People's activities to create history are carried out under certain social and historical conditions. At different stages of the development of human society, people play different roles in creating history. In a society where class exploitation and oppression exist, the working people are in a position of exploitation and oppression, their enthusiasm and creativity for production are greatly suppressed, and their role in creating history is limited. The establishment of the socialist system provides a social premise for the broad masses of working people to give full play to their historical initiative and creativity. People are liberated from the status of being exploited, oppressed and enslaved and become the masters of the country and society. The socialist mode of production has realized the combination of workers and means of production. The development of social productive forces means the improvement of people's material and cultural level, and the development of social democracy means that people can better exercise their interests as masters of the country. This has greatly stimulated the people's enthusiasm and historical initiative in creating history. Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), although the road we have traveled is uneven and has experienced twists and turns, it is precisely because the people believe in * * *, believe in socialism and support the Party and * * * * that we have overcome all difficulties and setbacks, overcome shortcomings and mistakes in our work, and make our socialist cause develop continuously. In the past 50 years, China's socialist revolution and construction have made great achievements, from a backward country with poor and weak accumulation to a prosperous socialist power. This fully shows that once the people have mastered their own destiny, they will glow with infinite wisdom and strength. People are the solid foundation and source of strength for China's socialist cause.

Historical materialism holds that "the people, only the people, are the driving force to create world history." The masses of the people are an important social and historical category of historical materialism, which has quantitative provisions, that is, most residents; At the same time, it has qualitative stipulation, which refers to all people who play a driving role in social history, including all classes, strata and social groups that play a role in promoting historical development in class society. No matter how the historical situation changes, the main body and stable part of the people are always the working people and their intellectuals engaged in the production of material materials. People play a decisive role in historical development, which is fully reflected in all aspects of social life. People are the creators of social material wealth and social spirit.

The historical view profoundly reveals that people's creative activities are restricted by social and historical conditions. Social and historical conditions refer to the sum of all existing social factors, which can be roughly divided into three categories: economy, politics and spirit. Economic conditions include productivity and relations of production, among which productivity plays a decisive role in people's creation of history. Under different political systems, people's role in creating history is very different. In spiritual conditions, science and culture occupy a very important position. The development level of science and culture in the whole society, especially the level of mastering science and culture by the masses, directly affects the role of the masses in creating history. It is the strategic task of a socialist country to vigorously develop scientific and cultural undertakings and give full play to the role of the people as historical masters.

Historical materialism opposes the heroic historical view and insists that the people are the creators of history, but it does not deny the role of historical figures in historical development. Mainly manifested in the following aspects: historical figures are the parties to historical events, and historical figures are often the direct participants, planners and commanders of major historical events, so they always have to put their own brand on historical events. Historical figures are the initiators of historical tasks. They stand taller and see farther than ordinary people. His desire to solve historical tasks is stronger than others, which points out the direction for the development of historical process. Historical figures are the influencers of historical process, which can influence or even decide historical events and accelerate or delay the settlement of historical tasks. However, historical materialism does not exaggerate the role of historical figures, and holds that the role of historical figures should be restricted by social and historical conditions. Because the appearance of historical figures is the product of certain social and historical conditions, that is, the times make heroes. Heroes created in a certain era must have the characteristics of the times. In other words, any historical figure has its historical limitations. In a class society, historical figures are bound by class. Therefore, the evaluation of historical figures should adhere to two basic principles: the scientific attitude of historical materialism and the class analysis method.

Historical materialism not only reveals the historical role of the masses and individuals and their relationship with social and historical conditions, but also reveals the relationship between individuals and collectives, leaders and the masses. In the relationship between individuals and collectives, they are interdependent and interactive. On the one hand, the individual depends on the collective, and without the collective, there is no individual. On the other hand, personal influence's collectives also depend on individuals. The role of the collective and society on the individual is primary and basic. Therefore, when dealing with the contradiction between collective interests and individual interests, Marxists put collective interests above individual interests. In socialist society, individual interests and collective interests are basically the same. Only with the development of collective undertakings and the prosperity of the country can the growing material and cultural needs of individuals be met, and the socialist collective provides superior conditions for the development of individual intelligence and personality. Therefore, in socialist society, we should carry forward collectivism and revolutionary heroism and overcome individualism and negative inaction.

The historical view also scientifically reveals the relationship between leaders and the masses. The class nature and historical mission of the working class have cultivated their leaders' excellent qualities superior to other historical figures, and endowed them with incomparable great functions. Working-class leaders have many functions for the masses, including foresight, education, unity and command. Theoretically, the leaders of the working class are the epitome of Marxist theory. They have made great contributions to Marxist theory, especially the theory of scientific socialism. In practice, the leaders of the working class have made immortal contributions to promoting the workers' movement and the cause of socialism and communism. Without leaders, the struggle of the working class will be in a state of spontaneity, exploration and disintegration.

