In China, the original meaning of the word "Yu" is a carriage or sedan chair, and it can also be interpreted as belonging to many people, many people or many people.

For example, in the twenty-eight years of Zuo Zhuan's reign, it was recited by people, and there was also a biography of God. Since ancient times, sages have always loved to listen to slanders and opinions on people, among which "in people" refers to all people.

As a sentence, "public opinion" was first seen in the Biography of the Three Kingdoms of Wang Wei Lang: "If you are not arrogant and impetuous, you will never be ambitious, and those who are afraid that the public opinion will not be smooth will be easy to change."

Later, it was found in Liang Shu's "Ji of Emperor Wu": "Can you do it, or hug it, or win public opinion?".

Among them, "public opinion" refers to the public's speech or public opinion.

In Europe, there was a record of similar public opinion as early as ancient society, but it was much later to formally use the word public opinion.

Voltaire called "public opinion" the king of the world in the18th century.

Rousseau used the concept of public opinion in his book On Social Contract, and thought: "Among all nationalities in the world, it is not nature but public opinion that determines people's love and hate."

In modern national or international life, public opinion has become a common word.

Although the word public opinion was not used until18th century, it was very similar to public opinion in many historical periods.

One of the oldest written records in ancient Egypt is a poem entitled "An argument between a man who is tired of life and his mind", which points out a complete change in the direction of public opinion.

Similar statements about people's attitudes can also be found in the history of Babylon and Assyria.

The prophets of ancient Israel sometimes defended the policies of * * *, and sometimes called on the people to oppose * * *.

In both cases, they must influence public opinion.

In ancient Greece, many people observed that everything depended on the people, and the people depended on words.

By persuading people, wealth, reputation and dignity can be gained or deprived.

Spreading news widely is a necessary means to form public opinion, which appeared in ancient Rome.

The spread of news is mostly through the channels between people.

In 5 1 BC, when Cicero, a Roman politician, was in Silesia, he asked his friend Cassius to tell him what was happening in the capital at any time.

There are wall newspapers in Rome, written by Roman officials and posted in public places to inform the public about * * * activities and local events.

In medieval Europe, people lived in a traditional rural society, and most of their activities and attitudes were determined by their personal living conditions, but similar public opinion phenomena could be observed among religious people, intellectuals and politicians.

Religious disputes, the holy Roman Empire's struggle for Pope's Month, and the prince's ambition to inherit the throne all involve efforts to convince followers and identify with supporters.

The propaganda war between the emperor and the pope was mainly carried out through sermons, but handwritten works also played a part.

Since the end of 13, the number of people who can participate in current affairs debates has expanded rapidly.

Among the secular population, education is constantly developing.

The Italian Renaissance led to the emergence of a number of writers and critics. Some princes who need to consolidate the nation-state urgently demand their services, and some writers are invited to serve as consultants and diplomatic envoys. Others are hired as commentators because they have the ability to influence opinions.

/kloc-the invention of movable type printing in the 0/5th century and the Protestant reform in the 0/6th century further increased the number of people who could form opinions on contemporary issues.

Martin Luther broke with humanists, abandoned the use of ancient Latin that only educated people could understand, and directly faced the public.

During the Thirty Years' War (16 18- 1648), some people tried to widely create and influence public opinion.

Both sides have distributed a large number of publicity materials, many of which have woodcut illustrations.

It also influences people's opinions through speeches, sermons and face-to-face discussions.

It is not surprising that Pope Paul IV drew up the first list of banned books in 1559.

French Charles IX issued a decree in 1563, and no work can be printed without the permission of the king.

More inconspicuous, but more importantly, newspapers and news are already developing.

By 1500, special news newspapers can already be bought in many big cities in Europe.

About 1600, the first batch of newspapers published regularly appeared, and then developed rapidly, although they were often harassed by censorship regulations.

Permanent postal service began in France in 1464 and was implemented in the Austrian Empire in 1490, which greatly promoted the dissemination of information.

The formation of public opinion has two opposing and complementary processes.

One is from the spontaneity of the masses, and the other is from purposeful guidance.

When new problems appear in society, individuals in social groups spontaneously and dispersedly express their attitudes towards this problem based on their own material interests and cultural literacy.

The number of people with similar attitudes gradually increased, and they spread their influence to each other and condensed into convincing public opinion.

Political leading groups or authoritative figures, according to people's wishes, put forward some propositions or calls, which aroused widespread public opinion and can also be transformed into public opinion.

The formation process of these two kinds of public opinions is actually mutual transformation, or it comes from the masses first and then spreads to the masses through authority; Or through authoritative organization and mobilization, and then spread to the masses.

News communication tools play an important role in reflecting public opinion, forming and guiding public opinion.

If public opinion exists only in the street talk, or only recorded in the resolution, its power is limited.

Only through the wide dissemination of newspapers, news agencies, radio and television and other news media, can people pay attention to a social problem, and can public opinion be condensed and people's thoughts and actions be influenced.

Therefore, newspapers and periodicals are also recognized as "media".

Some political groups use the news media to release "political air" to test the reaction of public opinion, which further expands the role of public opinion of the news media.

Public opinion is an important content of news reports, and news reports are the main way of public opinion dissemination.

Public opinion is closely related to news.