In China, people are no strangers to Xiang Yu. He has been wise all his life, but he wants to throw himself into the river. Did God really let him die? Has nothing to do with him?
Some people say that he is "a woman's soft nature". Instead of killing Liu Bang in Hongmen, he entertained him to drink together, and was indifferent under the repeated hints of the counselor. Finally, Liu Bang was released. So that Liu Bang forced him to have no choice.
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However, some people say that he showed a "gentleman's degree". Think: he kills people in his own place, not martial; Liu Bang's assassination in his own camp was murder, not his nature. Shows his "military education".
There is a truth in these two statements about Xiang Yu.
But I think Xiang Yu is certain that he attaches great importance to feelings: he treats soldiers like his own brothers. A soldier was injured. He sent medicine to drink, asked questions for the dead soldier and even shed tears. Some people say that this is the characteristic of his "woman's kindness", but I don't appreciate this statement. We can't say all the good things about a person are "women". When he fought bloody battles, defeated Qin Jun, and set fire to Epang Palace, can his "wife" still be found? What does this mean? There is only one point of view, that is, Xiang Yu is a combination of the above two personalities.
In the eyes of others, he can fight, kill, cry and be moved. What else is there? And confident and successful people are confident. There is only one kind of failure, and that is to give up self-confidence. At that time, strength and strategy each accounted for half of the country, and now it is the same. Sometimes strategy is greater than strength, and Battle of Red Cliffs is a good example.
Xiang Yu has always been a hero in my eyes. Although he failed, he will always win in everyone's mind.
2. Evaluate Xiang Yu in the context of the Chu-Han dispute. Xiang Yu led the army to cross the river, burned his bridges, and solved the siege of the giant deer in one fell swoop. Later, in the battle between Chu and Han, he showed outstanding military talent. Liu Bang once used Xiang Yu's struggle in Qi State to make Pengcheng empty, reorganized the 560,000 troops of the Fifth Waiting Army, and quickly captured Pengcheng. When Xiang Yu learned the news, he was in danger, ordered his headquarters to continue to pacify Qi, and led 30,000 soldiers back to the city overnight. At that time, Liu Bangzheng was intoxicated with the joy of victory, and the drinking banquet was too busy to attend to Xiang Yu's counterattack. As a result, 560,000 troops were defeated under the onslaught of the Chu army. Liu bang escaped with only a few cronies, and his father and wife were captured. ?
If Xiang Yu was simply a war general, he was undoubtedly the most outstanding talent at that time. He is calm and decisive, but he has the fatal weakness of not being good at employing people and being credulous and suspicious. It's a pity that he took this fatal wound and sat on the throne of Chu army. Fan Zeng left because of suspicion, and Han Xin, Chen Ping and Ying Bu took refuge in Liu Bang. Sad! ?
After the battle of Pengcheng, the situation once fell to Xiang Yu. How can a man with a little foresight not pursue victory? However, Xiang Yu fully believed Liu Bang and returned the squire and Lv Zhi captured in the Battle of Pengcheng as promised. Who is Liu Bang? After bringing them back to their families, they pursued Xiang Yu with a great army.
Xiang Yu is a big loser in the hegemony between Chu and Han, but he has never been a hero, let alone such an all-powerful and heroic hero. He was so vigorous, so magnificent, so upright. Sima Qian once praised Xiang Yu's rise to power in Gansu and his death in Qin for three years. He was isolated from the world, enfeoffment, political career and arrogance. ?
Just like Shang Zhouwang, Li Longji, Zhu Youjian and Xiang Yu in history also had outstanding talents, unique strategies and similar experiences, Xiang Yu was different from anyone in history because of his domineering, so he had a sad fate and a helpless ending. He is a failed hero with a strong tragic color.
