Western philosophy: Plato: Republic. Aristotle: Metaphysics, the Ethics of Nikolai. Augustus: Confession. Descartes: the first philosophical meditation. Locke: Theory of Human Understanding and Theory of * * *. Spinoza: A New Theory of Human Reason. Montesquieu: On the Spirit of Law
. Rousseau: On social contract and the origin of human inequality. Mill: On Freedom. Body and ink: the theory of human nature, the study of human understanding. Kant: Introduction to Future Metaphysics, Critique of Pure Reason, Principles of Moral Metaphysics. Hegel: phenomenology of spirit. Nietzsche: The Birth of Tragedy, The Will of Power-An Attempt to Re-evaluate All Values. Husserl: logical research, phenomenological concept. Heidegger: Being and Time. Wittgenstein: on logical philosophy, philosophical research, Gadamer: truth and method. Sartre: Existentialism is a humanism; Foucault: words and things; Archaeology of knowledge. Popper: Poverty of Historical Determinism. John? Rawls' theory of justice.
China's philosophy in the series of new editors and scholars.
What are some good books about philosophy?
1. History of philosophy
Generally speaking, the history of philosophy is most suitable for beginners, if not for exams. When studying the history of philosophy, you can refer to books such as Introduction to Philosophy, but remember that philosophers are not equal to historians of philosophy. After studying the history of philosophy and having a general understanding of the whole philosophy, we must delve into the original work.
For western philosophy, first look at Sophie's World, a novel history of philosophy, which is readable and easy to accept.
If it is too simple, look at Russell's History of Western Philosophy. This book is beautifully written, but its views are not necessarily objective (this book also has its own position in history, sociology and literature). It's best to have a general impression of philosophy after reading it.
A Brief History of Western Philosophy written by Zhao Dunhua, an old professor at Peking University, is also good.
Solomon's The Big Problem was newly published in 2008. It is well written and easy for people to read.
Deng Xiaomang, published by Zhonghua Book Company, makes the history of western philosophy relatively new, involving a wide range but unprofessional.
Skirbekk's Shanghai translation of History of Western Philosophy is relatively new, and sometimes we can look at the problem from a new perspective.
Dunnick's trilogy "History of Philosophy" experienced * * * "criticism" at that time.
The philosophical history of Tilly's History of Western Philosophy and Vendel's History of Philosophy (the best choice I recommend, but it needs a certain foundation) are boring but classic, suitable for reading and rereading.
Hegel's lectures on the history of philosophy are more difficult. Generally speaking, studying Hegel itself is more important than the history of philosophy.
After that, if you are interested in modern philosophy, you can look at william barrett's Irrational Man (well written) and some teaching materials: Zhao Dunhua's new edition of Modern Western Philosophy.
Fifteen Lectures on Zhang Rulun's Modern Western Philosophy (A Series of Textbooks for General Education in University Quality Education)
The Mainstream of Contemporary Philosophy by Staiger Miao Lei
China's Philosophy implies Feng Youlan's A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy. Hu Shi's book is called the Outline of the History of China's Philosophy, but it is not all about philosophers. In fact, the history of China's philosophy can be replaced by the history of China's thoughts recommended by Ge.
2. Original works
Take some social science classics that have an influence on western history. Most of them are not all philosophy, but they all have certain ideological depth:
Plato and parmenides in an ideal country.
Metaphysics, Politics, Nikolai Ethics Aristotle
Euclid's Elements of Geometry
Historical Herodotus
Cicero in three papers
City of God, Confessions of St. Augustine
Plotinus in Nine Chapters
Thomas Aquinas, encyclopedia of theology
Machiavelli in The Prince
Thomas Utopia. Mohr
Bacon, a new tool
Descartes, the first philosophical meditation
Leviathan Hobbes
Pascal, the record of thought
Locke's Theory of Human Understanding
Copernicus' Theory of Celestial Movement
Spinoza in ethics
Leibniz's monograph
Vico of the new science
Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
Berkeley philosophical dialogue, George. Becquerel
The theory of human nature, David. Hume
Voltaire's dictionary of philosophy
Rousseau's Theory of Social Contract and Confessions
The Wealth of Nations —— A Study on the Nature and Causes of National Wealth Adam Smith
On Montesquieu's Legal Spirit
Criticism of pure reason, criticism of practical reason and criticism of judgment.
