1, The Book of Songs is China's first poetry collection.
305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty (1 1 century BC) to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (6th century BC) were collected. The poems in The Book of Songs have been spread all over the world since the Spring and Autumn Period, when they were called "Poems" or "Poems 300".
2. The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode. "Wind" is a ballad of Zhou Dynasty. Elegant music is the official music of Zhou people, which is divided into harmony and elegance. Ode is a musical song used for sacrificial rites in Zhou and noble ancestral temples, which is divided into ode to, and ode to Shang.
3. The Book of Songs is rich in content, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feasting, and even astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals and plants. It is a mirror of the social life of the Zhou Dynasty. 4. The Book of Songs is such a great book, which opens a paradigm for China's excellent traditional literature: in the long river of time, good poems and even good literature are ultimately related to time, and they trickle from their narrow valleys into a wider ocean of time and space.
5. Confucius selected the Book of Songs and chose the most representative poems among the vast number of folk poems. He put the poems describing the love between men and women in the world in the first place, and frankly included gay poems, which is the greatest respect for human nature. The joy of life and the sufferings of the people are full of vivid life scenes in The Book of Songs.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Book of Songs Reference:
People's Network-Restore the reference materials of The Book of Songs;
People's Network-News in the Book of Songs.
2. Knowledge set about self-protection
Self-protection has two meanings: one is Chinese words, which are often pronounced as méng and máng； in ancient times; In modern times; The second is the title of The Book of Songs Feng Wei, which describes a woman's process from falling in love, getting married to being abandoned. Her sad feelings and firm attitude profoundly reflected the oppression and harm of the unequal marriage system between men and women in society at that time. Although it is a narrative poem, it has a strong sense of color.
Chinese character: Meng
Variant: carbuncle
Pinyin: máng méng
I don't know, Athena Chu.
Font structure
Radical: stone
Radical strokes: 4
Total stroke: 8
Kangxi dictionary strokes (Meng: 8; )
End-to-end decomposition of words: the dead (Wang two sounds, Min two sounds)
Chinese character component structure: the lost man
Wu Bi 86: Ina
Five strokes 98:YNNA
Cang Xie: YVRVP
Angle code: 07747
UniCode:U+6C 13
Standardized Chinese character number: 1226
Stroke sequence number: 4 155 15 15.
Read and write in the order of strokes: according to the horizontal folding, the horizontal vertical hook and the horizontal oblique hook are folded horizontally.
3. The Book of Songs literature common sense
The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with 365,438+065,438+0 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "300 poems".
The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since.
The Book of Songs is the oldest collection of poems in China, which contains folk songs (wind), literati works (elegance) and eulogies (praise) to gods from about 2500 BC to about 3000 BC. According to legend, there was an official who collected poems in the Zhou Dynasty in China. Every spring, he shakes Muduo and goes deep into the folk to collect folk songs. After sorting out the works that can reflect people's joys and sorrows, he gave them to the Taishi (the official in charge of music) to compose music and sing them to the emperor as a reference for administration.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, it is said that there were more than 3,000 poems handed down. Later, Confucius deleted them inappropriately, leaving only 3 1 1 poems (including six sheng poems by Nan Chang, Bai Hua, Hua Tuo, You Geng, Chong Qiu and You Yi). Later, for convenience, it was called "Three Hundred Poems". The contents of the poems are:,, Bian, Yong, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Qi, Cao and Yi, and most of them are polished folk songs.
Ya (Er Ya: Ya, Xiao Ya) is of course mostly the works of literati, but there are also many people of Xiao Ya who think of words similar to wind ballads, such as yellow birds, going their separate ways, valley wind, why the grass is not yellow and so on. Ode (Three Odes: Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode) was originally a musical song to praise God or ancestors during sacrifice, but all four poems of Truffle are about the beautiful living Lu Xigong, and Shang Ode also includes flattering poems.
Among Confucius' disciples, Xia Zi had the deepest understanding of poetry, so he passed it on. There were three poets in the early Han Dynasty, namely Shen Peigong of Lu, Gu Sheng of Qi and Han Ying of Yan.
Qi's poems died in Wei, Lu's poems died in the Western Jin Dynasty, and Han's poems were still there in the Tang Dynasty, and now there are only ten volumes left. As for the book of songs circulating now, it is Mao Gong's poem (Big Mao Gong: Mao Heng, Little Mao Gong: Scapharca).
Here, I quote the Book of Songs, a collection of works by Wang Aijun, an international friends association. The Book of Songs is the first collection of realistic poems in China, with a total of 305 poems, so it is also called "Three Hundred Poems".
According to the use and music, it can be divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode, in which wind refers to folk songs from all over the country, elegance is court music, and ode is dance music used by Zhou Tianzi and princes to worship ancestral temples. The Book of Songs is mainly characterized by Fu, Bi and Xing.
Among them, Qi is called Fu; The metaphor is called ratio; Let's talk about something else first to arouse what we are singing. There are ***305 poems in The Book of Songs (there are also 6 poems with topics and no content, that is, no words, which are called sheng poems).
4. The related knowledge of "Meng" in The Book of Songs.
Feng Wei, the title of The Book of Songs, describes a woman's process from love, marriage, abuse to abandonment. Her sad feelings and firm attitude profoundly reflected the oppression and harm of the unequal marriage system between men and women in society at that time. Although it is a narrative poem, it has a strong sense of color.
1, fly: protect itself, (méng), fly: be honest. 2. B: Currency. Speaking of fabrics. 3. that is: close. 4, ask: discussion. 5. Dunhill: Place name. 6. Qi (qiān): Too many, not right. 7. Will: Yes, please. 8. Yan Yuan: Yan (guǐ), Yan Yuan: a broken wall. 9. Reentry: the residence of the man in the poem. Speaking of looking back. 10, Bu: Use tortoise shells to predict good or bad luck. 1 1, Yi (yinshi): yarrow for good or ill luck. 12, body: the body of divination. 13, strange: fierce, unlucky words. 14, taking bribes: property, dowry. 15, woro: moisturizing appearance. 16, pigeon: turtledove. Legend has it that turtledove will get drunk if she eats too many mulberries. 17, chén: addicted to love. 18, say: take off. 19, meteorite: falling. 20. Pierre: Go to your house and marry you. 2 1, eating poverty: living in poverty. 22, gradually: wet. 23. Cool: Wrong. Two: mistakes. 24. Wang Ji: There is no criterion and misconduct. 25, two or three virtues: three hearts and two minds. 26. Sui: It's been a long time. 27. Knowledge: wisdom. 28, hehe (xρ): Laugh. 29. Bow: yourself, yourself. 30. gas: gas and water. 3 1, ⅵ: If it is wet, the water is named Luohe. 32. Plate (pàn): shore, shore and water edge. 33. General Angle: Ancient children wore braids on both sides. [Opinion] Dream is a narrative poem. Narrative poems have stories, and there are lyrical and argumentative narratives. The author narrates in the first person "I" and uses recollection and contrast. The first and second chapters trace back to love life. The heroine "sent her son to Qi" and advised Meng "not to be angry"; "Seeing re-entry, talking with a smile" is a warm and gentle girl. The third, fourth and fifth chapters trace back to married life. The third chapter, with the rise, summarizes my life experience: "I am a woman, what is there to worry about!" " The fourth chapter, as you like, summarizes "three-year-old poverty" and "scholars also put all their eggs in one basket, 237 virtues." The sixth chapter expresses the mood and determination after "bowing to mourn": "On the contrary, it is useless to think about it!" The author follows the plot clue of "love-marriage-rejection". Through the description of the abandoned heroine, the author created a hard-working, gentle and strong female image, showing the strong desire of ancient women to pursue independent marriage and happy life.
5. On Liu Zongyuan's literary knowledge
There are more than 140 poems written by Liu Zongyuan, which is one of the few in the Tang Dynasty, but many of them have been handed down from generation to generation. On the basis of his unique life experience, thoughts and feelings, he drew lessons from the artistic experience of his predecessors, exerted his creative talent, created a unique artistic style, and became an outstanding poet representing one school at that time.
Liu Zongyuan's prose is as famous as Han Yu's, and he is also known as the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" with Liu Han, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi in Song Dynasty, and he is the most outstanding essayist in the history of China. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu initiated and led an ancient prose movement in the literary world. They put forward a series of ideological theories and literary ideas.
In his travels and fables, Liu Zongyuan also left outstanding works for future generations. Eight Chapters of Yongzhou became the representative work of China's ancient landscape travel notes. These beautiful landscape travel notes vividly express people's feelings about natural beauty, enrich the new field of classical prose reflecting life, and thus establish the position of landscape as an independent literary genre in the history of literature.
Extended data:
Anecdotal allusions
Liuzhou follows a cruel custom: "No matter men or women, if they use money as collateral, they will redeem it from time to time, and if their sons do the same, they will become handmaiden." Liu Zongyuan issued a decree to "reform the rural law" so that people who become handmaiden can still pay.