3. Ancient prose banquet, analysis of Liu Bang's Xiang Yu's personality characteristics 1. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, the two protagonists of the Chu-Han dispute, are the two protagonists of the Chu-Han dispute in the history of China. Xiang Yu is an unstoppable 27-year-old overlord, and Liu Bang is an old man in his fifties. After Xiang Yu became a famous soldier, Liu Bang was an unknown peasant son. Xiang Yu received strict general training, Liu Bang himself was not a general, and there were many rabble assembled. After Xiang Yu ruled the world, the momentum was in full swing, while Liu Bang just sealed Hanwang, and the land was remote and dangerous. However, the wheel of history has undergone a dramatic reversal: Xiang Yu committed suicide at the age of 32 and lost everything; Liu Bang inherited the unified pattern of Qin Shihuang, unified the whole country and created the Han Dynasty which lasted for 400 years. How did this historical confrontation, known as the fierce battle between lions and wolves, come into being? Why did it become a classic lesson for future generations to review repeatedly? Second, they have the same characteristics: they dare to dream big, they don't care about secular evaluation, they have extraordinary endurance and endurance, and they have the ability to turn crises into opportunities. But why are their experiences so different? Xiang Yu-impatient and arrogant, but he is confident and positive. Liu Bang-likes to brag, but he is generous and good at making friends. Xiang Yu's failure was the result of relying too much on the military. He was born in a noble family and rose in the turmoil of the Qin Dynasty. He has the military talent to fight like a god. In just three years, he led the five-nation allied forces to attack Xianyang and Qin Dou. With his natural military talent and strict military training, he gradually made amazing achievements from the age of 27. He has insight in fighting, dares to take risks, and is good at rallying the hearts of foot soldiers with strong spiritual strength to form a strong force. He was supposed to be the next person to control the world after Qin Shihuang. However, after several years of confrontation with Liu Bang, who was twice as old and was born in a rough country, he was defeated on all sides in the "Chu-Han hegemony". Although he is good at fighting, his political strategy is not as good as that of wily Liu Bang. After the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, a series of impetuous actions, such as disturbing the people, burning the palace, sealing the king and killing the righteous emperor, triggered four public grievances and rebellions, and finally made Liu Bang, who was good at buying people's hearts, full-fledged and set an unbreakable trap. He was arrogant for a while, but he failed. However, all the losses have been reversed.
Liu Bang's genius lies in his generosity, preferring to fight for wisdom rather than strength. This is why Liu Bang can stand out in the turbulent and complicated times. Third, the reasons for Xiang Yu's failure. First, he lacks strategy and vision, and no politician reads Sima Qian's Historical Records. He learned that Xiang Yu was a hero. He was born with divine power, "all children in Wuzhong are afraid of it." He has great ambitions. Just because he promised Xiang Bo to "meet" Liu Bang, he set Liu Bang free in the net at the Hongmen banquet, regardless of his father's "Shower III". The enemy defeated Wujiang, and he refused to board the lifeboat of Wujiang Tingchang. Facing the jungle behind him, he laughed to death. Xiang Yu, the hero, finally committed suicide. A sad song rang out in his ear. Xiang Yu attributed his failure to bad luck until his death. However, is it really just bad luck? Some people say that Xiang Yu's biggest mistake was that he didn't listen to his adviser Fan Zeng at the Hongmen banquet, and even set the tiger free, which led to the final failure. This failure shows that Xiang Yu is a person who can't see the direction clearly politically and can't tell the truth from the false. He can't use his quick wits in a dangerous situation. How does he lead everyone to success? Secondly, Xiang Yu's personality has extremely serious defects: 1, short-sighted, complacent, foolhardy and lacking in magnanimity. Reading the history books carefully, we can see that there are extremely serious defects in Xiang Yu's character: he is ambitious but short-sighted; Love vanity, there is no lack of self-satisfied small-scale peasant consciousness; Everything is brave first, wisdom is behind, cruelty is more than enough, and kindness is not enough; Lack of magnanimous monarch temperament. This decided his life. He should be just an all-powerful general, but he has no emperor's mind. His real mistake is not whether he killed Liu Bang, but his own insurmountable personality weakness. Even if he killed Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet, he would be defeated by Zhang Bang, Wang Bang and Li Bang in the future. Lack of magnanimous monarch temperament. Let's take a look at several episodes in Historical Records: Xin 'an. Zhang Han led his troops to surrender. Xiang Yu did not give good supervision to surrender, but turned it into his own use. But because of fear of refusing to accept surrender, he "attacked more than 200 thousand chi at night." Xinfeng hongmen Xiang Yu was furious when he heard that Liu Bang was going to be king in Guanzhong, and he wanted to crush Liu Bang's100000 army with 400 troops. Obviously, King Xiang Yu of Takamatsu got carried away, so he listened to Xiang Bo and "met" Liu Bang. This led to Fan Zeng's eternal regret of "counting the princes" and "the princes should not be silent" at the Hongmen banquet. After Xiang Yu entered the customs, he "led the troops to slaughter Xianyang in the west, kill Qin, and burn Qin Gong. He did not put out the fire in March, and collected his goods to the east with precious women." Seeing that Xiang Yu's vision was so short-sighted, the exhorter was disheartened and said, "People say that Chu people' bathe monkeys and crown their ears'. Sure enough, "Xiang Yu was furious and" cooked ". In the winter of the second year of Han Dynasty, Tian Rong rebelled because of improper sealing. After Xiang Yu's counter-insurgency, "Tian Rong, an old, weak woman and child, was cheated and went to the North Sea.