Schopenhauer as the World of Will and Representation
Fichte, the foundation of all knowledge
Transcendental idealism system
Hegel, Encyclopedia of Phenomenology of Spirit, Small Logic and Philosophy
Darwin on the Origin of Species
Karl Capital. Marx
This or that Kierkegaard (Kierkegaard)
This is what Zarathustra said. Nietzsche
Introduction to psychoanalysis Freud
Principles of Marshall economics
Time and free will
Principles of psychology, William. Joyuce
Dewey's Democracy and Education
On Tocqueville, the Nail of the American People
Frazier in Jinzhi Town
General theory of employment interest and money Keynes
Sensory Mach analysis
The Mathematical Principles of Whitehead and Russell
Husserl in logic research
Wittgenstein's Logical Philosophy Theory and Philosophical Research
World outlook psychology Jaspers
Existence and Time Heidegger
The formation of British working class Thompson
Historical research Toynbee
Marx's Protestant ethics and the spirit of capitalism. weber
Sartre in nothingness
The Structure of Scientific Revolution Kuhn
The courage to exist, Paul. Tilic
Carnap's logical structure of the world.
Open society and its enemies, Carl. An object that makes a banging noise.
On people, Kathy ......
What books about introduction to philosophy are worth recommending?
The copyright belongs to the author. Please contact the author for authorization for commercial reprinting, and please indicate the source for non-commercial reprinting. Author: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Link: Hu Zhi /...449480 Source: Zhihu Personally, no one has given the victims a correct list of books, and no one is a professional on these issues. No one can respond to his (1) idealism (asking the Lord), (2) pluralism and (3) dialectics bibliography. The problem is not that others gave him a list of books, but that he didn't cultivate how to find books and improve his ability. Since it is a philosophical issue, he should return in a philosophical way, instead of making a bunch of seemingly useful lists. According to the experience of graduate students and teaching assistants in my school of philosophy, I tell you that your question is too vague, and whoever answers it will have questions with you. In other words, you can answer it in any way, whether it's an academic chicken soup menu or a soul chicken soup menu. But it's bad for Bill. It's not an introduction at all. I just passed by the big house of philosophy and sat in it for a long time, that's all. So I'm going to change the way, that is, teach you how to find books by yourself. First of all, let me explain your problem, which is usually a common problem for beginners-find a list of famous books and hug if you have legs, but this picture is not convincing. Your problem is not the list of books, because philosophy is too big. Opening a book list has only two meanings. The first is to scare undergraduates and the public, and the second is to really study. But if you are the latter, you will usually look for a special bibliography of books and papers, and you will find out which books to read, and you will not come to Zhihu to ask. So, I think I should tell you how to set up a book list and find reliable books by yourself. You have to know how to use two tools (1)SEP and (2) a philosophy dictionary. You must learn to look up the book list. First of all, you have to learn to look it up in the dictionary. This is also the basic effort of various disciplines. It is a pity that many students know how to use reference books. The usage of SEP and philosophy dictionary is introduced as follows: (1)SEP Stanford Philosophy Dictionary: SEP: Stanford Philosophy Encyclopedia, which is relatively new and authoritative. SEP generally covers the research results of British and American philosophical circles in the past five years, which can let you see the recent situation of academic research. Each item is written and updated by experts in this field. Then how to check the book list, click SEP, enter the desired noun, find the relevant items, and directly drop down to see the bibliography. These are basic books about this field, including original works and important articles. Experts use them to write manuscripts, which is much better than a bunch of non-professionals. For example, if you are looking for idealism, you can use idealism * * *: idealism * * (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). There are a bunch of books and articles here. You can choose what interests you. The entry is the entry introduction of SEP. Mastery means reading at least the following books and articles, although not experts, but better than many undergraduates. For the three categories you mentioned, please look for the query under this page: 1. Idealism * * *:idealii * * (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2. Pluralism: Search (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) (SEP Pluralism has two kinds, 3. Dialectics: Search (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) (SEP has no special items, but list relevant items to see whose Kant dialectics you are looking for, then look at individual items and query paragraphs. If there is no special item, look it up in a philosophical dictionary or a special theory. ......
