Tell you about the characteristics of rabies: rabies can infect all kinds of animals, and the pathogen is rabies virus. Dogs attack people and animals and eventually die of paralysis, which is also known as the main manifestation of mad dog disease's rampage and consciousness disorder.
Rabies virus mainly exists in the brain tissue and spinal cord of sick animals. There are a lot of viruses in the salivary glands and saliva of dogs, which are excreted through saliva. Dogs developed clinical symptoms from 10 to 15 days ago, and symptoms appeared after 6 to 7 months. Saliva may contain viruses. Therefore, when animals are bitten by sick animals, they may be infected with diseases. Some seemingly healthy dogs and cats may contain viruses in their saliva. When they lick people or live with other animals or people, they also infect people with diseases. In addition, many wild animals, such as wolves, foxes, deer, bats and other infectious diseases not only die, but also spread more widely. For example, some kinds of bat rabies virus often attack people and livestock, which increases the incidence of infection. Air polluted by respiratory secretions and urine can cause respiratory infections in humans and animals. Gastrointestinal infections in wild animals are caused by scratching the dead bodies of diseases. Therefore, unlike in the past, the infection route of rabies is only through bites.
diagnostic criteria
Epidemiological characteristics: The incidence rate is higher with dog activities in spring and summer: (1) The disease is usually distributed in a tabular form, and it is a single case with many cases, among which the number of bites by crazy animals is the highest in history.
(2) Clinical features: violent turbulence and disorder in dogs. At the beginning of his illness, he was depressed and his behavior was abnormal. He did not listen to the call of happiness to hide the darkness. He has fresh sand, wood, mud and other things, dogs, pica, and often licks his tongue and bites him. Soon became irritable and attacked people? And livestock often run aimlessly. The dog is getting thinner and thinner, with a drooping chin and a drooping tail, sandwiched between two hind legs. Hoarseness, salivation and dysphagia. In the late stage, dogs, paralysis, difficulty in walking, general failure and respiratory paralysis are the final results and deaths. With the typical symptoms of the above situation, combined with the history of being bitten, we can make a preliminary diagnosis. But not necessarily rabies dog bites, do you have a considerable amount of feelings? The infected dog has no clinical symptoms, and the clinical symptoms only appear after the dog is detoxified. Suspected dog bites, don't kill livestock immediately. They should be caught and observed in isolation for at least two weeks. Within two weeks, if the dog is not sick and proved not to be rabies, the quarantine can be lifted. If there are clinical symptoms, it is best to wait until natural death. See autopsy, such as gastric emptying or foreign body filling, gastric mucosal inflammation, and specific changes in other organs. You have to take out the dog's brain and send it for a specific examination, such as nerves. Brain tissue suspension can also be inoculated into rabbits or mice for diagnosis.
[Preventive measures]
Article 1 Domestic dogs should be vaccinated regularly. -Rabies vaccine, rabies vaccine and attenuated freeze-dried rabies vaccine currently produced. Rabies vaccine, number of dogs: below 4 kg, above 4 kg, 3 ml and 5 ml. Bite dogs and animals, emergency immunization, in this case, only vaccination is not enough, it should be done twice every 3 to 5 months. Vaccinated dogs will be immunized for six months. Another vaccine is attenuated rabies freeze-dried vaccine. Shake the sterile water in the bottle well before diluting it with injection or normal saline. Every dog, regardless of its size, should be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly with 1 ml and be immunized for one year. No matter what kind of vaccine is injected, dogs usually have adverse reactions, and sometimes the injection site will swell and disappear soon. However, these two vaccines should not be injected into weak, perinatal or postpartum bitches and puppies. After the injection? Avoid overtraining in dog days and observe their health. Can also be injected with canine pentavaccine (including rabies vaccine).
Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen quarantine. Please note that dogs that have been vaccinated, in addition to strengthening quarantine observation, must catch up with vaccination or ban entry. There are no wild dogs and other wild animals. Diseases, especially wild dogs in epidemic areas, should be culled.
Third, dogs and sick animals with clinical symptoms should be culled immediately, not treated. Bodies are buried and are not allowed to be consumed. New dog bites should be treated in time. Treatment depends on the treatment time and the integrity of local treatment. Once bitten by a snake, causing local bleeding, then wash the wound O with soapy water to eliminate the virus in the local tissue. 1% mercuric chloride solution or alcohol and iodine treatment. If rabies is immunized with serum, the injection point should be around the wound (5 ml per kilogram of body weight, preferably 72 hours after biting the tail). In the case of serum, the vaccine should be used in time for emergency vaccination.
Fourthly, we should quickly bite with 20% soapy water, treat the wound with 3% iodine, and vaccinate rabies vaccine in time (the first, third, seventh, 14, 1 30 days, and the 40th further enhancement 1 time for 52 days), which can often achieve the control effect.
Once the cat bites or scratches the wound, immediately disinfect it with 2% iodine and take antibiotics as appropriate. If the situation is unstable, go to the hospital for treatment. The development of cat scratch disease will certainly last for a long time, and intensive treatment must be carried out under the guidance of doctors. Toxoplasma gondii in cats and children. Toxoplasma gondii contains oocysts in cat feces. When people eat water and food contaminated by these oocysts, they will have symptoms such as fever, weakness of limbs, muscle pain, hepatosplenomegaly and jaundice.
Now is the high season of rabies. The doctor reminds that being bitten by a cat may also cause rabies. Please don't be careless.
Dogs, cats and mice are connected by conveyor chains.
If rabies attacks, bites people, cats bite cats and mice, rabies? The virus will spread among three kinds of animals. Once a rabid cat or mouse attacks a human, even if only one of them starts from scratch, the same person may suffer from rabies.
Therefore, the doctor reminds that if someone is bitten or scratched by a cat, three emergency measures should be taken immediately:
Step 1: clean the wound. Wash the wound with tap water immediately, and the virus will wash away the blood as much as possible. If conditions permit, it is best to rinse with 20% soapy water and keep busy for 20 -30 minutes. Then disinfect with iodine, and then wash the iodine with alcohol, and so on for three times.
Step 2: Go to the local epidemic prevention department for vaccination immediately, and don't delay vaccination for a few days. The incubation period of rabies is very short, about 10 days, which may take several years.
Step 3: If the wound becomes serious, you must inject antiviral serum and vaccine for later use. Antiviral serum must be tested under the guidance of a doctor.
The source of rabies infection is in two aspects.
A: Animals suffer from rabies, rabies.
Rabies can infect all warm-blooded animals, except the most sensitive mammals with different sensitivities. In nature, rabies, wild dogs, cats, wolves, foxes, jackals, badgers, pigs, cows, sheep, horses, camels, bears, deer, elephants, rabbits, squirrels, weasels and other animals have been observed. Birds are not sensitive. Chicken, duck, goose, peacock and other rabies, but the disease develops slowly and is generally paralyzed. Ducks are more resistant to rabies virus, with only 29% neurological symptoms, including many ducks. Cold-blooded animals, such as fish, frogs and turtles, are resistant to rabies virus infection.
Human cases can be isolated from the saliva of rabies patients, which is rarely seen by people, but attention should be paid to the spread of corneal transplantation.
Two. "Healthy" dogs and animals carrying rabies virus
Some animals bitten by mad dogs have no symptoms and will not die. There is only a large number of rabies virus in saliva, and biting offspring will lead to a serious illness and even death. "Healthy" animals are still alive. This kind of recessive infected animals, accounting for 15.2% of domestic animals, has a low infection rate and is the most dangerous source of infection among the largest dogs. Because these people who often don't pay attention are stronger than typical mad dogs. The harm that should be paid most attention to.