4. Based on Tai Shigong's comments on Xiang Yu at the end of the article, this paper discusses that Historical Records is an encyclopedia, including politics, economy, culture, law, military affairs, ethics, morality, religion, literature, art, astronomy and medicine. , from the legendary Xuanyuan family to the next. The context is clear and the narrative is complete. The author wants to "learn from the changes of ancient and modern times and form a unified statement." As a biographical style, Historical Records is different from the chronological style or national style used in previous historical books, but reflects the content with biography as the center. This is a pioneering work that has a far-reaching impact on the historical style. Since then, there have been changes from Ban Gu's Hanshu to the Qing Draft in the early years of the Republic of China. Basically, they all follow the style of Historical Records, with a large scale of 130 volumes, including biography 12 volumes, table 10 volumes, 8 volumes, one family, one Confucius and others. 70 biographies (including The Last Preface of Taishigong). The book Historical Records is of great literary value. It successfully describes many characters. Most of the characters in the book are vividly written, mainly through their main activities and deeds. Biography of Xiang Yu is one of the outstanding representatives. Zheng Banqiao said: "Biography of Xiang Yu is one of the 130 historical records." In The Biography of Xiang Yu, the battle of the stag, the banquet at Hongmen and the siege at Gaixia are the most important. The author grasped these three things, three scenes of characters' activities, and vividly portrayed this all-powerful, arrogant and tragic figure in eight years, highlighting his main characteristics, especially the "beggar gang", but he knew that he was ashamed of his elders in Jiangdong, refused to cross the Wujiang River, and committed suicide. It's tragic and shocking. Li Qingzhao, a synonym of the Qing Dynasty, once wrote: "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. " Historical Records has also made outstanding achievements in the use of language, and Sima Qian belongs to our country. "Mountain will be angry, and unfavorable will not die. Nothing can be done until you die! What is it? " Up to now, people have told us many wonderful sentences, some of which have evolved into idioms and are often used by future generations, such as Embattled, Sword Dance in Xiangzhuang, etc., as well as scripts such as Farewell My Concubine and Hongmen Banquet, which people often say. Historical Records occupies a lofty position in history and literary history with its outstanding achievements. The ancient critics in the Tang and Song Dynasties took Historical Records as a model, and the ancient writers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were also familiar with Historical Records. "Historians never sing, Li Sao has no rhyme" is Lu Xun's high evaluation and incisive summary of the great historical value and literary value of Historical Records.
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Xiang Yu 1 Hongmen Banquet 1 Liu Bang's advantages and disadvantages of Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu's mind is very simple, and his emotions are completely controlled by outsiders.
Cao Wushang reported that Liu Bang "wanted to be the king of Guanzhong", and he flew into a rage. In the evening, he married Xiang Bo without telling Liu Bang, and persuaded him to come to their senses. Why? Because he didn't regard Liu Bang as his future competitor at all, but as a former comrade-in-arms.
Therefore, Fan Zeng's persuasion before the Hongmen Banquet and the "number" and "lift" at the meeting failed to make Xiang Yu make up his mind. His simple mind kept Liu Bang alive. On the other hand, Liu Bang is very flexible. Once he found that the situation was not good, he immediately woke up from his dream of being the king of Guanzhong and set about solving the problem. He regarded Xiang Bo not only as a "brother" but also as an "in-law", and took the initiative to turn passive into active. He personally apologized to Xiang Yu the next day and called himself a "minister". The Hongmen banquet used the toilet as an excuse to escape, and finally escaped the fate of life and death.
