First of all, the profile of the character
Gui Youguang was born in a cold Confucian family in the first year (i.e.1507 65438+10.6)12.24, and attended health school in his early years. In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), he was promoted, and after that, he was admitted to Jinshi eight times, all of which were the last. Later, he moved to Anting, Jiading (now Jiading District, Shanghai) to study and give lectures, and wrote two books, Management and Patriarchal Law. There are often hundreds of people who study, and they are called "Mr. Zhenchuan". He inspected Sanjiang historical sites and thought that the only way for Taihu Lake to enter the sea was Wusong River, which was narrow and full of tidal mud and gradually silted up. As long as the water in Taihu Lake is concentrated and let it flow eastward, other waterways can be used in vain. Therefore, he wrote "Three Wu Water Conservancy Records". Later, Harry occupied a suitable place to build water conservancy projects.
In the thirty-third year of Jiajing, when the Japanese aggressors made an insurrection, Gui Youguang entered the city to prepare for defense, and wrote Yu Yu Yi. In the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565), he was a 60-year-old scholar and was awarded the magistrate of Changxing County, Huzhou (now Changxing County, Zhejiang Province). He attaches great importance to education and his government is clean. Always tell the truth when dealing with litigation matters. At that time, there were many thieves in Changxing county, and the government arrested a group of innocent people at will. He caught the thief with one move and released more than 30 people in unjust prison. He was transferred to Shunde (Xingtai, Hebei Province) to be in charge of Ma Zheng for offending the rich and powerful families. Recommended by scholars Gao Gong and Zhao Zhenji, he was appointed as the Taibu Temple in Nanjing in the fourth year of Qin Long (1570), and stayed in the cabinet system to compile the Record of Sejong. Qin Long died in Nanjing on the 13th day of the first month of the fifth year (i.e. 157 1 February 7th) at the age of 66. Buried in Jintongli, the southeast gate of Kunshan City (near the post office today). Today, Gui Youguang's Tomb in Kunshan is one of the tourist attractions.
Rich books. At the beginning of Chenghua, his father built a study by the Anting River and named it "Shimeitang". He also looked for procurement in many ways. His wife Wang also likes collecting books very much. As soon as she heard that some books were scattered, she asked the maid to visit and bought thousands of books. He claimed that he had never been addicted to it all his life, and only good books cultivated his temperament. The book collection is printed with the seal of Shimeitang, the collection of Langjiawang of Shimeitang, Dedicated to Love and Twenty-two Generations of Women of Wei State. There are 94 kinds of books edited by Zhuzi Han Hui, Zhu Xiong Zuzi of Zhou Dynasty and Longmenzi of contemporary Song Lian, which is a series with the largest number of sub-books before the end of Ming Dynasty.
Second, the life of the characters.
China, who is famous for fail in that imperial examination.