The law has formulated a set of measures to release handmaiden, stipulating that the person who becomes a handmaiden can convert his salary according to the working hours during his service to creditors. After the salary is paid off, I will immediately resume my freedom of life and go home to reunite with my relatives. This move was welcomed by the poor and was later extended to counties outside Liuzhou.
Commemoration of future generations
Liu Zongyuan Memorial Hall is located in Liu Hou Park, Liuzhou, Guangxi. It is mainly composed of Liu Hou Temple, Liu Zongyuan's Crown Tomb and Orange Pavilion. Liu Hou Temple was founded in 822 AD, formerly known as Luochi Temple. 199565438+February, named as the patriotic education base of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
The "Liu Hou Temple" on the forehead of the main entrance of Liu Hou Temple was inscribed by Guo Moruo, and the couplet on the doorpost was "The landscape returns, and the yellow banana is Dan Li; According to the anthology "Liuzhou Luochi Temple Monument" by Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, the people of Liuzhou expressed their yearning for Liu Zongyuan.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Zongyuan
6. Basic knowledge of junior high school literature (Chinese version)
Summary of Chinese Literature Common Sense in Junior Middle School (1) 1. Commonly used metonyms: 1, Mulberry: hometown 2, Taoli: student 3, country, Xuanyuan: country 4, Nanguan: prisoner 5, classmate 6, Fengyan: Zhan 7, female 8, and Sizhu: Le 9. Hand and foot: brother 12, history: history 13, husband and wife: husband and wife 14, Ding Bai, Buyi: common people 15, listless, yellow hair: old man 16, Sang Ma: farming 65433. Looking down: children 18, three feet: fa 19, below the knee: parents 20, canopy: luck 2 1, letter, Jane, stationery, Hongyan, Za: letter 22, temple: imperial court 2, author's work:/kloc-0.
3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su). 4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess) 5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu.
Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and the romantic style of China's poetry.
7. Confucius, named Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucius Sage" and Mencius as "Yasheng", both of whom are called "Confucius and Mencius". 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting."
9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are called "the history of poetry", so Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint". There are three famous officials: Tongguan officials, Shi Hao officials and Xin 'an officials. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness. 10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu), written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians", including: 12 biographies, 30, 70 and 650.
1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Han History, Later Han History, History of the Three Kingdoms. 12, four masters of the Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.
13, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. "Liaozhai" is the name of his library, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Alien" is a strange thing.
14. Four great calligraphers: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and Zhao Meng. The main schools and representatives of a hundred schools of thought contended in the Warring States Period: Confucianism, Confucius and Mencius, Han Feizi, Taoism, Zhuangzi, Liezi, Mohism, Mozi 16, and four great calligraphers in the Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You and Yang. Wang Changling 18, Tang Zong: Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin, Song Zu, Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Huang, Qin Shihuang, Ying Zheng, Hanwu, Emperor Liu Che 19, and the first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who "fought five fights without breaking his waist". 20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Overflow Higgins and Abalone.
2 1, a typical miser in China: Yan Jiansheng. Third, China literature is the best: the earliest collection of poems is The Book of Songs; The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in Tang Dynasty. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding collection of classical short stories in ancient China is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius. The earliest chronicle work in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan. The earliest biographical history in ancient times was Historical Records. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in Tang Dynasty. The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.
Fourth, cultural knowledge: 1. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo. 2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu.
3. "Four classic masterpieces": Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and Journey to the West. 4. "Four Legends": The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, butterfly lovers, Meng Jiangnv and the Legend of the White Snake.
5. The world's four great short story masters: Chekhov, Mo Bosang, Mark Twain and O Henry. 6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his poetry and Huang Tingjian are called "Su Huang".
7. Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece Tianjingsha Qiu Si is known as "the ancestor of Qiu Si". 8. Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions (also known as The Story of the Stone), the greatest realistic work in China's classical novels, which was widely circulated and loved by people after its publication. The study of this book, A Dream of Red Mansions, has now become an important topic in the study of world literature.
9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China, and Chen Yi is called "Marshal Poet". Cang Kejia is called a "local poet" because most of his poems are rural themes. In other places, Wen Yiduo is known as the "drummer of the times" (drummer poet). 10, three friends in the cold: pine, bamboo and plum.
1 1. Four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum. 12, four friends of literati: piano, chess, books and paintings.
13, Four Treasures of the Study: pen, ink, paper and inkstone. 14, Sikuquanshu: Scenery, History, Zi and Ji.
15, the "six meanings" in The Book of Songs refer to: style, elegance and praise.
