We protect ancient buildings, mainly to protect their cultural values, that is, to protect their historical, scientific and artistic values. These values are embodied by the existing ancient architectural entities. Therefore, the fundamental protection of ancient buildings is to protect the existing ancient building entities, specifically to protect the shape, structural style, component texture and manufacturing technology of buildings. Once an ancient building is destroyed, it is impossible to rebuild it, and its cultural value disappears.
At present, in the maintenance of ancient buildings, there is often a lack of understanding of their cultural relics value, and there are often phenomena such as changing components at will, refreshing colors, and even changing the original shape and structure of buildings, thus causing damage to cultural relics. This phenomenon is called protective damage.
The reason for this is the following：
1. Regard the cultural relic building as a modern building, and think that since it has been repaired, it should be completely repaired, so that it can be completely renewed once and for all, and then it can be fought and components changed. This phenomenon is most likely to occur in the renovation of ancient buildings used by non-cultural relics departments such as religion, tourism and gardens. Sometimes it is caused by the lack of cultural relics awareness and unreasonable intervention by local administrative leaders.
People think that the earlier an ancient building is built, the more valuable it is. Therefore, the shape, structure, materials and manufacturing technology of buildings are often artificially unified to the condition of the first building, thus causing damage to the later rebuilt ancient buildings. In fact, this understanding of "the earlier the more valuable" is a complete misunderstanding of the value of ancient buildings. A part that has been rebuilt many times is of cultural value, but its importance is different.
3. Superstition and abuse of new materials and technologies.
4. When repairing the design, we should look at the ancient buildings with modern aesthetics and change the style and unreasonable structure of the original buildings. The above points come down to the lack of comprehensive understanding of the value of ancient architectural cultural relics. Another is due to the lack of knowledge and improper protection of relevant personnel. For example, some protective buildings were built in Taiwan Province, which changed the original environment of ancient buildings and caused the weathering and corrosion of cultural relics. Planting trees and grass around ancient buildings may also cause similar phenomena.
When we are repairing and protecting ancient buildings, we should bear in mind that we are protecting not only the ancient buildings themselves, but more importantly, the value of cultural relics embodied through this entity. Once this entity is destroyed, its cultural value disappears and it is impossible to reproduce.
Second, what are the problems in the renovation and protection of ancient buildings?
1, weak sense of protection
The lack of public awareness of protection is a prominent problem in the protection of ancient cultural relics. Mainly reflected in: On the one hand, people are relatively indifferent to the protection measures of ancient buildings and cultural relics. On the other hand, people are destroying more and more ancient cultural relics. In recent years, tourism and real estate have sprung up, attracting the attention of investors and consumers. Driven by unlimited business opportunities and economic benefits, some developers, operators, ordinary people and even government workers wantonly destroy or renovate ancient buildings and even destroy ancient cultural relics for immediate interests.
2. Protection methods need to be improved.
With the passage of time, it is inevitable that the streets, buildings and landscapes in some old cities need to be rebuilt urgently. At present, these streets, buildings and landscapes are usually restored by advanced science and technology. But many methods are contrary to the "keep the same" method. In the process of restoration and protection, we should try to keep some traces of our predecessors, not just the appearance. Ensure the integrity of cultural relics of ancient buildings, and effectively continue and develop urban history and culture.
3. Integrity is destroyed.
After hundreds of years, some cities have formed a more complex social and cultural environment. This is of great significance to the development of a city. However, with the large-scale transformation of the old city, due to human reasons, the social and cultural environment has been destroyed and lost its original charm. In this long process, the cultural relics of ancient buildings are gradually integrated with the surrounding environment, presenting a meaningful "place". And all these have disappeared in the large-scale transformation of the old city.
4. The repair technology is unscientific.
Relying too much on modern scientific and technological products in restoration technology is difficult to fully show the historical original appearance of ancient architectural cultural relics. Even some restoration activities only do surface engineering, emphasizing external repair rather than internal repair. In this restoration environment, the historical information of ancient buildings and cultural relics is easily deleted artificially, causing irreparable losses.