Gui Youguang, whose real name is Xifu, whose real name is Zhenchuan, was born in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month (1506). When he was eight years old, his 25-year-old mother left three sons and two daughters and died. His father was a poor county student, and his family declined sharply. Perhaps it was this dilemma that forced young Gui Youguang to understand human worries prematurely and began to study hard. Gui Youguang was a man of great understanding since he was a child, and he could write at the age of nine. At the age of ten, he wrote "On Begging for the Extreme" with more than a thousand words. At the age of eleven or twelve, he became "interested in the ancients". At the age of fourteen, he took a boy exam. At the age of twenty, he won the first place among students in Suzhou. In the same year, I went to Nanjing to take the provincial examination. Gui Youguang, who is "familiar with the Six Classics and Three History, everyone writes" (Wang Xijue's Epitaph of the Ming Palace), was full of confidence at the beginning. However, he failed repeatedly in the rural examination, and went to Nanjing on the fifth day, which was unknown on the list. During this period, he was badly managed, and he was cold for fifteen years. At the age of 35, he won the second place. At this time, Gui Youguang has been reading three generations of Han books and visiting hundreds of books, from Nine Classics, Twenty-one History to Agricultural Nursery Medicine. Gui Youguang's ancient prose, Yu Zhongwei's poems, and Zhang Zibin's craftsmanship are known as "the three wonders of Kunshan". At that time, Jiangnan examiners called Gui Youguang "the reincarnation of Jia and Dong". With Gui Youguang's talent and reputation, he should be a shoo-in. In the winter of the same year, after having obtained the provincial examination in high school, Gui Youguang hired horses and chariots to go north day and night to prepare for the next year's does examination. Who knows that Sun Shan failed in the exam this time? After returning to his hometown from the south, he moved to the Anting River near Jiading and began his career of speaking while studying and taking exams. Scholars from all over the world come here, ranging from a dozen to more than a hundred. Gui Youguang's family has always been relatively poor, relying on his wife Wang to take care of the housework for a living. During his stay in Anting, Wang cultivated more than 40 mu of land, supervised the reclamation of slaves, and irrigated rice with ox carts for his family and disciples, so that Gui Youguang could concentrate on giving lectures. Gui Youguang talks about literature and history and classics. At that time, the disciples were full, and domestic scholars and scribes called Gui Youguang Mr. Zhenchuan. Mr. Zhenchuan is famous at home and abroad, and even Xu Wenchang, who is proud of his talent, is in awe of Gui Youguang. One day, Xu Da, an assistant minister who was born as the top scholar, returned to his hometown and invited Xu Wenchang to a party. But from dusk until late at night, Xu Wenchang was still late. Asked why, he said, "The gentleman took shelter from the rain and saw' Gui Youguang is now Ouyang Zi' hanging on the wall and door. It was too late to go back to Luo Xiang to study." . Mr Ogata ordered his servant to pick up Gui Youguang's article and read it quickly, which was relatively appreciated. As for Da Dan. (Zhang Chuanyuan and Yu Meinian's Chronicle of Returning to the Truth) However, Gui Youguang's fate is difficult. I will try every three years, and every time I travel a long way, I will go back to the bottom eight times in a row. At the age of forty-three, he lost his beloved eldest son, and a year later, he lost his wife Wang, who worked hard for him and shared his worries. The trampling of official career has long abandoned this famous ancient prose writer in a desolate land. Coupled with the grief of losing his son and wife, his life is even more difficult. However, the rough life also tempered Gui Youguang's deep and determined character, and he did not yield to power and bad luck.
Dare to resist giants without power and authority.
In the Ming dynasty, there was a strong trend of cheating in imperial examinations. Although the habit of writing was not heavy in the Tang Dynasty, it was an important shortcut to be promoted by masters and bureaucrats. Gui Youguang has been stuck in other places for a long time, so he should know the inside story of this imperial examination. However, he never rose from heresy to career. Zhang Wenyi, the master after having obtained the provincial examination, admired Gui Youguang very much. He deeply regrets that Gui Youguang can't be a China person for three transgressions and five times. He "tried to attract him with old friendship" several times, but Gui Youguang "refused to go straight". (Ji Dong's Inscription on the Ancestral Temple of Mr. Zhenchuan after the Reconstruction of Shunde House) When Gui Youguang repeatedly refused to be a native of China, Ming Muzong had not yet ascended the throne. A lucky eunuch around Mu Zong longed for the name of Gui Youguang, made his nephew worship Gui Youguang as his teacher, and made Gui Youguang visit the eunuch in Beijing several times, but Gui Youguang flatly refused. After Mu Zong ascended the throne, eunuchs became more powerful, and Gui Youguang still refused to associate with him. (Zhang Chuanyuan, Yu Meinian's Chronicle of Returning to Zhenchuan) Gui Youguang's character of integrity and not dealing with powerful people is reflected in all aspects of his life. In the field of ancient prose, he always insisted on his own opinions, was not confused by everyone, and dared to fight against the "giants" who ruled the literary world at that time.
