1542, Henry VIII ordered Ireland to be directly under the jurisdiction of the king of England, and all church property on the island was nationalized. This nationalization was also implemented in Britain after the break-up of relations with the Catholic Church and the establishment of the Anglican Church. However, Irish aborigines and most Norman people who moved to Ireland later were still Catholics.
Henry VIII was afraid that foreign forces such as Spain would provoke an anti-British rebellion in Ireland. In addition, Henry VIII promoted Ireland from a principality to a kingdom, and positioned the relationship between Ireland and England as a common confederation, that is, the king of Ireland and the king of England were the same person.
The Irish parliament, like the English parliament, is divided into two houses, the upper house and the lower house, but most of the time the opportunities for Catholics to enter the parliament are controlled very little.
What really threatened England was the uprising organized by Hugh Hanell in 1595. Honel organized an Irish army of about 10 thousand people. This army has many rifles. The money for these rifles was paid by the Spanish, not from Scotland. In addition, Spain sent experts to help the Irish build forts.
In Honel's army, there are Irish aborigines and Norman immigrants. Because Ireland has always been poor, many Irish people used to be mercenaries in the Spanish army, where they received training and gained practical experience.
Honel's uprising began in Ostershire and soon spread to the whole island. An army from England to suppress the uprising was wiped out in a sudden attack. 1August 598 14, the British army suffered heavy losses again.
1660 restoration of Stuart dynasty. Although charles ii sympathized with Catholicism, he gave orders that were unfavorable to Irish economy. Ireland can only sell wool to Britain, which is a great blow to the Irish economy. In addition, Ireland does not allow direct trade with British colonies.
1685, when James II succeeded to the throne, James II declared him a Catholic, which led to a huge contradiction between the king and the Congress. In the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688, James II was overthrown, his Protestant son-in-law William III came to power, and James fled to France. From there he fled to Ireland, hoping to regain the British throne with the support of local Catholics.
William III decided to take military action against James. He defeated James in the Battle of Bonnie in 1690. James fled back to France. Catholics in Ireland lost many rights as a result.
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Then, in the eighteenth century,
/kloc-Great development of Irish economy in the 0/8th century. Flax business is booming, especially in urs and Thailand. Irish wool, beef, butter and pork are also important export commodities. Protestantism gradually regarded itself as the representative of the Irish nation and developed into a dynamic and unique parliamentary tradition.
The continuous Irish immigration tide also began in the18th century, when thousands of Presbyterians and a few Christians went to the New World. Since the 65438+1960s, the differences between Britain and the North American colonies have been expanding, which has contributed to the formation of the radical patriotic tradition.
Under the influence of the "French Revolution", this patriotic tradition finally produced a unified Irish society.
1789, Ireland and Irish society held an uprising. Although the rebellion left some traces of sectarian violence, the goal of the uprising was to establish an independent Republic of Ireland where all religions could enjoy equal status. After the uprising was suppressed, the merger bill of 1800 established a complete parliamentary union between Britain and Ireland.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Irish History