Before the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate, it was a peaceful period in Japan, a prosperous time in ancient Japan, and the most prosperous era of the Japanese emperor's regime. However, when everything reaches its peak, it will inevitably start to decline. Political, economic, cultural and military reasons led to the gradual loss of imperial power. The most important reason is the emergence of "customs politics" in the last years of Ping 'an. The politics of customs clearance is very simple, that is to say, the powerful masses and nobles are in power and overhead the emperor. In fact, this is a way to marry the royal family. This noble family is the four families of Fujiwara. They claim to be the heroes of "changing the old into the new", and they are favored by emperors of past dynasties, monopolizing state affairs, and gradually the emperors can't control them. Fujiwara married his daughter into the royal family, married the emperor, gave birth to a son and became the heir to the throne. Then, after the death of the old emperor, the little emperor succeeded. Fujiwara's family members occupied the most important position of "Guan Bai" in the name of assisting the young emperor and passed it down from generation to generation. This is "breaking away from politics". In the late imperial court, life was extravagant and decadent, and the people exploited the people at will, especially the martial arts in the wild, but looked down on suppressing martial arts everywhere in political and social status.
The Wu family is a new landlord class in opposition, with both young people and emerging lords. Although they have no political rights in the imperial court and their social status is not as good as that of public nobles, they control the local economic strength, especially their powerful private army.
The contradiction between the people and the Takeshi family is rising day by day, and finally "Pingmen Rebellion" and "Fujiwara Junyou Rebellion" broke out. Although the rise of the Pingjia samurai finally put down the two chaos, the status of the Wu family, especially its military status, was recognized by the court. In the subsequent "Chung Ping Chang Rebellion", the imperial forces were obviously insufficient, and the combat effectiveness of the generals was low, so we had to send another army of Wu, namely Qinghe Genji. Since then, the root armor warrior has risen.
After these changes, samurai finally appeared and stood on the historical stage of Japan. And Ping Jia and Yuan Jia became the two leaders of all military schools in Japan, and began the "Yuan Ping dispute". At first, Pingjia mastered the imperial court and surpassed Yuan Jia in all aspects. Later, Yuan Jia prevailed. After a tug-of-war, Yuan Ping's dispute ended in Yuan Jia's final victory. During this period, there appeared many famous military generals and stories, such as Yuan Yijing and Benkei Musashibo. In a word, Pingqing died in the heyday, and Yuan Laichao killed his own enemy, thus destroying the last army of Pingjia. 1 185, the shogunate was established in kamakura. 1 192, Yuan Laichao was named "the general of foreign expeditions", and Japan entered the shogunate political era when the emperor had no right.
Nine generations of Kamakura shogunate, about 140 years.
2. Muromachi shogunate.
At the end of Kamakura shogunate, shogunate politics gradually declined, and local nobles and people gradually became dissatisfied with tokugawa era. At this time, the royal family, who had been silent for 140 years, was ready to move. In particular, the emperor's inheritance rights were controlled by the Kamakura shogunate, and two imperial systems emerged, namely, the "divine monarch system" and the "generation system". The emperor's right to inherit has always been controversial. Later, the Kamakura shogunate presided over the inheritance of the two systems, and designated Daigo's successor as gonizyouteNnou's son, thus depriving Daigo's son of the inheritance right. As a direct cause, Emperor Godego actively launched a comprehensive political, cultural and military movement.
After the "Middle Change" Movement, Kamakura shogunate politics was in jeopardy. In addition, the shogunate at that time was ruled by North Island, which was unpopular when North Island was high. The local martial arts nobles rebelled one after another, and the people began to rise up. The troops sent by the shogunate to suppress were either wiped out or ran away from the scene. The most famous is the shogunate's conquering general Ashi, who suddenly raised the rebellious flag on the way out and went to Ueno. 1333, Takashi Kitajima and his family committed suicide. The kamakura shogunate perished.
However, it is useless to reuse these military commanders after Daigo has mastered the affairs of state. But he only appointed a public aristocrat to be in charge of state affairs, which aroused the dissatisfaction of the military commanders who participated in the promotion of the Kamakura shogunate. Finally, the Ashikaga family (that is, the Ashikaga family, which was given a statue by the emperor because of his positive actions) rose again, expelling Daigo, the Weiqi player, and changing Emperor Xuanzong as the new emperor. Ming Chengzu named the Ashikaga family "Zheng" as the Northern Dynasty.