7. Common sense of literature
Commonly used metonyms: 1, Mulberry: hometown 2, Taoli: student 3, country, Xuanyuan: country 4, Nanguan: prisoner 5, classmate: classmate 6, beacon smoke: battle 7, female 8, bamboo: music 9, male 6. History: Chronicle 13, husband and wife 14, Ding Bai, Buyi people 15, yellow hair: old man 16, mulberry mother: farming 17, support, overlooking: children/kloc.
3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su). 4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess) 5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu.
Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and the romantic style of China's poetry.
7. Confucius, named Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucius Sage" and Mencius as "Yasheng", both of whom are called "Confucius and Mencius". 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting."
9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are called "the history of poetry", so Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint". There are three famous officials: Tongguan officials, Shi Hao officials and Xin 'an officials. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness. 10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu), written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians", including: 12 biographies, 30, 70 and 650.
1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Han History, Later Han History, History of the Three Kingdoms. 12, four masters of the Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.
13, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. "Liaozhai" is the name of his library, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Alien" is a strange thing.
14, four great calligraphers: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun, Zhao Mengfu 15, 100 major schools in the warring States period and their representatives: Confucianism, Confucius, Mencius, Legalism, Han Feizi, Taoism, Zhuangzi, Li Ezi, Mohism, Mozi 16, and four great calligraphers in the Southern Song Dynasty. Wang Changling 18, Tang Zong: Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin, Song Zu, Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Huang, Qin Shihuang, Ying Zheng, Hanwu, Emperor Liu Che 19, and the first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who "fought five fights without breaking his waist". 20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Overflow Higgins and Abalone.
2 1, a typical miser in China: Yan Jiansheng. Third, China's literature is the best: the earliest collection of poems is The Book of Songs; The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in Tang Dynasty. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding collection of classical short stories in ancient China is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius. The earliest chronicle work in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan. The earliest biographical history in ancient times was Historical Records. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in Tang Dynasty. The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.
1. The first female poet was Cai Yan (Wen Xi). 2. The general history of the first biography: Historical Records. 3. The first dictionary is Erya. The first encyclopedia is Yongle Grand Ceremony. 5. The first book of poetry is The Book of Songs. 6. The first anthology is Selected Works of Zhao Ming. 7. The first dictionary is: Explaining the text. +00. The first collection of strange stories in classical Chinese: Search Ji Shen 1 1. The first quotation: The Analects of Confucius 12. The first chronicle book is: Chunqiu 13. The first dynastic history: Han Shu 14. The first art book: Sun Tzu's Art of War. Sima Xiangru 16. Yuefu: The Mulan word Peacock flies southeast. In addition, The Ode to Fu Qin is the three musts of Yuefu 17. Historiography: Historical Records History as a Mirror 18. Two beats: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu) 19. Du Li: Li Bai Du Fu Xiao Du Li: Li Shangyin Du Mu 20. The Gemini of China's Modern Literature: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo. Generation: Monday 23rd. Three biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals: Zuo Zhuan Yang Gongzhuan Gu Liangzhuan 24. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Shang Tang and Duke Zhou. Sanshan: Penglai abbot Yingzhou 26. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 27. Three fairs: Zhou, Sima Situ, Western Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Tai Wei, Imperial censor Qingming, Taishi Taifu Taibao 28. Three Cao Cao: the twenty-ninth Cao Cao and Cao Pi. Third Public Security Hospital: No.30, Yuan Hongdao Middle Road, Yuanzong Road. Jiangnan Sangu Building: Yueyang Tower, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower and Hunan Wangtengting 3 1. Three friends in cold years: Song 32. Three assistants: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng and Jing 33.
8. Common sense of China literature
1. age appellation 0 1, infant: baby under one year old 02, child: child of 2-3 years old 03, crying: child (also called "total angle") 04, cardamom:/kloc-woman of 0/3 years old 05, glutinous rice: a child. Half a Hundred) 10, 60 years: 1 1, 70 years:12, octogenarian: 80-90: 13, life year: 100. )
After obtaining the provincial examination (also known as "Qiu Wei"), students take the provincial examination and are accepted as "Juren". ) will try (also known as "Chunwei", the national examination, juren participated, and was admitted as "Gong Shi". )
Palace examination (national examination, the emperor's examiner, Gong participated, and was admitted as a "Jinshi". Among them, the first name is "No.1 Scholar", the second name is "No.1 Scholar" and the third name is "Exploring Flowers") (2) Content: Four Books and Five Classics, etc. And the article format is defined as "eight-part essay". Third, the main festival in ancient times (0 1) January day: the first day of the first month, starting in one year.
