First of all, the Great Wall
The Great Wall, also known as the Great Wall of Wan Li, is an ancient military defense project in China. It is a tall, solid and continuous long wall, which is used to limit the enemy's actions. The Great Wall is not a simple isolated wall, but a defense system with the wall as the main body and a large number of cities, obstacles, pavilions and landmarks.
The history of the construction of the Great Wall can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the famous allusion "bonfire drama princes" occurred in Haojing, the capital (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) originated from this. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, countries competed for hegemony and defended each other, and the construction of the Great Wall entered its first climax, but the construction length at this time was relatively short. After Qin destroyed the six countries and unified the world, Qin Shihuang connected and repaired the Great Wall of the Warring States Period, which was called the Great Wall of Wan Li. The Ming Dynasty was the last dynasty to overhaul the Great Wall, and most of the Great Wall seen by people today was built at this time. ?
Great Wall resources are mainly distributed in Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Henan, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Shaanxi Province is the province with the richest resources of the Great Wall in China, with a length of 1838km? . According to the results of the national Great Wall resources survey conducted by cultural relics and surveying and mapping departments, the total length of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty was 885 1.8km, and it was more than 1 1,000 km in Qin and Han Dynasties and its early period, and the total length was more than 2 1 1,000 km. 196 1 On March 4th, the Great Wall was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1987 65438+February, the Great Wall was listed as a world cultural heritage.
Second, the Forbidden City in Beijing
The Forbidden City in Beijing is the imperial palace of China in Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as the Forbidden City, located in the center of Beijing's central axis, which is the essence of ancient court architecture in China. The Forbidden City in Beijing is centered on three halls, covering an area of 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about10.5 million square meters. There are more than 70 palaces and 9000 houses. It is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden buildings in the world.
The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle (1406), based on the Forbidden City in Nanjing, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420). It is a rectangular city with a length of 96 1 m from north to south and a width of 753 m from east to west. Surrounded by a wall with a height of 10 meter, there is a moat with a width of 52 meters outside the city. The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The center of the outer court is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, which are collectively called the three halls, and are the places where the country holds ceremonies. The center of the Forbidden City is Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, collectively referred to as the last three palaces, which are the main palaces where emperors and empresses live.
Three. Terracotta Army
Terracotta Warriors and Horses, namely the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, are the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units and the first batch of Chinese world heritage. They are located in the Terracotta Warriors Pit 1.5 km east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in Lintong District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province.
Terracotta warriors and horses are a category of ancient tomb sculptures. In ancient times, human sacrifice was practiced, and slaves were accessories of slave owners before their death. When they die, the slaves will be buried with the slave owners as sacrifices. Terracotta warriors and horses were made into sacrifices in the shape of troops (chariots, horses and soldiers).
196 1 On March 4th, the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1March, 974, the Terracotta Warriors were discovered; From 65438 to 0987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List, and were praised as "the eighth wonder of the world". More than 200 foreign heads of state and government have visited here successively, becoming the gold-lettered business card of China's splendid ancient civilization and being regarded as one of the top ten treasures of ancient tombs in the world.
Four. Mogao Grottoes
Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as Thousand Buddha Cave, is located in Dunhuang at the western end of Hexi Corridor. Founded in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Countries, after the Sixteen Countries, Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, it has formed a huge scale, with 735 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals and 24 15 clay sculptures. It is the largest and richest Buddhist art site in the world.
196 1 year, the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) announced the Mogao grottoes as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1987, Mogao grottoes was listed as a world cultural heritage. Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, and Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu are also called the four major grottoes in China.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Potala Palace
Potala Palace (Tibetan:, Tibetan Pinyin: Potala, Willie: Potala) is located on Maburi Mountain in the northwest of Lhasa, the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region, China. It is a magnificent building with the highest altitude in the world, integrating palaces, castles and monasteries. It is also the largest and most well-preserved ancient palace complex in Tibet.
Potala Palace is an outstanding representative of Tibetan ancient architecture (it is said that it originated from Sangzhu Zizong Fort). The essence of China ancient architecture is the landscape pattern on the back of the fifth set of RMB 50 yuan banknotes. . The main building is divided into White House and Red Palace. The palace is more than 200 meters high, with exterior 13 floors and interior 9 floors. There is Potala Palace Square in front of Potala Palace, which is the highest city square in the world.
Potala Palace was originally built for Zambson Zagambo, a Tubo dynasty, to marry Bhrikuti Devi and Princess Wencheng. 1645 (the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty), the Potala Palace was rebuilt by Wang Gushi Khan, the protector of the vassal state of Qing Dynasty and the Shuote khanate, and Sonan Qunpei, the regent of Gelug Sect. It became the residence of the Dalai Lama's Winter Palace, the place where major religious and political ceremonies were held, and the place where the Dalai Lama's stupa was enshrined. In the past, it was the ruling center together with the yamen, the minister stationed in Tibet.
References:
Great Wall-Baidu Encyclopedia? Beijing Forbidden City-Baidu Encyclopedia? Terracotta Warriors-Baidu Encyclopedia
? Mogao Grottoes-Baidu Encyclopedia Potala Palace-Baidu Encyclopedia