In the Ming Dynasty, after Liu Ji and Song Lian left some good articles in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there began to be an antique atmosphere in the literary world. During the decades from Yongle to Chenghua, "Sanyang", who has lived in pavilions for a long time, ruled the literary world, advocated prosperity and broad style, and his writing style was elegant and commonplace, which was called "Taige Style". As a result, the "first seven sons" led by Li Mengyang and He Jingming rose up against the "Tiger Wind". They hold that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty", and the imitation and twisting of words are regarded as ancient. Both Li and He Qizi are devoted to poetry creation. Although prose is not their strong point, it is so powerful that it once dominated their lives. During the Jiajing period, Li Panlong, Wang Shizhen and other "last seven sons" followed the "first seven sons" and added fuel to the fire, which intensified the wind of copying the ancient times. Gui Youguang is a brave man who rises suddenly in this moldy archaize, and an upright writer who dares to resist the trend.
Wang Shizhen and Gui Youguang are fellow villagers, a little later than Gui Youguang. However, from the age of 22, Wang Shizhen became a scholar, and later, his official career was booming, and he became an official in the criminal history of Nanjing, leading the literary world with outstanding talent and erudition. Qian Qian B said: "Yuan Mei's works are getting richer and richer, but his high altitude, wide travel and majestic momentum are enough to impress Zhang Xianhao and brag about his talent. Therefore, the world is eager to follow its door. If jade and silk will pay tribute, I dare not follow suit and set up a coffin on the altar. Not recently. " (Poems of Past Dynasties) Although Gui Youguang was famous for a while, he was still an old Confucian scholar in a remote place. In terms of money, Tong is an "old man" who "connects the past with the future". It is such a poor Confucian scholar in the countryside who dares to oppose the arrogant Wang Shizhen. In the Preface to the Collected Works of Xiang Siyao, Gui Youguang strongly criticized Wang Shizhen, saying, "The so-called writers who cover this world are full of words. Before I started, I learned from the ancients, but if I become a little stupid, I will fight for it, and I will despise my predecessors ... As for the famous artists of Song and Yuan Dynasties, their strength is enough to catch up with the Millennium, but the world shakes them with ephemera, which is sad! Nothing is a giant advocated by one or two vain people? " Gui Youguang publicly mocked Wang Shizhen as a "fool giant". Wang Shizhen was very angry when he learned that, and said, "Fools are sincere, and fools dare not listen to their destiny." Gui Youguang replied rudely: "There is nothing but stupidity and mediocrity." (See Gui Youguang's Biography of Poetry and Fu in Past Dynasties. ) In his later years, Wang Shizhen completely changed his view of Gui Youguang. In the preface to Ode to a Servant for Gui Youguang's portrait, he said: "Although Mr. Yu's ancient poems are from historical books and Han books, they are greatly compromised by Changli and Luling, and when they are obtained, they are meaningful." It has its own flavor without carving, and it is beyond the contemporary masters. "Zanyun:" There are thousands of people, following Han and Ouyang. I'm different. I've been injured for a long time. While he spoke highly of Gui Youguang's ancient prose, he also expressed his feelings of "self-regret". Gui Youguang finally persuaded his opponent with his own theory and creative practice.
In his later years, he became an official and kept his job.