Which philosophy books are good?
Philosopher's Original Works, Western Philosophy: Plato: Republic. Aristotle: Metaphysics, the Ethics of Nikolai. Augustus: Confession. Descartes: the first philosophical meditation. Locke: Theory of Human Understanding and Theory of * * *. Spinoza: A New Theory of Human Reason. Montesquieu: On the Spirit of Law. Rousseau: On social contract and the origin of human inequality. Mill: On Freedom. Body and ink: the theory of human nature, the study of human understanding. Kant: Introduction to Future Metaphysics, Critique of Pure Reason, Principles of Moral Metaphysics. Hegel: phenomenology of spirit. Nietzsche: The Birth of Tragedy, The Will of Power-An Attempt to Re-evaluate All Values. Husserl: logical research, phenomenological concept. Heidegger: Being and Time. Wittgenstein: on logical philosophy, philosophical research, Gadamer: truth and method. Sartre: Existentialism is a humanism; Foucault: words and things; Archaeology of knowledge. Popper: Poverty of Historical Determinism. John? Rawls' theory of justice. Wait a minute.
China's Philosophy: Zhouyi Zhengyi, Annotations on the Analects of Confucius, Mencius Zhengyi, Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, Annotations on Laozi's Moral Classics, Annotations on Zhuangzi, Annotations on Xunzi, Annotations on Hanfeizi, Annotations on Huainanzi, Chunqiu and Notes on Wang Bi.
If you don't understand philosophy, you can read some introductory books and works on the history of philosophy first.
Introductory books on philosophy: Sophie's World, Durant's The Story of Philosophy, Robert Solomon's The Big Problem-An Introduction to Philosophy, etc. The better ones in China are: The Philosopher's Story by Hunan People's Publishing House, and The Must-read Story of Western Philosophy by Yuan of Jilin Publishing Group.
Works on the history of philosophy. Western philosophy recommends reading Zhang Zhiwei's Fifteen Lectures on Western Philosophy and Zhang Rulun's Fifteen Lectures on Modern Western Philosophy, and then reading Phoenix Publishing House and Jiangsu People's Publishing House's Academic Edition on the History of Western Philosophy. China's philosophy started with Feng Youlan's two-volume History of China Philosophy, and then went to Sun Yat-sen University and Wuhan University's New Edition of China Philosophy History.
What are the books about philosophy?
1. West: 1, Sophie's World, by Jostan Judd, translated by Xiao Sen, Writers Publishing House. This is a novel and an enlightenment book of western philosophy. 2,' History of Western Philosophy', Russell/book, The Commercial Press. This is an academic work. You can read this book after reading Sophie's World. Next, you can look for the important works mentioned above or the works of philosophers you are interested in. Second, China's: 1, A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy written by Feng Youlan. The original work is written in English. There seems to be a bilingual version, two volumes. 2. Mou Zongsan wrote Nineteen Lectures on China's Philosophy. 3. Introduction to Indian Philosophy, by Liang Shuming. 4. Liang Shuming's Chinese and Western Cultures and Their Philosophy. 5. Life and Human Heart, written by Liang Shuming/. 6. Philosophy of Life, written by Feng Youlan. 7. Tang Yongtong's On Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. 8. Read classics, such as Zhuangzi, Laozi, Yijing, Analects of Confucius, Mencius, University, and the Doctrine of the Mean. -Thanks for the adoption, hehehe,
What are some interesting philosophy books?
As long as a person is not a professional philosophy researcher, he never advocates reading obscure philosophical original works. If you bite your teeth from the beginning and read books such as Critique of Pure Reason and Phenomenology of Spirit, you will only leave a sad mark on your reading experience. For people who are new to philosophy, what kind of books to read is a matter of different opinions. We can brainstorm and discuss, I feel a person's personality preferences. At this time, such as Sophie's World, The Little Prince, popular philosophy textbooks, etc ... Although these books are not bad, they are not to my taste. Now I would like to recommend some classic introductory books I have read:
I like to position the book on the history of philosophy as an introductory book on philosophy. Of all the books on the history of western philosophy, this is the best one I have ever read. The main viewpoints, lives and influences of all the great philosophers in history have been completely recorded by the author in vivid and meticulous language. In order to spread this book better, the author has always avoided using boring philosophical terms and academic tone when writing this book, making the whole book talk about philosophers and them.
