1, pre-Qin
First, at this stage, the subject of literary creation has experienced the evolution from group to individual;
Second, ancient witchcraft is indistinguishable from history, and history is differentiated from witchcraft, which specializes in personnel records and has strong application;
Thirdly, the rise and activity of literati played a key role in the development of literature;
Fourthly, on the one hand, the form of pre-Qin literature is a part of literature, history and philosophy, on the other hand, it is a combination of poetry, music and dance. In addition, there are mature literary works, and the author and era are difficult to determine. In addition, the pre-Qin literature highlights the reality, originality and regionality.
2. Han dynasty
First, the environment of the creative subject has changed. During the Warring States period, taxis lobbied among countries and gathered around the emperors or princes of the unified empire, forming a number of writers groups. They took eulogizing or allegorizing as their own responsibility and became the authors of the new style of Fu in Han Dynasty.
Secondly, adapting to the unified Political Bureau of the Han Dynasty, the literature of the Han Dynasty became a fashion with great aesthetic feeling and exaggeration;
Thirdly, in line with the policy of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", the literature of the Han Dynasty lost its vividness and diversity and formed a formatted and dignified style;
Fourthly, Yuefu folk songs showed irresistible power in the Han Dynasty with new posture and vitality, first among the people, and then among the literati, and thus brewed a new rhythm and new form of China's poetry-May 7th style.
Second, the Middle Ages-Wei and Jin Dynasties to the middle of Ming Dynasty (3rd century to16th century)
1, Wei and Jin Dynasties-Middle Tang Dynasty (the last year of Tianbao)
First, this is the stage of the prosperity and development of ancient poems with May 7th words, and it is also the stage of the rise, finalization and prosperity of modern poems with May 7th words.
Secondly, prose is close to poetry and poetic parallel prose appears, while fu is close to poetry and parallel prose appears;
Thirdly, two poetic paradigms, "Jian 'an Style" and "Meteorology in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty", were established at the beginning and end of this stage, and based on China's excellent tradition, they became the ultimate admiration of later poets;
Fourthly, this is a stage in which literary creation tends to be personalized, and the writer's unique personality and style can be fully displayed;
Fifth, in this stage of literary creation, the imperial court played a central role, and several literary groups were formed around the imperial court, and their internal learning improved their literary skills;
Sixthly, metaphysics and Buddhism infiltrated into literature, which made literature take on a colorful new look.
2. Middle Tang Dynasty-Late Southern Song Dynasty
First, the ancient prose advocated by Han and Liu caused the innovation of literary language and style, and Ouyang Xiu and others continued the path of Han and Liu in the Song Dynasty and completed this innovation;
Secondly, after the climax of the Tang Dynasty, poetry found another way in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and finally found another way in the Song Dynasty: from the poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, they paid attention to the description of daily life, and the humanistic images related to daily life increased obviously.
In the Song Dynasty, this has become a general trend. Du Fu and Bai Juyi initiated the tradition of reflecting people's livelihood sufferings, actively participating in and discussing state affairs, and a deep sense of hardship, which was once weakened in the late Tang Dynasty and generally strengthened in the Song Dynasty. The identity of poets and literati in Song Dynasty was unified, and the composition of poetic theory was enhanced, which had the aesthetic pursuit of turning vulgarity into elegance.
Thirdly, after the middle Tang Dynasty, Qu Zi's Ci flourished rapidly and became the representative of Song Dynasty literature. Fourthly, the prosperity of legends after the middle Tang Dynasty marks the maturity of China's novels, while the rise of "street novels" in the Tang Dynasty and the prosperity of "Shuo" in the urban cultural background in the Song Dynasty are the new development of literature in this period.
3. Early Yuan Dynasty-Middle Ming Dynasty (the last year of Zheng De)
First, narrative literature has occupied a dominant position in the literary world since the Yuan Dynasty, and since then the object of literature has shifted more from desk readers to listeners and audiences in Goulan Wache Li;
Secondly, the media of literature is not only books written or engraved on paper, but also art forms such as rap and performance.
Thirdly, Confucian scholars' social status has been reduced, and they have gone to the lower classes to engage in popular literature creation. First, adapt to the literary forms loved by the masses, and then improve these literary forms;
Fourthly, the literature of the Yuan Dynasty is represented by traditional operas and Sanqu, and the zaju centered on Dadu and the Nanxi centered on Wenzhou created the glory of the literature of the Yuan Dynasty, while the popular legends of the Ming Dynasty inherited and developed Yuanqu.
Fifth, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Water Margin appeared in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties, indicating the arrival of a novel era.
Three. Neoproterozoic-from the middle of Ming Dynasty to the May 4th Movement (16th century to the beginning of 20th century).
1, Early Jiajing Period of Ming Dynasty-Opium War (1840)
First, a large number of literary groups and factions have emerged, and they often argue;
Secondly, poetry, drama and novels have made great achievements, among which drama and novels are the most prominent.
2. Opium War-May 4th Movement (19 19)
First of all, China has been reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Many writers are seeking new literary inspiration from the West, and at the same time, they are also seeking a new way to become rich and strengthen the army.
Secondly, the consciousness of saving the nation and the exoticism of seeking innovation and change become the keynote of literature;
Third, literature is regarded as a tool for political improvement;
Fourthly, with the gradual increase of foreign translations, the narrative skills of literature have been updated;
Fifth, newspapers and periodicals appear as new media, and a group of new journalists have the identity of writers. Through newspapers and periodicals, the style of newspapers and periodicals appears;
Sixth, the slogan "I write my mouth by hand" appeared in poetry.
Extended data
The history of ancient Chinese literature is the proudest treasure of Chinese civilization. China's feudal dynasty for thousands of years promoted the prosperity and development of China's traditional literature. The prosperity and development of Tang poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu, together with other schools such as Han Yuefu and Song Fu, formed a long and splendid history of China's ancient literature.
However, the changes brought about by the Opium War reduced China to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and western culture began to pour in, bringing countless new inspirations. From then on, China literature began to develop in the direction of saving the country and the people and improving the society, forming a literature with modern characteristics.
Baidu Encyclopedia-History of China Literature