Although Gui Youguang "got on the bus for eight times, but he didn't meet", he still didn't want to rest, because taking part in the imperial examination was the only way out for the lower literati in feudal society. In the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565), Gui Youguang finally won the top three in the imperial examination for the ninth time. By this time, he was sixty years old. Gui Youguang, who is full of poetry and dedicated to serving his country, has not lost his ambition although he is in his prime. Because it is the top three, I can't be appointed as a librarian, so I can only go to Changxing, a remote place, as a magistrate. Changxing is located in the mountainous area and has no magistrate for a long time. Everything is controlled by petty officials, and rich and powerful families collude with the government to do evil. The prison is full of innocent people, business thieves and villagers are restless. At that time, Gui Youguang was advised not to take office until he was replaced, but he resolutely went. The first thing he did after he arrived in Changxing was to run a school and train backward people. The second thing is to punish evil officials and rehabilitate unjust imprisonment. More than 30 innocent people who committed capital crimes were released from prison, 107 innocent people who were wrongly detained were rehabilitated, and Aauto Quicker, an evil official and a fisherman, was severely punished. Every time a court hearing is held, women and children are required to hear the case in Wu instead of Putonghua before filing a case, so that the people can complain. I often make decisions in class, but rarely in prison. Provide food and clothing to those who are imprisoned according to law. A heavy prison mother died, and Gui Youguang allowed him to go home to take care of the funeral and go back by himself. After arranging the funeral, the prisoner disobeyed other people's orders and went back by himself.
Gui Youguang wants to learn from the officials of the Han Dynasty and be an upright official. When the boss's orders are inconvenient to carry out, they are shelved and "go straight to their own will." He publicly announced on the editorial notice of Changxing County: "When you take office, you will send a hundred miles of life, only knowing how to support the king by imperial decree; I dare not go to court for sponsorship. This is a shame and I don't care. " In just two years of knowing Changxing, Gui Youguang actually did several good things for the people, which was well received by the people.
In the second year of Qin Long (1568), 63-year-old Gui Youguang moved to Shunde to serve his sentence. According to the Ming system, "Jinshi is the order, nothing moves." So Gui Youguang's promotion is really heavy. Gui Youguang once said angrily: "The so-called three helpers are close, which is no different from Hunan Water Investment." Upright and integrity, keeping one's place, these are two aspects of Gui Youguang's character. Although he was greatly dissatisfied with moving to Shunde, he was still conscientious and meticulous when he took office. He made use of Ma's leisure time, extensively read historical records and interviewed anecdotes, and compiled a complete Collection of Horses. In the fourth year of Qin Long (1570), Gui Youguang went to Beijing to celebrate Wanshou Festival, and in the same year he was promoted to Taipu Temple in Nanjing. However, in 1750, he remained in Beijing as a cabinet, compiling A Record of Sejong. Gui Youguang hated that "the footprint of his life is not as good as that of the world, and he can't write outstanding books", so he read different books in the library. Unfortunately, just as I was about to open my eyes to show my talents, I was troubled by the disease. Although he persisted in his illness for some time, he finally died in Beijing in the second year (the fifth year of Qin Long, namely 157 1 year) at the age of 66.
Write a large number of prose with rich content and spread it to the world.
Gui Youguang wrote many works in his life, covering all parts of the subset of classics and history, but his main achievement was in prose creation. Wang Mingsheng, a historian of the Qing Dynasty, commented on Gui Youguang's contribution from the perspective of prose development in his Plain Manuscript: "Ming is always there, and under propaganda, it is still a cabinet style; Under the rule, it is still a pseudo-Qin and Han dynasties; There have been no real articles in the world for hundreds of years. Zhenchuan's returning home originated in our county, with unpredictable purpose, making a dull sound, sweeping away the skin of Taige and rejecting the evil turbidity of the false body. However, the Tang and Song Dynasties and Taoism in eastern Zhejiang did not follow each other, and Gavin surpassed it. " Gui Youguang's essay "My Home is in Longmen, My Home is in Changli" (Qian's Preface to the Collected Works of Mr. Zhenchuan, a new issue) draws on the strengths of the Tang and Song Dynasties, inherits the tradition of the ancient prose movement in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and develops on this basis. He further expanded the subject matter of his prose, introduced trivial matters in daily life into serious ancient prose, and made it more closely related to life. In this way, it is easy to make the article appear sincere, approachable and fresh. In particular, some short stories about family chores or getting together with the elderly are simple, concise and moving, "making the viewer feel sad and hidden." For hundreds of years, people have read Gui Youguang's Burial Records of Cold Flowers, Ridge Tips, A Brief Introduction to Early Years and Dead Children? Sun's records, women's records, and women's records like Lan's records are all deeply moving. Gui Youguang's narrative prose, like a clear spring, opened up a new realm for the development of prose at that time.
