The predecessor of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is the "Shanghai Five" mechanism. The "Shanghai Five" mechanism originated from the negotiation process of strengthening trust and disarmament in border areas with China as one side and Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan as the other. After the end of the cold war, great changes have taken place in the international and regional situations. China, Russia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have intensified their negotiations on confidence and disarmament in border areas, so as to strengthen good-neighborly relations of mutual trust and friendly cooperation. 1April 26, 1996 and1April 24, 1997, the five countries met in Shanghai first and then in Moscow, and signed the Agreement on Strengthening Confidence in the Military Field in Border Areas and the Agreement on Mutual Reduction of Military Forces in Border Areas respectively. This is the first multinational bilateral political and military document in the Asia-Pacific region, which has been widely concerned and highly praised by the international community. Since then, the annual meeting of the five heads of state has been fixed and held in turn in various countries. 1998 to 2000, five-nation summits were held in Almaty, Bishkek and Dushanbe. During the Dushanbe meeting, Uzbek President Karimov was invited to attend the meeting as a guest. The content of the meeting gradually expanded from strengthening trust in border areas to discussing all-round mutually beneficial cooperation in politics, security, diplomacy, economy and trade, humanities and other fields. Since the first meeting was held in Shanghai, the mechanism has been called "Shanghai Five". Entering the 2 1 century, facing the trend of globalization, all countries in the world are accelerating the pace of regional cooperation in order to more effectively grasp the historical opportunity of peace and development and resist various risks and challenges. At the same time, after the end of the Cold War, terrorism, separatism and extremism have become increasingly rampant in this region, seriously threatening the security and stability of all countries. China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Ukraine all face the arduous task of developing their own economies and realizing national rejuvenation, and all have the common desire and urgent need to further strengthen regional cooperation. Against this background, on June 4, 2006, the heads of state of the "Shanghai Five" member countries and the President of Ukraine met in Shanghai and signed a joint statement accepting Ukraine to join the "Shanghai Five" mechanism. On June 5438+05, the six heads of state jointly issued the Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, announcing the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on the basis of the "Shanghai Five" mechanism. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization was formally announced. In July 2005, the Astana Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization decided that China would host the 2006 Summit. The summit is scheduled to be held in Shanghai in the middle of June. This summit coincides with the 5th anniversary of the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the 10 anniversary of the establishment of the "Shanghai Five" mechanism, attracting worldwide attention. After consultations among member states, China will invite the Presidents of Mongolia, Pakistan, Iran and the Prime Minister of India as observers, and the President of Afghanistan, leaders of ASEAN and CIS as guests of the presidency. During the summit, the heads of member States intend to issue a declaration, and will also approve the candidates for the next secretary-general of the organization and the director of the executive Committee of the regional anti-terrorism agency. Some departmental cooperation documents will also be signed.