An important war in ancient China-the Battle of Makino

First, time:

Shang Mo

Second, the participants:

Zhou lianjun VS Shang dynasty

Third, the main commander:

Zhou Wuwang, Lushang, Di Xin.

Fourth, the result:

The Shang Dynasty was defeated when there were more people than there were people.

Zhou Wang committed suicide and the Shang Dynasty perished.

The Battle of Makino is the decisive battle of King Wu to attack Zhou, and it is the decisive battle between the allied forces and the Shang army in Mu Ye (near Xinxiang City). Because Di Xin (Shang Zhouwang) first conquered Lebanon in the northwest, then settled in the east and settled in the south, although it won, it was militaristic, which aggravated social and class contradictions. Finally, he was defeated and set himself on fire, and the Shang Dynasty perished. Therefore, Zuo Zhuan said: "It is not good for him to spread it abroad."

The battle of Makino is a famous example in China's history, in which the few win the many, the weak win the strong, and the preemptive strike. It is also a famous example of China in the early period of ancient car wars. The Shang Dynasty, which ended 600 years ago, established the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty and opened the way for the all-round prosperity of the Western Zhou Dynasty's ritual and music civilization. The strategy and fighting art embodied in Makino War are also of great significance to the development of China's ancient military thought.

Jin Meng Conference

In BC 1050, Ji Chang died, and the heir to the throne, namely, He succeeded to the throne, to show that he still inherited the fate of the King Wen and continued to take advantage of the opportunity of the Shang Dynasty to temporarily expand eastward.

BC 1048, two years before the Battle of Mu Ye, Zhou Wuwang observed soldiers in Jin Meng. In Historical Records, it is said that "eight hundred governors came to Tianjin unexpectedly", but it is not "meeting unexpectedly". According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records, there were contacts in this invasion, and many countries from Guanzhong to Jianghan participated, but I'm afraid there were not as many as 800 vassals.

At this time, there was a fierce civil strife in Shang Dynasty. Di Xin killed his uncle Beagan and imprisoned another uncle, Ji Zi. Other nobles involved, such as Cabbage, sized up the situation and defected to Zhou Guo. King Wu undoubtedly got a lot of confidential information about Chao Ge from the nobles of the Shang Dynasty. When the time was ripe, King Wu decided to send troops to attack the merchants, and at the same time informed the allies in Jin Meng to send troops with the allies.

The strategic plan of cutting merchants is: while the main force of Shang Dynasty was stranded in the southeast, the elite troops went deep into Ji Wang with lightning speed, defeated the defenders, captured the merchants in one fell swoop, occupied the political center of Shang Dynasty, disintegrated the regime of Shang Dynasty, and made the remaining merchants and their countries leaderless, and then defeated them one by one.

Pastoral oath

On October 26th, 65438 BC+65438 BC+65438 BC/KLOC-0, Zhou Wuwang led 300 chariots, 3,000 warriors (elite soldiers) and tens of thousands of infantry troops to the Eastern Expedition.

On February 2 1 day of the same year, Zhou Jun arrived and joined the tribes of Yong, Lu, Peng, Pu and Shu. The total number of allied troops has reached 45,000, and many monarchs of Fang countries have come in person. On February 26, it rained before the deployment of the Coalition forces. It is said that the allied forces have "six divisions".

Military historians speculate that there are about 300 chariots, and 3,000 warriors are an "armored division" and the first echelon. The remaining 40,000 people are divided into five "divisions", and a phalanx is formed behind them, which is the second echelon. Subsequently, the Allies continued to March eastward in the rain, from Bidi to Baiquan after crossing the river, and turned eastward.

On the morning of 27th, on the pasture, Zhou Wuwang solemnly swore: "As the saying goes, a hen is unlucky in the morning. Now Zhou Wang only listens to women's words, and even the ancestors' sacrifices have been abandoned. He didn't appoint his own royal brothers, but let the escaped slaves hold important positions, so that they could endanger the nobles and disrupt the business country. Today, I, Ji Fa, am executing God's punishment! ..... Soldiers, work hard! " The morale of Zhou Jun's soldiers was greatly boosted, which is the "pastoral oath" recorded in Shangshu.