Gui Youguang is good at capturing ordinary details and scenes in life, and a few of them are vivid and unforgettable. In plain and simple pen and ink, he is full of touching and sincere feelings. For example, the famous "cold flower burial"
Third, literary achievements.
Start to change the writing style
In the mid-Ming Dynasty, there was a retro movement of the first seven scholars in the literary world, which played a certain role in sweeping away the style of Taige style. However, in Jiajing period, blind respect for the past has become a tendency. Wang, Mao Kun and others resisted and advocated the ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties, which was called the ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties in history.
Related books
Pie, the number one is Gui Youguang. At that time, Wang Shizhen was a master of literature, and his momentum was impressive. Gui Youguang denounced: "It's hard to say that the so-called literati built this world. Before the beginning, it was the learning of the ancients, but if one or two fools made it a giant, they tried their best to offset the predecessors. " "As for the famous artists of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, they have been chasing for thousands of years, and the world is bleak, which is shaken by ephemera" (Preface to the Collected Works of Xiang Siyao). On poetic theory, he also criticized the tendency of retro, saying: "This life is just chasing chapters and sentences, imitating plagiarism, obscene and flashy, but I don't know what it is." On the contrary, he thinks that "frankly speaking, there are many folk songs, and they care about the times and the country and the people, so what is an elegant gentleman" (Preface to Mr. Shen Cigu's Poems). His basic point of view is that although the articles in Qin and Han Dynasties represented by Historical Records are good, the famous articles in Tang and Song Dynasties are not bad. The former and the latter seven scholars flaunted that "literature must be in Qin and Han dynasties, and poetry must flourish in Tang dynasty", but in fact they went astray. He advocated "changing Qin and Han dynasties into Europe" and writing with "sincerity" ... without seeking to draw seaweed into an article. □□ However, the beauty of the scenery is only dazzling in the world ("Answer to Yu Zhifu"). At that time, Wang Shizhen heard him criticize himself as "stupid" and said, "There are fools, and fools dare not listen to their destiny." But in his later years, Wang Shizhen also felt that he was over-sculpted and not as natural as Gui Youguang. "Preface to Praise for the Too Servant" said: "Mr. Wang's ancient prose has its own flavor ... without carving, and he is detached from famous scholars." Others compared Gui Youguang with Ouyang Xiu and praised him as the first essayist in Ming Dynasty. Until the Qing dynasty. Fang Bao, Yao Nai and others also praised Gui Youguang.
Prose features
Gui Youguang opposed antique, focused on form, and failed to achieve real innovation in content. His works are mainly prose, and nine times out of ten are works of explanation, inscription, discussion, preface, preface, epitaph, inscription, ode, behavior and conception. Some of his works show dissatisfaction with politics at that time, and some show sympathy for the people, but many of them are empty and outdated. In some narratives and lyric sketches, it can be said that "I have no intention of touching people, and my thoughts of joy and sadness are beyond words" (Wang Xijue's epitaph of returning to the public). Its artistic characteristics are: ① lyrical and touching. For example, the masterpiece "Ji Xiang Xuan Zhi" takes the rise and fall of Ji Xiang Xuan, a century-old house, as a clue, interspersed with memories of his grandmother, mother and wife, expressing the feelings of people leaving the building empty and things changing. The memories of everyone's affairs are family trifles, but they are very human. (2) Pay attention to details and be vivid. For example, the description of scenery in Ji Xiang Xuanzhi carried forward the fine traditions of Tang and Song Dynasties, which was indeed beyond the reach of the first seven scholars. (3) Short and pithy. His famous essays, such as Selected Annals of Ji Xiang, Explaining Words, Zi Si Ting Ji, Daughter Jill Zhi, etc., do not exceed 1000 words. The Burial Record of Cold Flowers was written to mourn the death of my little maid, with a total of 1 12 words, but it is extremely concise to outline the image of a maid with two details and write her feelings in court. (4) exquisite structure, twists and turns. For example, "Jie Bao Shan Jutu" was written from the scenery of Taihu Lake to the mountain residence in Jie Bao, and compared with Wangchuan Villa in Wang Weizhi in the Tang Dynasty, and commented on Wang Wei. Ju Chuang Ji experienced ups and downs from the landform of Hong's former residence to the ancients and Tao Yuanming.