Daigo, who was expelled from Go, took the "three artifacts" of the Japanese Emperor's family, Kusanagi sword, eight-foot jade hook and eight mirrors, and fled to Yoshino, the Yamato country, and became the Southern Dynasty. Since then, Japan has entered the era of opposition between the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
After many attacks and defenses, the power of the Southern Dynasties declined. Finally, the Emperor of the Southern Dynasties handed over three artifacts to the Emperor of the Northern Dynasties, ending the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The influence of Japan's Southern and Northern Dynasties continued into modern times. After Meiji succeeded to the throne, the question of whether Meiji was orthodox was raised by Yukio Qiushui. After discussion, it is stipulated that the emperor of the Southern Dynasty is the Japanese orthodox, and the emperor of the Northern Dynasty keeps his name, but it is not included in the orthodox. This is another story.
From the establishment of the Muromachi shogunate in 1336 to the end of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in 1392, the political power was stabilized when the third generation general Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (a clever general in recess who was familiar to all Ashikaga representatives).
There are 16 generations of generals in the Muromachi shogunate (interpreted as 10 generation generals and 12 generation generals are the same person, and 10 generation generals Ashikaga Cai Yi retired in the Ming Yinglie uprising, and later reset the generals and renamed Ashikaga Yi Chan). 1573, the last general, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, was expelled by Nonaga Oda, and the Muromachi shogunate perished, totaling about 237 years.
3. edo shogunate.
The Japanese entered the Warring States Period from the 1467 Ren Ying Rebellion at the end of Muromachi Shogunate. There are many sayings about the end of the Warring States Period. Personally, I prefer 16 15. Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated Toyotomi Hideyori in Osaka Summer War and the Toyotomi family perished. This period covers the end of Muromachi shogunate and the whole Antutao Mountain era.
The Japanese are familiar with the Warring States Period. In short, there are many famous soldiers fighting in disorder. Oda Nobunaga, Tokugawa Ieyasu, Uesugi Naoshi, Kosuke Kitajima,,, and Maori dollars are too numerous to mention. These are all names, and there are many military commanders under his command. There are countless titles of three men, four kings, seven guns, ten warriors, sixteen gods and twenty-four generals ... I won't list them one by one ... Before the world armament was completed, Nobuyuki Oda suffered the change of Beneng Temple, and the gradually unified world suddenly fell apart, and his men were divided into several factions to fight with each other. Feather Chai Xiuji gradually won, among which, Tokugawa Ieyasu's vision and political sense of smell have to be said. Tokugawa Ieyasu has been his ally since Nobunaga's time, and has been sticking to it to the end. Tokugawa Ieyasu (also known as Matsubara Yasunari at that time) stood firmly on Nobutaka's side and was once his only ally. On the battlefield, you can always see brave warriors from Three Rivers rushing in front of the troops, followed by warriors from Andy and MINO. Tokugawa Ieyasu killed his eldest son in order to weave nobunaga. After the death of Nonaga Oda, Toyotomi Hideyoshi (that is, Yukio Hatoyama, Toyotomi's surname was given by the Emperor) also saw the strength of Tokugawa Ieyasu, an ally. Especially after the battle between Komaki and Nagano, Toyotomi Hideyoshi thought that Tokugawa Ieyasu could not be eliminated, so he turned to constantly win over Konka. In fact, Toyotomi Hideyoshi also had the idea of becoming a general. He wanted to conquer foreigners and set up a shogunate. However, because Toyotomi Hideyoshi was born in a relatively low background, he didn't have his own retainers and generals. He was afraid that others would not accept him. After careful consideration, he accepted the position of Guan Bai. Later, he retired from the position of Guan Bai and became a member of the cabinet. Thanks to Toyotomi Hideyoshi's efforts, the names of all four places were conquered and Japan was reunified. But it didn't last long. Toyotomi Hideyoshi is dead, and rumors are everywhere. In the new era, no matter where, the names of the old military commanders are dead, and no one is Tokugawa Ieyasu's opponent. As one of the five practices of Toyotomi Hideyoshi orphan Toyotomi Hideyori, Ishida Mitsunari felt that Tokugawa Ieyasu threatened the rule of the Toyotomi family, so he contacted celebrities from all over the country to impeach Tokugawa Ieyasu. Finally, in 1600, the official garden war broke out, and the names of all Japan were included in the East Army. In the end, Dong Jun of Tokugawa Ieyasu won, and Tokugawa Ieyasu's power was in full swing. 1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu was appointed as a foreign general, and the edo shogunate was established (in order to be a foreign general, Tokugawa Ieyasu once changed his family lineage. It is said that there is an unwritten rule that foreign generals must have Genji family lineage, so they changed their surname to Tokugawa and claimed to be Genji family. 1605, Tokugawa Ieyasu retired from the position of general and gave it to three of his men. Xiuzhong became Taisho and lived in Fujun City in seclusion, but actually he still manipulated everything of the shogunate. After 16 15, Toyotomi Hideyori was defeated by Osaka Summer War, which completely wiped out the Toyotomi family and consolidated the Tokugawa shogunate.
Edo shogunate