When it comes to Schopenhauer, what most people admire most is his will and appearance. Compared with the original philosophical works of Kant and others, this book is more fascinating, but another collection of Schopenhauer's essays is more distinctive, incisive and beautifully written. Schopenhauer's thoughts on the world and life are clearly shown in this book.
This book is similar to the first book, but some philosophical viewpoints, such as analytical philosophy and existentialism in the 20th century, are more detailed and popular.
I think this is a book that we should never skip when we understand what philosophy is. Some writers are very knowledgeable, but he disdains to do the work of popularizing philosophy. He thinks that the price drop will be very different from that of last week. He has always been committed to telling the profound philosophical problems of ancient Austria in an approachable style.
This book is similar to Zhou's, but more professional. Every stranger's name, place name, and book mentioned have detailed annotations. He Zhaowu once translated Russell's History of Western Philosophy. His knowledge is solid, without water.
Shi Tiesheng, a writer who is over fifty years old, thinks and feels about life, life, love, truth, goodness and beauty during his illness. A book with profound views and incisive words is excellent and touching.
This book has two volumes and can be bought separately. The first volume is/kloc-a selection of original works of western philosophy before the 7th century. The editors carefully selected the ideas in the works of Aristotle, Voltaire, Rousseau, Descartes and Hume, not only removed the most difficult parts, but also showed their most important and clear views, which are worth reading.
The following two books are recognized classics. They are not lengthy and have approachable dialogues, but they reveal the profoundness of philosophy in ordinary communication.
Nietzsche is more like a poet with a strong pessimistic temperament. His books are always full of cynical aphorisms, without lengthy arguments and boring notes. It's all short words, very concise and unconventional. I have read several versions of this book, including Lu Xun's translated version, which is highly praised by some people. However, I found that although Lu Xun's translation level was very high at that time, his translation style was obviously out of tune with today's context, so I always felt a little uncomfortable reading it. Personally, I still like this version of Sanlian Bookstore, which should be the best version at present.
Are there any good philosophy books?
Philosopher, founder of voluntarism and modern pessimism. The Wisdom of Life is a late work written by Schopenhauer in 1850, which makes Schopenhauer a world-renowned philosopher. In this book, he temporarily put aside the pessimistic philosophy of voluntarism and explored the principles that life should follow from a secular perspective with elegant style. This translation is the first complete German translation in China.
No.2 A Brief History of Philosophy (Color Illustrated Edition)
A Brief History of Philosophy enables a university philosophy professor to understand Kant's meaning through this book after teaching Kant's philosophy for 15 years. The appearance of this book set off a philosophical fever in the United States, which doubled the sales of philosophical masterpieces.
Third, Kant's three criticisms-criticism of pure reason
This book is Kant's three critical works and the most special and meaningful masterpiece of all his philosophical works. It changed the direction and process of the whole western philosophy. Kant 1 1 year, the first edition is 178 1, and the second edition is 1787.
The fundamental guiding ideology is: through the critical investigation of reason itself, that is, human's innate cognitive ability, determine what innate elements it has, that is, universality and inevitability, as well as the source, function, conditions, scope and boundaries of these elements, so as to determine what it can know and what it can't know, and on this basis, make the final judgment and provisions on the fate and future of metaphysics. Its mission is to provide a solid and reliable foundation for real scientific metaphysics.
The book is about 400,000 words. In addition to the preface and general introduction, it is divided into "transcendental element theory" and "transcendental methodology". The Chinese version is directly from German, and the original text was translated by Deng Xiaomang and revised by Yang Zutao. Its translation is excellent and can be called a masterpiece. There are also German-Chinese terminology index, Sino-German terminology comparison and name index at the back of the book, which is very convenient to use.
NO.4 "The Decline of the West" (full translation) (full two volumes) The first full translation in the Chinese world.