Gui's prose mostly writes about trivial matters around him, which fails to fully reflect the social contradictions in the Ming Dynasty. However, in his articles, such as A Brief Introduction to Japanese Preparedness, The Story of the Enemy in Kunshan County, and A Loan to His Son, he described the tragic situation that "all houses and houses were burnt down, all houses and houses were exhausted, parents and wives were slaughtered, and all villages were crying and hearing each other" after the Japanese invasion. In articles such as "The Death of Zhang Zhennv" and "Zhang Zhennv's Prison", the reality of bullying, fear of hard work and corruption in official management is exposed. He expressed his intention to plead for the people in articles such as Exposing the Book of Imprisoned Prisoners for Joint Trial, Notices of Nine Counties and Begging for a Rest. In the biographies of Chuck and Luye Weng, some images of ordinary people are outlined. In journal articles such as My Unexamined Miscellaneous Notes and Ren Xu's Journey, the feelings and the world of some people at that time were recorded. These works also have certain social significance.
philology
After Gui Youguang's death, his son Ning arranged some of his posthumous works and carved them in Kunshan. Many words were changed. His Sun Changshi and Qian searched for the posthumous works, carefully sorted them out and compiled them into 40 volumes, but failed to carve them all. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Gui Zhuang, the great-great grandson, with the help of Dong and others, carved the Complete Works of Mr. Zhenchuan, with a total of 30 volumes, 10 volume, with a total of 40 volumes. It contains 774 essays of various genres and 1 13 poems. The current edition is a four-part series, "Collected Works of Mr. Zhenchuan", with a total of 40 volumes, which was photocopied according to Changshu edition in Ming Dynasty.
Fourth, the contribution of water conservancy.
Taihu Lake basin has been famous for its richness since ancient times, but with the development, the flood and drought disasters in Taihu Lake have become more and more serious. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a flood every three to seven years. When Gui Youguang lived in Anting, he studied the water conservancy situation in Taihu Lake area and thought that Wusong River was the way for Taihu Lake to enter the sea. As long as the Wusong River is widened and the siltation problem of Wusong River is solved, other waterway problems will be solved. He opposed the sewage discharge in Taihu Lake because "water is harmful to the people and beneficial to the people, which makes Taihu Lake dry up." He wrote a letter to the soldiers, officers and justices of the peace at that time, expounding his opinions on water control. He also collected relevant water conservancy documents at that time, wrote Before and After Water Conservancy Theory, and wrote four volumes of Water Conservancy Records of Sanwu, which are important materials for water conservancy research in ancient Taihu Lake.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) family status
Gui Youguang first married Webster's family, and in the 16th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1537), Webster's family died, and Gui Youguang continued to marry Queen Anting's family. Gui Zixiao, the eldest son of Gui Youguang, died on 1548 at the age of 16. Gui Youguang wrote Zi Si Ting Ji for him to express his grief. Gui Youguang's other two sons, nothing and Zi Ning, participated in the arrangement of Gui Youguang's legacy. In the 19th year of Wanli (159 1), Wuzi returned to Zimu as a juror, was demoted twice and lived in Jiangcun. After his death, he presented Hanlin as an imperial edict. Sun Guichang, the father of Guizhuang, is a famous seal engraver, calligrapher and writer. He is also known as the three gifted scholars in Kunshan with Li and Li. Zeng Sungui Zhuang was a famous painter and calligrapher in the late Ming Dynasty. After his death, he fought against the Qing Dynasty in Kunshan, lost his family in seclusion and refused to do anything. In his later years, he devoted himself to sorting out the complete works of Gui Youguang.
