Then, come with me to see the Bai culture!
First, Bai residential buildings
Bai nationality is mainly distributed in Yunnan province, where mountains are high and valleys are deep, and the mountainous area accounts for the vast majority of the province's area. Bai nationality is different from other ethnic minorities in Yunnan. She is a settled agricultural nation, and rice cultivation is the main production activity. Therefore, the Bai people mainly live in Pingba area of Yunnan. Because rice planting needs water, lakes and rivers are generally distributed in the residential areas of Bai nationality, so water irrigation is more convenient. In addition, a few Bai people are distributed in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas.
Generally speaking, Bai people live in villages and towns. Generally, there are squares, stages and temples in Bai townships. The houses are adjacent and built along the street. If there are multiple surnames in the village, families with the same surnames are generally distributed in the same street. There is a geomantic wall at the entrance of villages and towns, and one or two big green trees with lush foliage are planted as geomantic trees. There are several wells in the village, and the others are wells in our own yard. In Dali, eighteen streams of Cangshan Mountain flow into Erhai Lake, and many villages along the way introduce tributaries as domestic water. Bai villages with blue tiles and white walls are distributed between Cangshan and Erhai like pearls, like fairyland on earth, like a paradise, and the pastoral scenery is intoxicating.
Bai folk houses have a unique national style. Among the ethnic minorities in China, the Bai folk houses are very distinctive in both architectural style and architectural art, and have made great artistic achievements. Bai folk houses in Dali, Eryuan, Heqing and Jianchuan are the concentrated expression of Bai folk customs.
Bai folk houses are mostly three-bay two-story buildings with civil structure or stone-wood structure. The left, right and back three sides of the whole house are built into a wall foundation of about two meters with a stone one foot square, and the wall is a soil foundation. In some places (such as Haidong and Dali), the soil is hard and the rammed earth wall is very strong. In the Haixi area of Dali, bluestone is rich in resources, and most of the Bai folk houses are made of local materials, and bluestone is widely used as the main building material. This is the saying that there are three treasures in Dali, and the stone wall will not fall down. Stones are not only used to lay foundations and build walls, but also used as beams for doors and windows, which are beautiful and firm. Using stones as building materials has a long history in Dali.
According to records, Nanzhao's residential buildings are "all lanes and alleys are built of stones, which are high and continuous for miles." The roof of the residential building is paved with cylindrical tiles, with double eaves in front, forming a front porch pattern. In the wood structure, the four pillars of the roof truss fall to the ground, and there are penetrating wooden beams between rows and under the floor, which is called "penetrating beams". Fang Chuan is an outstanding creation of white carpenter. It connects the bent frame of the whole house into a whole, which has strong earthquake resistance. There are many columns at the foot of the wooden column to protect against moisture. In the whole residential building, double eaves are the main feature, which is scientific and practical.