At dawn on the 28th, the Allies entered Konoha. The Book of Songs records: "Konoha is magnificent, Tanche is magnificent, and Pumbaa loves it. When you are a teacher, you are still a father. Cool the prince of Wu and cut down the big business, and you will understand. "

Konoha decisive battle

In terms of singing, the first batch of emergency military intelligence just arrived, and the Coalition forces followed, which was really unprepared. There are not enough elite soldiers in Chao Ge to break the enemy, and there are no chariots available. It is difficult to compete with the chariot array with strong impact only by infantry, what's more, the morale of Zhou Jun is sharp. Di Xin was shocked to hear that he was coming, so he had to quickly arm a large number of slaves and prisoners of war, together with the troops guarding the capital, to fight in Konoha.

"Yi Zhou Shu Yin Ke" records that Zhou Jun led hundreds of elite soldiers to challenge, deter the Shang army and disrupt the formation, and then Zhou Wuwang personally led the main force to follow up and kill, completely disrupting the formation of the other side. Slaves and prisoners of war in the commercial army were completely demoralized and defected. As Di Xin forced these slaves and prisoners of war to go to war, they would naturally be escorted by cronies in the rear to prevent them from rebelling or fleeing. These loyal guards are also the last card in Di Xin's hand.

However, under the strong impact of Zhou Jun, the disciples in front ran back desperately and were stopped by the elite soldiers in the rear. Men don't have many enemies, and these warriors are unstable under the impact of the crowd. In order to escape, they were pushed by the crowd behind them, and the slaves turned against each other and killed at random. Coupled with the attacks of chariots, troops and infantry behind the Coalition forces, Di Xin's last front could not be held, so it had to work harder to escape from the battlefield.

The residual resistance of the Shang army lasted for a day, but it was unable to save the situation. When Di Xin saw the tide ebbing, he returned to Chao Ge and boarded the Lutai. "He wore pearls and emeralds, and he died in a fire." The Shang Dynasty officially perished.

When Zhou Wuwang arrived at Lutai, he stabbed Di Xin's body with "Guanglu" and personally cut off his head and hung a flag.

In addition, more than 100 Shang ministers and nobles were captured. They will be taken back to Zhou Jing, where they will be killed as the ancestors of King Wu.

The next day, King Wu, surrounded by several generals, held a grand ceremony of "being ordered" in the Shang Palace to show the success of the revolution. But the conquest of Yindu does not mean the end of the war. The more important task is to eliminate the remnants of the Shang Dynasty in the East.

According to the plan in advance, the allies immediately divided into four roads and headed southeast to conquer the merchants' remnants and loyal countries. As the base area in the rear was lost and the front was surrounded by hostile foreigners, the rest of the commercial army was attacked from both sides. After fierce fighting, most of them were defeated. Historically, Zhou Jun killed the famous Shang Dynasty (that is, the legendary Huang of later generations), which means that the front line has been extended to the East China Sea.

Allies from Rongdi carried out long-term slaughter and plunder. "Prisoner of Iraq" said: Zhou Wuwang won a great victory in the battle of Makino. As many as180,000 merchants were killed and 330,000 people were taken into slavery. So many people are not all soldiers, but also a large number of civilians. Zhou people also hunted on merchants' land. More than 10,000 animals such as tigers, bears, rhinoceroses and deer were killed in the name of the name, and a large number of jewels and property were looted.

In less than two months, the main battlefield has ended. Mid-April. King Wu established a sacrificial room in Shangdu to defeat his ancestors. The location of the sacrificial room was chosen in Muye, which laid the foundation for the eight hundred years of the Zhou Dynasty.

However, the battle of Makino did not completely destroy the Shang Dynasty. As a continuation of Shang Dynasty, part of the original territory of Shang Dynasty was established as the fief of Wu Geng, the son of Di Xin, and the army of Shang Dynasty was not completely destroyed.

After Zhou Wuwang's death, Wu Geng, together with Guan Shu, Cai Shu and Huo Shu of Zhou, launched the "Three Prisons Rebellion", which was finally pacified by Zhou Gongdan and Zhou Chengwang, and the remnants of Shang Dynasty were completely eliminated.