This is a masterpiece of the 20th century, and it will be read by all people who are obsessed with the mystery of existence sooner or later. This is a truly landmark work, which not only mourns our ancestors with its pessimism, but also inspires us with its powerful challenge to our existing concepts. -Arthur Gail: Tribune.
Because Nietzsche left an indelible mark on European thought, the philosophical works of Germany or any other European country can't compare with the decline of the West in importance, Excellence and encyclopedic knowledge. -Ernst Boyard: The Independent
Because of his method, his challenge, his attempt to describe the form of civilization and his keen desire for imagination, anyone who wants to grope his way forward in the fog of dusk or dawn should read Bingler. -Charles Beard: The New York Herald Tribune
When I read these chapters full of historical insights, for the first time, I suspected that my whole discussion had been dealt with by Bingler before the question was raised (let alone found the answer), and this idea became completely clear in my mind. -Toynbee: "Civilization Tested"
Bingler, an important symbol of modern German mind, combined Goethe's method of observing the phase with Nietzsche's critical spirit, and predicted that western culture would eventually decline from the perspective of comparative morphology of great culture and by describing the spiritual logic and symptoms of the times. From then on, this apocalyptic theory, like a primitive trauma, has been deeply engraved in the historical process of the West since the 20th century, and its prophetic voice can still arouse a kind of introspection in today's era.
NO.5 classic through reading-the history of western philosophy "classic through reading" is a series of classic academic classics compiled in a brand-new and popular way, aiming at guiding readers to read academic classics easily and quickly, thus popularizing social science and natural science classics that have far-reaching influence on mankind. This book is one of the series and the best-selling western philosophy textbook in the world. As a textbook of the history of western philosophy, this book tells the historical process of the emergence, formation, development and evolution of western philosophy from the 6th century BC to the 20th century AD. As for western philosophy in the 20th century, we will leave it to "modern western philosophy" to discuss. Usually different from modern western philosophy, western philosophy in this historical process is also called "classical philosophy".
Existentialism is a kind of humanism
Existentialism is a shadow in modern western philosophy. ......
What are the books about philosophy?
1, parmenides (387~ 347)
Parmenides of Elea
[Ancient Greece] platon (427~ 347 BC) was born in Athens. His family is an Athenian aristocrat, and he has close ties with celebrities in Athens. Socrates was tried, Plato went to the scene and wrote a famous article "Defense". In 387 BC, Plato, who was nearly 40 years old, returned to Athens and founded a school in the suburbs, the famous Plato Academy.
Parmenides is divided into two parts: in the first part, Plato questioned and criticized his concept of "separation of ideas" previously expressed by young Socrates, critically reflected on his previous concept theory, put forward the core question of whether opposing things can be combined with each other, and pointed out the insurmountable difficulties caused by young Socrates' insistence on the theory of separation of ideas and things. In the second part, Plato put forward eight groups of hypothetical reasoning through parmenides's mouth and made a detailed discussion, and continued to explore how to reach a preliminary solution to the above-mentioned core problems from both positive and negative aspects.
According to the Chinese translation of Commercial Press 1982)
2. Metaphysics (384~ 322 BC)
metaphysics
[Ancient Greece] Aristotle (384~ 322 BC) was the most learned man in ancient Greece, and his works were extremely rich, mainly including Metaphysics, Physics, Politics, Nicodemus Kyle Ethics, On Soul, On Heaven, Zoology, On Plants and Poetics. His students (especially Andronico) edited and arranged most of his works.
Metaphysics is an important work of Aristotle on general philosophical problems. The book holds that philosophy is a science of wisdom, a science of origin and rationality. Although philosophy is worse than other disciplines in practicality, it is better than other disciplines in exploring reasons, so it has more cognitive value. There are four reasons for things: formal reasons, material reasons, change reasons and purpose reasons. Formal reason is the most basic basis for the existence of things. In ontology, the existence of things is the existence of entities first. Entity is an individual, a concrete and objective existence. Entity does not depend on the subject; Other categories outside the entity are only predicates that define the attributes of the entity, that is, the category of quantity. There is no independent substance or form. Man's creative activity is an activity combining form with matter. Pure matter is only a potential entity, and form is the essence of realization, that is, the real real entity. Form has universal validity and is the stipulation of the essence of things; As a general formula, form is also the purpose of things, and at the same time it is the motive force of things, that is, the concentrated expression of purpose reasons and motivation reasons. Matter is the possibility that the purpose of things can be realized, which is also negative. Form can only be explained by an eternal, non-perceptual entity, which is the "first promoter" of things: what is motionless but moving is an eternal, realistic entity; In other words, "God is alive and life is the real activity of thought, so God is realistic, that is, his own reality, and his life is perfect and eternal".