Evaluation of intransitive verbs
Wang Shizhen hated Gui Youguang at first because of his different literary views, but later he had to admire him, thinking that Gui Youguang could be compared with Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu. It is worth mentioning that Wang Shizhen's writing style changed in his later years, and he even indulged in reading Su Shi's articles.
Lin Zexu once wrote a couplet in Jiading Gui Youguang Temple:
"Confucianism is empty talk? The water conservancy book is successful, and the merits are suitable for blood and food;
The teacher was late, and experts judged that he was as crazy as Qizi. "
He spoke highly of Gui Youguang's contribution to water conservancy and achievements in Confucian classics, and thought that Gui Youguang had made great achievements by virtue of Confucianism.
Seven, "Ming history".
original text
Gui Youguang, whose real name is Xifu, is from Kunshan. Nine-year-old can belong to the text, five classics and three histories are weak, and he is a teacher with Yiwei School. In the 19th year of Jiajing, after having obtained the provincial examination, he was not the first in the Spring Festival. Living by the Anting River in Jiading, reading and talking. There are often hundreds of apprentices named Mr. Zhenchuan. Scholars in forty-four years, awarded Changxing magistrate. Ancient educational rule. Before each trial, women and children were summoned, stabbed to death in Wu language, and sent away without imprisonment. Official orders are inconvenient. I can't sleep in the pavilion. Break it and go straight. Many officials committed evil deeds and transferred to Shunde to preach punishment, specializing in horse administration. In the Ming dynasty, Jinshi was sealed as an immobile person, so it is really important to suppress it. In the fourth year of Qin Long, Gao Gong, a university student, and Yazhi, Zhao Zhenji, had a bright future. They were cited as Nanjing Taifucheng, became a monk, compiled a memoir of Sejong, and died as officials.
Light, like ancient prose, was originally used by art. It is a good book written by Taishi Gongshu, with its spirit. At that time, Wang Shizhen dominated the literary world of the League and was a vain giant. Shizhen was greatly sorry, and later she was heartbroken and praised: "A thousand years old man, following Han and Ouyang. I am different, I have hurt myself for a long time. " Its weight is too heavy.
There is a lamp, sons and the word Keith. After having obtained the provincial examination in the 19th year of Wanli, he was released again, that is, Pingju Jiangcun and Wuxi Gao Panlong were the best. After his death, according to the suggestion of Yu Shiqi, he asked the table to drive into the DPRK and presented it to Hanlin for a letter.
There is a light system to cultivate righteousness, extensive and profound, outstanding. After Deqing, Hu is on par with others, and the world is also called Gui and Hu.
translate
Gui Youguang, whose real name is Xifu, was born in Kunshan (now Jiangsu). At the age of nine, I was able to write articles. By the age of twenty, I had mastered all the books such as The Five Classics and Three History, and worshipped the local Wei school as a teacher. In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), he was awarded the entrance examination. After that, all eight Jinshi failed. Moved to Jiading Anting River to study and talk. Hundreds of students often call him teacher Zhenchuan. In the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565), he was admitted to the magistrate of Changxing (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). He used a set of ancient political and religious theories and practices to govern the country. Every time a case is tried, women and children are brought to the front of the case, the case is closed, and people are sent away without writing a judgment. If the orders of superiors are unrealistic, they will be shelved and not implemented. If you have an argument with your boss, you can do whatever you want. Most senior officials didn't like him, so they were transferred to Shunde (now Guangdong) to be in charge of horse administration. In the Ming dynasty, Jinshi did not rise to the county magistrate. Therefore, transferring to a higher position is actually a heavy demotion. In the fourth year of Qin Long (1570), Gao Gong, a university student, and Chang Youguang, a Zhao Zhenji, introduced him as Taifucheng of Nanjing, took charge of the cabinet system and compiled a record of Sejong, and died in office.
