This TV series, directed by Kong Sheng and starring Li Youbin, Salina, Song Jia and Zhu, vividly depicts the story of a Shandong peasant family leaving their hometown for the east in the late Qing Dynasty. It was broadcast on CCTV in 2008, and won the Golden Eagle Award for Best Long TV Series and the First Class Long TV Series Flying Award.
The story of Zhu Kaishan's family going to Kanto is a microcosm of the wave of going to Kanto in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. According to the data, in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, 30 million people came to kanto region from Zhongyuan. Quite a few of them failed and became countless bones on the wandering road; Some lucky people reach their destination, take root in the black water of Baishan and thrive.
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"East" and "Guan" refer to Shanhaiguan.
Shanhaiguan is a pass of the Great Wall, known as "the first pass in the world". Shanhaiguan is named after Yanshan Mountain in the north and Bohai Sea in the south. As a military checkpoint, Shanhaiguan separates the inside and outside of Shanhaiguan. Commissioner, kanto region; Inside Shanhaiguan Pass, it is the Central Plains.
After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, the Great Wall was abolished, but Shanhaiguan remained. Starting from Kangxi, the Qing Dynasty took Shanhaiguan as the boundary, forbidding people from the Central Plains to enter kanto region at will, in order to protect the so-called "land of Longxing" in Kanto and prevent the Qing Dynasty's "Long Mai" from being excavated. At the same time, we will protect the Kanto specialties such as ginseng, mink, and Ursula, and ensure the royal supply.
In addition, outside Shanhaiguan, the Qing Dynasty built several sections of wicker fences with a length of more than 1,000 kilometers, that is, the "wicker border pass". Like Shanhaiguan, the wicker border aims to isolate and protect kanto region.
Under the closed policy of Qing Dynasty, the vast kanto region became an inaccessible place. Later, it was actually occupied by Russia in the form of extortion 1.4 million square kilometers.
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Time flies and comes to the middle of19th century.
At that time, China had entered a troubled modern society. Located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Central Plains has been a prosperous place since ancient times. However, in the late Qing dynasty, the lower reaches of the Yellow River were silted up and abandoned, and the Qing court was faced with external troubles and internal worries, unable to manage the Yellow River, which led to the breach of the Yellow River year after year and often brought disaster to people's livelihood.
In addition to the flood of the Yellow River, chaos often occurs in the Central Plains. The exorbitant taxes and levies of the Qing court also made it unbearable for the people in the Central Plains. What are we doing? The people of the Central Plains are not sitting still. They set their sights on kanto region, which is sparsely populated.
At that time, kanto region was a paradise for the people of the Central Plains.
Kanto region covers an area of over 6,543.8+0,000 square kilometers, and the area of Heilongjiang Province alone exceeds the sum of Shandong and Hebei provinces. The fertile land and rich products here are very suitable for planting crops. Moreover, due to the closed policy of Qing Dynasty, kanto region was in a state of waiting for development for a long time. For the people of the Central Plains, it is simply a huge treasure!
The only obstacle is the ban policy.
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/kloc-since the middle of the 0/9th century, under the double attack of western powers and peasant rebels of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing Dynasty gradually weakened its control over this ancient empire. Shanhaiguan and Liubianbian have long existed in name only, and people have been quietly entering Kanto through Shanhaiguan and Liubianbian.
1On September 6th, 860, in order to resist the invasion of Russia on the Heilongjiang border, the then general of Heilongjiang, Tepkin, proposed to the court to "recruit people to open up wasteland". The Qing court approved the implementation. Since then, the Qing government's blockade policy in northern Heilongjiang has been cancelled. 1897, kanto region was completely banned.
A door closed for nearly 200 years slowly opened, and people from the Central Plains poured into kanto region. By 19 10, the total population of kanto region had soared to180,000 on the eve of the collapse of the Qing Dynasty.
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However, the road to Kanto is not smooth sailing. In fact, in the long journey from the mainland to kanto region, everyone has to overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the traffic was inconvenient and the public security was bad. They either crossed the ocean, climbed mountains and waded, fought wild animals everywhere, and avoided vicious bandits. ...
Countless people fell on the journey before they arrived in Kanto, and they could never get up again, becoming the bones of the journey north.
Japanese Keizo Obuchi visited Northeast China twice, and wrote Travel Notes of Manchuria based on his personal experience. The book records the real scene of entering the East River: "From Fengtian to Xingjing, I saw my husband on the road with a unicycle, a woman sitting on it, a child crying and sleeping, her husband pushing from behind, her brother holding from the front, the old man leaning on a stick and the girls leaning against each other. On the way, the husband scolded his young woman and the old mother called his child. The team always enters Tonghua, Huairen, Hailong City and Chaoyang Town, opposite each other. "
Even the Central Plains people who successfully came to kanto region are still facing the adaptation to the new environment. At first, the aborigines in the northeast were not friendly to these foreigners and maintained an exclusive attitude. Therefore, in order to survive, Central Plains people have to engage in heavy manual labor. At the same time, kanto region has been plagued by bandits. This makes it more difficult for Zhongyuan people to establish themselves in the northeast.
The Central Plains originally came to kanto region to escape the war. Unexpectedly, when the Russo-Japanese War broke out in 1904, kanto region became one of the main battlefields of the fierce fighting between Japanese and Russian troops, and was shrouded in bullets. People's lives and property in Northeast China suffered a catastrophe, and hundreds of thousands of people lost their homes and were displaced. Many Zhongyuan people who settled in the northeast were forced to return to Shanhaiguan.
A history of crossing the Kanto is a history of struggle, struggle and tears.
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In the end, the people of the Central Plains overcame many difficulties and created a world in Kanto with their hard-working hands. They thrive in kanto region, and their fate is closely linked with Baishan Blackwater.
Many famous figures in modern history are descendants of the East Ferry. Such as Zhang, Zhao Shangzhi, Du et al.
Zhang, a representative of the Feng warlord, has been in charge of Northeast China 10 for more than 0 years and is known as the "King of Northeast China". Zhang Zu was born in Dacheng County, Hebei Province. During Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, Zhang's ancestors left their hometown and came to kanto region to settle in Fengtian (now Shenyang).
Zhao Shangzhi is one of the founders and leaders of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition. His ancestral home is Li Jinzhuang, Qidong County, Shandong Province. His ancestors entered Nanbadao Village, Chaoyang County, Jehol and settled down from then on.
Du is an outlaw similar to Zhang, known as "the thief of western Liaoning". Du Zu was born in Tianjin and followed his parents to Qingmakan Village, Yujiafang Town, Liaozhong County. Du often fought against the Russian army and was called "beating foreigners". After being trapped by Zhang, he was killed.
References:
Population Geography of China, Draft of Qing History, etc.