Metaphysics is of great significance in the history of western philosophy and occupies a particularly important position. It is the first book devoted to philosophical issues in the history of western philosophy, and makes a valuable summary of previous philosophy. It had a great influence on the medieval scholasticism in western Europe, and Aristotle's works such as Metaphysics became the absolute authority after the Bible. A large number of terms demonstrated in this book have become the foothold to promote the discussion of modern and even modern philosophy, especially many concepts derived from these terms have created many recent theories. Metaphysics has had an immeasurable impact on the progress of human understanding.
(According to the Chinese translation of the Commercial Press 1962)
3. Theory of matter (about 99~ 55)
Dratura
[Ancient Rome] Lucretius (about 99~ 55 BC) was born at the end of Rome, about the same time as Caesar. There is no credible record of Lucretius' life and achievements in history except Nature.
On Nature is written in Latin iambic six-step verse, which integrates philosophy, natural science and poetry. The book is divided into six volumes, which respectively discuss the infinity of the universe, the movement of atoms and the essence of the mind. ......
What are some interesting philosophy books?
Beginners should learn philosophy from the history or introduction of philosophy. A good introduction to philosophy is a big topic-an introduction to philosophy. A good history of philosophy is Russell's History of Western Philosophy (although this book is biased and objective, it is said to be very attractive). Oxford's History of Western Philosophy is very good, but it feels a little deep, and many contents are not easy for beginners to master. I haven't read Sophie's World, and it has been very popular in recent years, but the level of bestsellers is generally not so good. If you want to learn China's philosophy, just read A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy by Feng Youlan. In fact, in order to fully understand the history of philosophy, it is not enough to read only one book. It is better to find more books and read from each other.
The world-recognized enlightenment philosophy is easy to understand, while Sophie's world.
It is a book that everyone with humanistic quality should put on the shelf. If you want to learn philosophy, the best books are original philosophical masterpieces, such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Kant and others. But the original text is very difficult to read and easy to misinterpret. But there is no other way.
I think the best introductory book on philosophy is Descartes' Six Meditations in the First Philosophical Meditations, especially the First Meditations, which is only about a dozen pages, but it takes a long time to fully understand and fully understand the author's meaning. After reading this article, you will
It's much easier to read the rest after getting started.
It's absolutely shocking to have the opportunity to come to the philosophy department of Sun Yat-sen University to take Zhai's introduction to philosophy class. There is an internal textbook compiled by him called Introduction to Philosophy, which is an anthology of some original works, but it is actually difficult to understand without his explanation.
First, the West:
1, Sophie's World, by Jostan Garde, translated by Xiao Yusen, Writers Publishing House.
This is a novel and an enlightenment book of western philosophy.
2,' History of Western Philosophy', Russell/book, The Commercial Press.
This is an academic work. You can read this book after reading Sophie's World.
Next, you can look for the important works mentioned above or the works of philosophers you are interested in.
Second, China's:
1, a brief history of Chinese philosophy, written by Feng Youlan.
The original work is written in English. There seems to be a bilingual version, two volumes.
2. Mou Zongsan wrote Nineteen Lectures on China's Philosophy.
3. Introduction to Indian Philosophy, by Liang Shuming.
4. Liang Shuming's Chinese and Western Cultures and Their Philosophy.
5. Life and Human Heart, written by Liang Shuming/.
6. Philosophy of Life, written by Feng Youlan.
7. Tang Yongtong's On Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
8. Read classics, such as Zhuangzi, Laozi, Yijing, Analects of Confucius, Mencius, University, and the Doctrine of the Mean.