(02) People's Day: the seventh day of the first month, master. (03) Shangyuan: On the fifteenth day of the first month, lanterns are put on to watch a play, which is also called "Lantern Festival" (04) Social Day: around the vernal equinox, sacrifices are made to pray for farming.
(05) Cold food: Two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, there was no fire for three days (Wu Zixu) (06) Tomb-Sweeping Day: At the beginning of April, the grave was visited for sacrifice. (07) Dragon Boat Festival: on the fifth day of May, eating zongzi and rowing dragon boats (Qu Yuan) (08) Tanabata: on the seventh day of July, women seek cleverness (Cowherd and Weaver Girl) (09) Central Plains: July 15th, offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods, also known as "Ghost Festival" (10) Mid-Autumn Festival: August 15th, enjoying the moon.
(13) twelfth lunar month: On the eighth day of twelfth lunar month, drink Laba porridge (14) New Year's Eve: the last night of the year to welcome the new year at the beginning of the year. Fourth, the ancient punishment (0 1) torture: also known as "ink punishment", there are tattoos on the forehead and cheeks. (02) flogging: cutting off the nose (03) flogging: also known as "rod punishment", hitting the board (back, legs, buttocks) (04) flogging: cutting off the foot (He Shibei) (05) castration: also known as "putrefaction", cutting off the male genitals (. 5. Ancient chronology (heavenly stems: A, B, C, D, E, G, F, N, G, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D.
Its characteristics are as follows: a, heavenly stems and earthly branches each forms a Gregorian calendar year, such as "Jiazi Year" and "Renwu Year". B, heavenly stems and earthly branches collocation is always singular to singular, even to even, it is impossible to even and odd combination.
C, 60-year cycle, cycle after cycle. (2) Year number: Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, emperors have had year numbers when they acceded to the throne, and then the year number is used to mark the year.
Such as: the first year of Kangxi. * The year number and the year of the main branch can be used at the same time, such as: the second year of Shunzhi, April (3) The year of Prince Edward: a chronology method used in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, such as the sixteenth year of Zhao Huiwen, 6. Official position problem 1. The word (1) appoints officials: except worship (2) promotion: relocation (3) demotion: relocation to the left (4) dismissal (5) recruitment: requisition (6) transfer of Beijing officials. Six departments: (1) official department (appointment and removal of official positions, promotion, etc. ) (2) household department (local tax account, etc. ) (3) does not (imperial examination school, etc. (4) criminal department (judicial prison cases, etc. Ministry of war (frontier defense of military forces, etc.). (6) Ministry of Industry (water conservancy construction, etc. ) * "
(* * * Three parts) The first part is the Spring and Autumn Annals compiled by Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period; The detailed chronicle is Zuo Zhuan written by Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period. The largest one is Zi Tongzhi Jian written by Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty. (2) State style: the history recorded separately by the vassal states.
(* * * 2) The earliest Mandarin was written by Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period; The better is the Warring States Policy compiled by Liu Xiang in the early Han Dynasty. (3) Biography: reflecting historical events by describing the activities of characters.
First, Sima Qian's Historical Records in the Western Han Dynasty. The second part is Han Shu written by Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. ..... "History of Qing Dynasty". (* * * more than 20) (4) General history: break the boundaries of dynasties and describe the history from ancient times to the present.
First, Sima Qian's Historical Records; The second part is Sima Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian. (* * * * Two parts) (5) Chronicle: Narrating the history of a certain period or a certain dynasty.
The first is Han Shu written by Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The second part is Ye Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. ..... "History of Qing Dynasty". (* * * more than twenty) shows that the above (1) is classified according to different standards. In fact, the same history book can also be divided into different styles.
For example, Historical Records can be said to be a general history of biography. (2) The Twenty-four Histories compiled during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty are 24 historical books, the first one is Historical Records, and the last one is Ming History, all of which are biographical.
Moreover, except Historical Records, which is a general history, the other 23 books are dynastic history. Eight, the first in the history of China literature (1) The Book of Songs: China's first collection of poems.
(Author unknown) (2) The Art of War: China's first military work. (Spring and Autumn Sun Wu) (3) Mandarin: China's first national history book.
(Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period) (4) Spring and Autumn Period: China's first chronological history book. (Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period) (5) Zuo Zhuan: the first chronicled history book in China.
(Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period) (6) Historical Records: A General History of China's First Biography. (Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty) (7) Hanshu: the first dynastic history of China.
Ban Gu (Eastern Han Dynasty) (8) Peacock Flying Southeast: China's first narrative poem. (Author unknown) (9) "Li Sao": China first.