How can a simple-minded person achieve great things? Only thoughtful people can turn the tide and dominate the world. Second, Xiang Yu is a typical smart person.
When Liu Bang explained to him that he had no intention of being the king of Guanzhong, in order to show his honesty and no bad feelings, he immediately volunteered, saying that Cao leaked the secret and failed to protect the information sources that were beneficial to him, thus losing an extremely important insider. And Liu bang is very smart. When Sean explicitly asked him who gave him the idea of "Wang Guanzhong", he just answered "Kun Sheng" vaguely.
Xiang Yu's frankness is actually a betrayal of his friend, and Liu Bang's answer is the best protection for his friend, even if this friend is just a bad idea. In this way, Liu Bang's talent makes people feel more secure. Cao Wushang did not die in the hands of Liu Bang, but had already died in Xiang Yu's mouth.
Third, Xiang Yu's greater weakness is indecision. When Xiang Zhuang's sword was about to stab Liu Bang, Xiang Bo got up and protected his wings. Xiang Yu's heart must be very contradictory. He hoped that Xiang Zhuang would kill Liu Bang, but he was afraid of being accused of killing heroes and wanted to grab the fruits of victory.
Fan Kuai could have killed Liu Bang in a rage, but he was shocked by Fan Kuai's imposing manner and persuaded by his words. Even Liu Bang's escape can be used as an excuse to kill people, but he silently accepted each other's white jade and set the tiger free! Liu Bang's escape is the inevitable result of his indecision.
Liu bang is completely different. He is very determined about his work. In order to save the unfavorable situation, he took risks alone and defected to Hong Men. Seeing Xiang Yu, I am humble and humble; At the hongmen banquet, he sat still; Then seize the opportunity and escape skillfully; When I first returned to the military camp, "it was really Cao Wushang."
He is flexible and resolute, and he is a real hero, but Xiang Yu's good women are hard to achieve great things. Fourth, choose and employ persons As Liu Bang said, "Xiang Yu has a Fan Zeng, so it can't be used", as was the case at the Hongmen banquet.
Fan Zeng suggested seizing the opportunity to kill Liu Bang, who was a "dragon and tiger" and a "five-mining" cloud overhead, but the result was no match for Xiang Bo's slanderers in the middle of the night; At the hongmen banquet, Fan Zeng "counted the kings", implying that he was "silent and should not". In desperation, Fan Zeng had to say hello to Xiang Zhuang, but Xiang Bo blocked it, which was due to Fan Zengyan's sigh after the banquet! Liu bang is to know people well and do their best. He cleverly trapped Xiang Bo in advance and interceded for himself first; With Sean's resourcefulness, he is seriously prepared to turn passivity into initiative, while Fan Kuai's desperate and eloquent words are obviously ready.
From this point of view, Liu Bang's understanding of people and being good at his duties is also the basic condition for his ultimate achievement. Indeed, Liu Bang does have such weaknesses, but it is character strengths who knows people, is flexible, makes good use of opportunities, and is decisive and resolute. These advantages and disadvantages demonstrated by Xiang Yu in The Hongmen Banquet indicate that Liu Bang will surely win the hegemony in the future.
6. The analysis of Xiang Yu in the classical Chinese "Hongmen Banquet" summarizes the contents that should be involved in the original analysis in three steps: indecision (changing the decision to attack Liu Bang, not expressing his position on Fan Zeng's attempt to kill Liu Bang during the dinner, repeatedly escaping from the banquet, safe and sound); Frank and straightforward (heard Liu Bang's "thank you" and named the informant, heard Fan Kuai's "slander" and "failure to respond"); Poor use of people (not listening to Fan Zeng at a critical moment); Arrogance (the number of seats at a party).
(2) The key is his "pretentiousness" (I heard that Liu Bang's "desire for Wang Guanzhong" violated his dignity and decided to attack; However, after learning that Liu Bang's "official library" was waiting for him to deal with it, he gave up the attack plan. He didn't regard Liu Bang as his main rival, thought it was useless to kill him, and Liu Bang paid attention to safeguarding his dignity, which made him "unbearable". )
(3) It is the essence of Xiang Yu's tragic image to pretend to be meritorious and finally fail. It is from this point that we say that although the dispute over the Hongmen Banquet is the beginning of the dispute between Liu and Xiang, it has already heralded the end of this struggle.