly admires his independence and extraordinary ability. Although a temple was built for you in your birthplace, the "Jinli" where you sang the sacred folk songs is located in the south of Chengdu, where the Wuhou Temple was built. Li Shangyin went to pay his respects in the fifth year. Song of Fu Liang is an ancient elegy with sad and generous lyrics. Zhuge Liang devoted himself to Nanyang in his early years to express his political ambitions. The poem "Song of Fu Liang" that we saw today was written by Zhuge Liang, not necessarily what he recited in those years. Here, the poet uses "Fu Liangyin" to refer to his poems with political feelings, that is, the poems of "Gubai in Wuhou Temple". In the past, when the poet visited Wuhou Temple through Jinli, he wrote a poem that hated Zhuge Liang. Today, through the hometown where the Prime Minister debuted, I deeply felt that my hatred was not over. Yes, how can this paper and pen tell the regret of Wuhou through the ages, and how can they tell their feelings of mourning the past and hurting the world? This last couplet also contains the poet's feelings of lack of talent and helplessness. As Ji Yun said, the poem "the ending speaks for itself". The biggest feature of reading this poem is to use the method of cadence and cadence alternation to show Zhuge Liang's strength, wisdom, talent and merit in comparison. However, all these preparations are ultimately aimed at highlighting the word "hate". The first couplet says that apes and birds are afraid of their military orders, and the storm protects their barriers, which is extremely majestic and exciting. Zhuan Xu said that he was just sane and finally saw the emperor surrender and Shu Han was defeated, which was a kind of suppression. It is another compliment to say that he is worthy of Guan Zhong and Le Yi. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei died young, and Zhuge Liang lost his wings, which was another suppression. Between ups and downs, it is even more regrettable. As He Chao said: "The discussion is solid and high, especially in the ups and downs, which makes people sigh and turn into a aftertaste." Finally, the cadence of singing and the discussion of opening and closing all boil down to a sigh of "hate". Therefore, this poem contains the tragic fate of "a building will fall down, one tree is difficult to support" and has a strong sense of eschatology. In addition to the distinctive personality characteristics of the tragedy, the lyricism throughout makes this poem a commercial hidden poem at first glance. Literally, this poem has several ways of expression, such as lyricism, discussion, narration and scenery writing, and the discussion is more prominent. The author often embellishes with individual function words to see the endless meaning between words. Such as "acts and orders" and "finally seeing", echo before and after, and contain the poet's affection; The extreme admiration of "I am not satisfied" and the desolate questioning of "what do you want" also contain the poet's feelings of regret, anger and helplessness. Bei Tie is gloomy and vigorous, which seems to be in the same strain as Du Fu's Shu Xiang. In fact, it is more about personal feelings and life experiences.