At the same time, the leaders of the working class cannot live without the masses and must rely on them. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects: from the root, leaders are produced from the masses and mass movements; Politically, leaders should concentrate on listening to the correct opinions of the masses; In terms of work style, leaders should always keep close contact with the masses; The masses need leadership, and leadership must rely on the masses, which is more fundamental. Therefore, the leaders of the working class must adhere to the mass viewpoint and mass line.

The mass viewpoint is the basic viewpoint of working-class political parties, and its main contents include: firmly believing that the people liberate themselves, serving the people wholeheartedly, being responsible for the people and learning from them. Adhering to the mass viewpoint in specific work requires a mass line. The mass line is the fundamental political line and organizational line of the working-class party, and it is also the fundamental method of leadership and work. Its essence is: from the masses, to the masses. Concentrate and stick to it. Use the mass line to unite the views of the masses, that is, "everything is for the masses, everything depends on the masses, from the masses to the masses." Scientifically summarize and put forward the mass line of working-class political parties. This is the great contribution of China and Comrade * * * to Marxism-Leninism. Adhering to the mass line is one of the remarkable characteristics that distinguish our party from other political parties. Under the new situation of establishing the socialist market economic system, adhering to the mass viewpoint and mass line is not only of great theoretical significance, but also of great practical significance, which is the inevitable requirement and the fundamental way to implement Theory of Three Represents.

As a powerful ideological weapon for the working class to understand and transform society, historical materialism is a scientific view of history. It reproduces social organisms in theory, in order to urge the working class to lead the people to devote themselves to the great struggle of social progress and human liberation in practice. Marxism holds that the basic trend of social development is progressive and upward, and it is a specific historical process from low to high. Social progress is first manifested in the historical process of the development of social form from low to high, and also in the internal development of the same social form. Of course, the progress of society is not straight, but tortuous.

Social progress is manifested in the development of social material civilization and spiritual civilization. Material civilization is the sum of the material achievements of human beings in transforming nature, including productivity, production scale, social material wealth accumulation, people's daily material living conditions and so on. Spiritual civilization is the sum of the spiritual achievements of human beings in transforming the subjective world and the objective world at the same time, and it is the embodiment of the development level of human spiritual production and its positive achievements. Spiritual civilization includes two aspects: on the one hand, it refers to intelligence and culture; On the other hand, it refers to ideological and moral aspects. Social and political thoughts and people's morality are the most representative factors of spiritual civilization. In the development of social civilization, material civilization is the foundation and fundamental symbol of the development of social civilization. Spiritual civilization is the necessary guarantee and development condition of material civilization, which has a great promoting effect on material civilization. In China, due to the establishment of public ownership of the means of production, people become the masters of society. This has opened up a broad road for the development of socialist civilization. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, the level of productivity is constantly improving, and people's lives are getting richer and richer. Building Socialism with Chinese characteristics's common ideal has provided a strong ideological guarantee for the cause of socialist modernization.

The whole purpose of historical materialism is to promote social progress and solve the problem of human liberation. Marxism holds that man is always a social person and the sum of all social relations. The essence of man and man is social, concrete and historic at the same time. Because historical materialism scientifically explains the essence of human beings and points out the correct way to realize the ultimate liberation for all mankind. The liberation of human beings is closely related to the development of social relations and social progress, and they are mutually conditional. On the other hand, the degree of human liberation is an important symbol of social progress, which affects the nature and level of social progress. Every major progress in history, people have won some freedom from natural forces and social relations, which is more or less close to the threshold for human beings to enter the kingdom of freedom from the realm of necessity. The so-called kingdom of necessity refers to a social state in which people are dominated by blind inevitability, especially by the slavery of social relations created by themselves. The kingdom of freedom means that people get rid of the slavery of blind inevitability and become the masters of their own social relations, thus becoming a social state of nature and their own masters. In a society based on private ownership of the means of production, workers make history in a state of exploitation, oppression and slavery. Only in a communist society can private ownership and all the unequal social relations associated with private ownership be completely eliminated. At the same time, inheriting and vigorously developing the material and spiritual wealth created by society in the past is a leap from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom. The communist free kingdom is not only the ideal goal of social progress, but also the inevitable destination of human liberation. Communism is not only the most scientific ideological system and social system, but also a great practical movement. Realizing the lofty ideal of communism has a long way to go, and it will take several generations or even more time. Even the hard work and struggle of dozens of generations. The task of the working class and its political party in contemporary China is to have lofty ideals of communism and work hard for the great cause of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics.