Common green financial products include green credit, green bonds, green insurance, green funds, green leasing, green trusts, green bills, carbon financial products and other financial instruments.

Green finance refers to the financial services provided for project investment and financing, project operation and risk management in the fields of environmental protection, energy saving, clean energy, green transportation and green buildings. In order to support environmental improvement, cope with climate change and save and effectively use resources. The main purpose of developing green finance is to mobilize and encourage more social capital to invest in green industries, and at the same time, to effectively curb polluting investments, which will not only help to accelerate China's economic transformation to green and support the construction of ecological civilization, but also help to promote technological progress in the fields of environmental protection, new energy and energy conservation, and accelerate the cultivation of new economic growth potential.

Green credit:

Credit products and services provided to support economic activities such as improving the environment, coping with climate change, resource protection and efficient utilization. In 20 18, the People's Bank of China issued the Notice on Establishing a Special Statistical System for Green Loans, which clarified the statistical objects, statistical contents, statistical standards and implementation requirements of green loans, and formally brought the green credit situation into the Macro-Prudential Assessment Framework (MPA) to guide financial institutions to support green industries reasonably and efficiently with quantitative indicators.

Green bonds:

Securities specially used to support green industries, green projects or green economic activities that meet the prescribed conditions, which are issued in accordance with legal procedures and repay the principal and interest as agreed, including but not limited to green financial bonds, green corporate bonds and green debt financing instruments.

(1) green financial bonds are securities issued by financial institutions as legal persons according to law, which raise funds to support green industries or green projects, and repay the principal and interest as agreed.

(2) Green corporate bonds are corporate bonds issued by qualified domestic enterprises according to regulations, and the funds raised are mainly used to support green industries or green projects.

(3) Green corporate bonds are corporate bonds issued by qualified green enterprises such as energy conservation, environmental protection, sustainable development and climate change, and the raised funds must be invested in green industry projects.

(4) Green debt financing instruments are issued by non-financial enterprises in the interbank market to raise funds for green projects such as energy conservation and environmental protection, pollution prevention, resource conservation and recycling.

⑤ Green asset-backed securities are structured green financial products, and the raised funds need to be used for the construction, operation and acquisition of green industry projects, or used to repay debts such as bank loans of green industry projects, that is, the securitization of green assets derived from the charging income rights or creditor's rights owned by the original owners, or the credit assets that meet the green industry support catalogue are packaged into pools to raise funds.

The difference between green credit and green finance

The difference between green credit and green finance;

1. Green finance includes green credit. Green finance is a relatively broad concept: it means that financial institutions consider environmental protection, consider potential environmental impact in investment and financing decisions, and integrate potential returns, risks and costs related to the environment into their daily financial business and activities, thus guiding social capital to promote sustainable development.

2. The concept of green credit originates from green finance, which is usually called sustainable financing or environmental financing. Sustainable financing means that banks provide loan opportunities for sustainable commercial projects through their financing policies and generate social influence through fee-based services. Typical charging items include investment suggestions provided by consumers. Banks can also concentrate on using all kinds of knowledge and information to allocate loans for sustainable development, mainly because they have unparalleled comparative advantages in various markets, regulations and market development information.

What is Green Finance _ What is Green Finance?

What is Green Finance _ What is Green Finance?

"Green finance" is a basic policy in China, which guides financial institutions to increase investment in environmental protection, energy conservation and low-carbon industries, reduce investment in high-pollution and high-energy-consumption industries, and promote the transformation of economic growth mode from extensive to economical. On September 20 15, the State Council released the overall plan for the reform of ecological civilization system, and Article 45 clearly put forward "establishing China's green financial system" for the first time.

The connotation of green finance is very extensive, including green credit, green securities, green financing guarantee and green fund.

Green credit

As early as 2007, the Opinions on Implementing Environmental Protection Policies and Regulations to Prevent Credit Risks issued by China proposed to develop green credit. The regulation supports pollution reduction projects and controls credit to enterprises and projects that do not conform to industrial policies and environmental violations. In that year, five state-owned commercial banks (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Bank of China and Bank of Communications) issued loans to support key projects of energy conservation and emission reduction, reaching 65.438+006.334 billion yuan.

In just a few years, the word has increased by 10 times. Under the leadership of banks, China's green credit projects increased from 2,700 in 2007 to 20 13/0.4 million; The loan balance of green credit also increased from 340 billion yuan in 2007 to 20 13 years10.6 trillion yuan.

In fact, many green industries need high investment. Recently, the media reported that a company applied to China Bank for a credit line of 600 million yuan for three new energy battery production line projects, including "5,000 tons of precursor materials for NCA ternary power battery" this year. Developing green credit can help these large enterprises solve the financing problem.

Green securities

In February, 2008, the State Environmental Protection Administration, together with China Securities Regulatory Commission and other departments, launched a new green securities for environmental and economic policies on the basis of green credit and green insurance. The basic connotation is that in the process of listing financing and refinancing, listed companies should be audited by environmental protection departments. With the expansion of China's capital market, more and more enterprises began to seek listing financing. Therefore, the green securities policy will have a strong demonstration effect by limiting pollution from the perspective of direct financing.

With the continuous innovation in the field of green securities, China has launched a green concept asset securitization project. As the first project, the "Special Asset Management Plan of Nanjing Urban Construction Sewage Treatment Income Right" was approved to be issued in Shenzhen Stock Exchange in June 2006, and then Nanjing Urban Construction issued the second phase of green asset securitization on 20 1 1, raising a total of 205 1 billion yuan. Both products introduce social funds in the operation mode of packaged securitization of sewage treatment income rights to support the development of sewage treatment industry.

Since then, China has successively launched a series of projects such as "Jiashi Energy Saving 1 Asset Support Special Plan", "TEDA Environmental Protection Waste Incineration Power Generation Charging Income Right Asset Support Special Plan", "Ping An Katie Power Online Charging Right Asset Support Special Plan (Phase II)".

In addition to green concept asset securitization projects, green securities also include green bonds. As a win-win means, green bonds can not only meet the issuer's financing needs and sustainable development, but also meet the investors' positive commitment to environmental protection and control of greenhouse gas emissions, which has attracted the continuous attention of the capital market. Some experts predict that green bonds will develop rapidly in 20 16, and the total amount of global bond issuance will exceed 1000 billion US dollars.

Green financing guarantee

Many financial institutions will ask for guarantees, whether they are going to the bank for loans or issuing bonds. However, because traditional financial institutions don't understand green projects, they raise the risk level, which leads to an increase in financing costs.

Ma Jun, chief economist of the Research Bureau of the People's Bank of China and director of the Green Finance Committee of China Finance Association, believes that many green projects are risky because ordinary banks lack professional evaluation ability, but professional green guarantee institutions may find that the risks of green projects are actually far less than the bank's estimates. Providing guarantees for these projects can ensure that the financing cost of green loans can be significantly reduced under the condition that the non-performing rate can be controlled.

At present, some areas in China have made useful attempts. It is reported that in August of 20 13, Sichuan Deyang Green Financing Guarantee Co., Ltd. was established, with a registered capital of 300 million yuan and a total financing guarantee service of nearly 3 billion yuan. During the two-month trial operation, the company has lent more than 50 million yuan to many green organic enterprises in the field of planting and breeding. It has promoted the development of local green industries.

Green fund

Green Fund is a special investment fund specially set up for energy-saving and emission-reduction strategies, low-carbon economic development and environmental optimization and transformation projects, and directly invests in specific energy-saving and emission-reduction projects through fund managers (fund management companies). There are many sources of green funds, which can be donated by natural persons, legal persons or other organizations at home and abroad, or obtained through government funding.

At the beginning of the fund project, the use of the fund was restricted. For example, the investment direction of Guangdong Green Industry Investment Fund will be to fully invest in the energy-saving and emission-reduction projects of government public lighting systems in the mode of contract energy management (EMC), or the project equity of energy-saving service companies (ESCO) operating in this mode, and the equity of high-tech enterprises related to energy-saving equipment or new energy development. The fund's initial investment direction is mainly to promote the green lighting demonstration city project of the Provincial Science and Technology Department, increase the investment in urban green lighting through linkage financial capital, and promote the development of green lighting industry.

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What is the NPL ratio of green loans of financial institutions in 2022?

It is 0.48%.

In 2022, the non-performing rate of green loans of financial institutions was 0.48%, up 9.99% from the end of 20021. The weighted interest rate of green financial loans is 4.66%, the non-performing loan ratio is 0.48%, and the financing scale of green investment banks is 7.538+0 billion yuan.

The particularity of green credit business means that green credit policy needs public supervision. Governments and banks should not only disclose information related to environmental and social impacts, but also provide various conditions, including information disclosure, necessary funds and mechanisms for genuine equal dialogue.

What is green credit?

Green credit is actually a kind of credit policy-opinions on implementing environmental protection policies and regulations to prevent credit risks.

Green-creditpolicy is a brand-new credit policy jointly put forward by State Environmental Protection Administration, People's Bank of China and China Banking Regulatory Commission on July 12, 2007, aiming at curbing the blind expansion of industries with high energy consumption and high pollution.

Knowledge expansion

Policy content:

The Opinions on Implementing Environmental Protection Policies and Regulations to Prevent Credit Risks stipulates that commercial banks should take the enterprise's environmental compliance as one of the necessary conditions for loan approval for credit control of enterprises and projects that do not conform to industrial policies and environmental violations.

The Opinions on Implementing Environmental Protection Policies and Regulations to Prevent Credit Risks also designs more detailed provisions on loan types. If environmental protection departments at all levels investigate and deal with projects that exceed the standard, fail to obtain pollution discharge permits or fail to complete the task of governance within a time limit, financial institutions should strictly control loans when reviewing the application for working capital loans of their affiliated enterprises.

At the same time, the Opinions on Implementing Environmental Protection Policies and Regulations to Prevent Credit Risks stipulates that environmental protection departments at all levels should investigate and deal with illegal projects that have not been approved for construction or leapfrog approval, environmental protection facilities have not been completed at the same time as the main project, and they have been put into production without environmental protection acceptance, and should promptly investigate and deal with the situation publicly. That is, it is necessary to inform financial institutions of the environmental information of enterprises. Financial institutions should strictly examine and approve, issue, supervise and manage loans according to the environmental protection notice. Financial institutions shall not increase any form of credit support for new projects that have not passed the EIA approval or the acceptance of environmental protection facilities.