Shikumen is the most characteristic residential building in Shanghai. The old alleys in Shanghai are generally Shikumen buildings, which originated during the Taiping Rebellion. At that time, the war forced wealthy businessmen, landlords and officials in Jiangsu and Zhejiang to take refuge in the concession, and foreign real estate developers took the opportunity to build a large number of houses. In the twenties and thirties of last century, enclosure was still the main feature of Shanghai housing, but sculpture was not paid attention to, so Shikumen housing combining Chinese and western styles came into being. This kind of building absorbs the style of Jiangnan residential buildings, with stone as the door frame and solid thick wood with black paint as the door leaf, hence the name "Shikumen". China Residential Building Group 23 Shanghai residential building design adopts Shikumen building, a common stamp in China. China * * * Production Party was also born in a typical Shikumen building on Wang Zhi Road (now No.76 Xingye Road). Shanghai enjoys the reputation of "World Architecture Expo". On the roadside of the Bund, towering buildings with different styles such as Gothic, Romanesque, Renaissance and Baroque show the elegance of architectural art. Similarly, modern residential buildings in Shanghai are resplendent and colorful. Strolling through the streets and savoring these houses in Shanghai, you will feel that the old house with unique charm is also a beautiful scenery. Shikumen dwellings were born out of traditional quadrangles in China. /kloc-In the late 20th century, houses built with traditional wooden structures and brick walls began to appear in Shanghai. Because the outer door of this kind of residence is made of stone, it is called "Shikumen". As a product of architecture and culture, Shikumen, a combination of Chinese and Western culture, left a deep impression on the modern architectural history of China. Its appearance is a necessity of city life. The modern life with foreign flavor has broken the traditional life mode of quadrangle-style big family and replaced it with Shikumen Hutong culture suitable for single immigrants and small families. Pavilion, living room, wing, patio, second landlord, white-faced wife, seventy-two tenants and other terms related to Shikumen have all become warm memories of old Shanghainese. Shikumen architecture prevailed in the 1920s, occupying more than three quarters of the residential buildings at that time. Up to now, nearly 40% of Shencheng residents still live in Shikumen with a history of more than 100 years. Shikumen is mostly a two-story building with brick and wood structure. Inclined roofs often have tiger windows, red brick exterior walls and traditional archways in China. The gate consists of two solid black painted wooden doors, which rotate with wooden shafts and are usually equipped with knockers. The knocking at the entrance and exit echoed in the ancient Shikumen Hutong. The lintel adopts the traditional brick-carved green tile roof, and the exterior wall is carved with western-style buildings in detail. There is a balcony on the second floor, and the overall layout adopts European townhouse style. At present, Shanghai pays attention to the preservation of old buildings, and some Shikumen Alleys with Shanghai characteristics are preserved as a whole group of modern excellent buildings. The most typical feature of the residential buildings in Shikumen Lane is the combination of Chinese and Western. Shikumen is a traditional two-story and three-story courtyard house in Jiangnan. Generally, the entrance is a small patio, followed by the living room, followed by the sun well. The back patio is the stove and the back door, and there are left and right wings on both sides of the patio and the living room. On the first floor, there is a "pavilion" above the kitchen, and then a terrace. On the whole, rows of layouts come from Europe, with carved patterns of western architecture on the details of the external walls and western patterns on the triangular or arc doors. Shanghai houses have the name "Nong", and people in other cities can't even pronounce this word correctly. In fact, "agriculture" is just a general term that is different from "hutong" in street houses. Most of the early Shikumen were called alley, which is what we often call alley. The names of alley, lane, lane, village, apartment and villa are commonly used in alley, and the level is gradually improved. The latter type, also known as the new alley, has better living conditions than the old Shikumen in the early days, and is equipped with European fireplace, chimney on the roof, vent and big bathroom. The new-style Lane residence appeared in the concession in the late 1920s, which is generally closer to the architectural style of modern European-style residence than Shikumen. The architectural forms are mostly mixed structures, which pay attention to the use function. The new alley has a unique and neat appearance, exquisite and comfortable decoration, spacious outdoor driveway, courtyard greening in front of the building and beautiful living environment, which is different from the old Shikumen. A large glass balcony is set on the front, which makes the ventilation and lighting conditions of the house better; Shannan Village (formerly the Royal Garden of Shannan South Road 15 1) was built by the French Catholic Church in 1930. Before War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, it was all inhabited by foreigners and consisted of four-story houses in the shape of butterflies. In addition to the alley, the apartment-style residential buildings in Shanghai reflect the elegance and splendor of modern architectural art, and can better reflect the urban landscape and the originality of architectural designers in Shanghai. The apartments in the building were concentrated in the prosperous sections of commercial traffic at that time, and most of them were occupied by Chinese and foreign senior staff before liberation. Appreciating such a building is like appreciating an artistic treasure. For example, Yongye Building on Yandang Road in Huaihai Middle Road has adopted a round roof with four corners, forming a unique roof contour. For example, Wu Kang Tower (Dongmeite Apartment) on Huaihai Road, the earliest veranda apartment in Shanghai, and Lumidan Apartment, a distinctive bionic building in Wu Kang, etc. These buildings will appear short and ancient in modern architecture, but their unique sense of vicissitudes and nobility is incomparable to the nouveau riche.