Gui Youguang, as an ancient prose, is based on Confucian classics. He likes Historical Records written by Tai Shigong and has a thorough understanding of its divinity. At that time, Wang Shizhen, the leader of the literary world, tried his best to match him and regarded him as arrogant and mediocre. Shi was really unhappy, but later she admired Guang Guang and wrote a letter praising him, saying, "It took a thousand years for people like you to inherit the ancient China tradition of Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu. I didn't go the other way, but since I hurt myself, I have achieved nothing! " That's how he praised Gui Youguang.
The youngest son with light, Zimu, is called Keith. In the 19th year of Wanli (159 1), I won the entrance examination, but I didn't enter the Jinshi in the second year. It is best to live in seclusion in Jiangcun and Wuxi Gao Panlong. When he died, Qi Biaojia asked the court for instructions and gave him an imperial edict such as Hanlin.
Gui Youguang has profound attainments in the specialized study of Confucian classics and has become a master of Confucian classics. Later, Hu in Deqing County was as famous as him, and the world called them "Gui and Hu".
Eight, Zhenchuan Academy
In the eighth year of Daoguang reign in Qing Dynasty (1828), Tao Shu, governor of Jiangsu Province, was invited by Daoguang Emperor to build Zhenchuan Academy in Anting, Shi Gui's former residence, in memory of Gui Youguang. The Academy is connected with Bordet Foundation. In the 28th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1902), Zhenchuan Academy was closed. The next year, Mao Yiyuan founded a new school in the same place, renamed Zhenchuan School, which turned out to be a primary school. 1905 changed to middle school and established normal school. It is the earliest middle school in Jiading and Kunshan counties. 1906 changed to primary school. The current address is Anting Middle School, Jiading District, Shanghai.
Nine. historic site
To commemorate the eighth year of Gui Youguang Daoguang (1828), Governor Tao Shu of Jiangsu submitted to Daoguang for approval, and used the vacant land east of Bordet base to build Zhenchuan Academy. Daoguang started construction in 8 years (1828) and was completed in 3 years. The Academy covers an area of 1 1.7 mu.
The Academy is connected with the Bordet base of the ancient temple, with a monk stream in the south and a big bear wall on the other side, dotted with green trees and vines, which is extremely clean. There are fruit trees in the east and monk creek in the north. The front of the academy is engraved with four seal characters of "Zhenchuan Academy".
Qing Daoguang 15 (1834), Governor Lin Zexu of Jiangsu visited Zhenchuan Academy to build water conservancy, leaving "Confucianism is not empty, water conservancy books are successful, merits are suitable for blood and food; The teacher was late, and experts judged that he was as crazy as Qizi.
In the 25th year of Guangxu (1903), Zhenchuan Academy was closed. The following year, Mao Yuan and others borrowed the original funds of the Academy to open Zhenchuan Primary School at the original site. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), a middle school was added. Now it is Zhenchuan Middle School (located in Anting Town, Jiading District, Shanghai).
X. Gui Youguang Tomb
Gui Youguang's Tomb is located in Jintongli, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province. The Fiona Fang of the cemetery is over 5 mu, and there are many graves. The East Tomb is the tomb of his great-grandfathers, Yin Gong and Yu Pei. Xi Zhong is Gui Youguang and its rival.
Gui Youguang Tomb in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province
Wei, Wang's Tomb, Great-grandson Gui Zhuang's Tomb, buried in. The original tomb gate was built in Dongganlong for six years (174 1) and moved to the front of the tomb. 1934, rebuilt the tomb door and sealed the tomb of Mr. Huan Zhenchuan. The tomb was poured into a dome with cement, and "Tombstone of Ming Taibu Temple belongs to Mr. Zhenchuan" was erected; On the left side of the tomb, there is a Japanese Pavilion to commemorate Gui Youguang's contribution to resisting Japanese invaders in Jiajing period (1522- 1566).