1 Confucius. Confucius was a great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In terms of moral thought, Confucius constructed a complete ideological system of "virtue and virtue": he advocated the virtue and virtue of "benevolence and courtesy" at the individual level; In the general plan of governing the country, the core content of Confucius' political thought is "courtesy" and "benevolence", and he advocates "governing the country by virtue"; In terms of economic thought, the most important thing is the concept of justice and benefit and the thought of "enriching the people", which is also the main content of Confucian economic thought and has a great influence on later generations. In education, he advocated "education without class", founded private schools and enrolled more students, which broke the monopoly of slave owners and nobles on school education and expanded the scope of education to civilians, conforming to the trend of social development at that time. Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and led some disciples to travel around the world for fourteen years. According to legend, he has 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages.
(2) Mozi. Mozi was a Song poet in the late Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the early Warring States Period. He served as a doctor in the Song Dynasty before his death. He was the founder of Mohism and a famous thinker, educator, scientist and strategist in the Warring States Period. Mozi is the only philosopher born as a farmer in the history of China. Mozi founded Mohism, which had a great influence in the pre-Qin period, and was called "one of the best" with Confucianism. He put forward the viewpoints of "universal love", "non-aggression", "Shang Xian", "Shang Tong", "ambition", "ghost", "death", "unhappiness" and "frugality". Take universal love as the core, frugality and sage as the fulcrum. Mozi founded a set of scientific theories with outstanding achievements in geometry, physics and optics during the Warring States Period. At that time, a hundred schools of thought contended and were called "non-Confucian Jimo". Mozi's educational thought is "to practice hard and observe discipline", and put forward the educational purpose of "promoting the benefits of the world and eliminating the harm of the world"
(3) Mencius. Mozi was a great thinker, educator and representative of Confucian school in the Warring States period. Also known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Mencius advocated the theory of good nature; In terms of social and political views, Mencius highlighted the king of benevolent governance; He also put forward that we should attach importance to the people, and you should mainly attach importance to the people's thoughts. "The wealth of princes is land, people and political affairs."; In terms of values, he emphasized that giving oneself up for righteousness, "life is also what I want;" Righteousness is also what I want. You can't have both, and you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness. "Emphasize that you should use' ceremony' to restrain your words and deeds, and you can't give up the ceremony for superior material conditions." It doesn't matter to me if I accept it for ten thousand minutes without distinguishing propriety! Mencius' educational thought is the inheritance and development of Confucius' educational thought of "teaching without class". For the improvement of educational methods, Mencius highly praised the traditional educational method of "teaching by changing children". His educational contribution is also unparalleled. He not only taught and educated people, but also trained outstanding students such as Le Zhengzi, Gong Sunchou and Zhang Wan. He also wrote seven books with his disciples for future generations.
(4) Xunzi. Xunzi was a thinker and educator of Zhao in the late Warring States period. Xunzi developed Confucianism. On the issue of human nature, he advocated the theory of evil nature, advocated that human nature was evil, denied the innate moral concept, and emphasized the influence of acquired environment and education on people. His theory is often compared with Mencius' theory of good nature by later generations, and Xunzi has also made considerable contributions to sorting out Confucian classics. Xunzi's articles have distinct themes and unique styles, and are known as "the great achievements of hundred schools of thought". His article has developed into a title paper in the form of quotations, marking the maturity of China's ancient reasoning. It has a certain influence on later reasoning articles. The five short poems in Xunzi created a literary genre, namely Fu. He wrote Xiang Xiang pian in the form of folk songs at that time, and the lyrics were easy to understand. He used rap to express his political and academic thoughts, which also had a certain influence on later generations. He deserves to be regarded as an outstanding writer and educator in ancient China.