Almost every variety of Quyi in history has gone through a bumpy road. The feudal rulers of past dynasties mostly adopted two means to Quyi: prohibition and utilization. Song Zhenzong and Zhao Heng once banned monks from singing and changing articles. The yuan dynasty also clearly stipulated by law that "learning is fun, and words are as they say." , parallelism should be prohibited. " The bans in Ming and Qing dynasties continued. Can't help but use it and become their pleasure tool. Feudal rulers not only used Quyi for fun, but also used Quyi to publicize feudal moral norms and religious superstitions, which inevitably covered Quyi with a layer of dust and dirt during its long-term spread, leading to mixed good and bad. However, Quyi, an art form that comes from the people and is deeply loved by the people, still survives tenaciously. It is not only full of vitality, but also breeds the growth of other artistic varieties.
Quyi has always had a fine fighting tradition of quickly reflecting reality and boldly intervening in life. According to legend, in the summer of the 19th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 14), the landlords and gentry in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province tried to fill up the Mingying Bridge and cut off the water source of Taihu Lake, and the farmers rose up to fight. Wuxi Pingqu quickly compiled the track "Mingying Bridge" to support the struggle of local farmers. The picture of victory by Zhang Shouchen, a famous crosstalk artist, is a portrait of a warlord's dirty linen, while Wenhui satirizes the "literati" who speak bitterly, criticizes the disadvantages of the times and goes deep into it. For example, in the winter of 1935, when the Red Army went north through Guizhou to fight against Japan, Shi, a great singer of the Dong nationality, wrote and sang the pipa song "Long March Suite" to publicize the anti-Japanese proposition in time. Many artists also gave their precious lives for this. For example, Li Sujiao was killed because he smashed the enemy's "White Army Soldiers' Way Out Song" behind enemy lines. Quyi, an excellent fighting tradition, has been handed down from generation to generation without interruption. Until the counter-revolutionary groups of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing were crushed, cross talks such as Hat Factory, So Taking Pictures, Making a scene in Heaven, and Special Life grabbed guns, violently pointing to the ugliness that had brought disasters to the country and the people, and won people's praise.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the art of Quyi has enjoyed unprecedented prosperity and development, and it has become a common practice to compose new songs, such as the new drum works Hated by the Fisherman, Huang Jiguang, the drum book Stone Never Rots to Drive a Car, the ballad of Wang Xiaohe, The Huaihe River must be repaired, the cross talk Night Walk, Buy a Monkey, Yesterday and so on. With the continuous prosperity and development of Quyi creation, a lot of artistic innovations have been made. For example, Dulaibao, which is famous for its simple jingle, has gradually evolved into an allegro book that can tell complex storylines and portray many characters, and its sentence patterns and plates have been greatly enriched; Beijing-Tianjin Plum Blossom Drum and Suzhou Tanci, which are good at expressing touching and euphemistic scenes, are constantly innovating and creating for the needs of singing new life and new characters, enriching the singing and accompaniment instruments and singing a magnificent new cavity. At the same time, unprecedented achievements have been made in the collection, arrangement and excavation of traditional opera tracks, such as recording and arranging the tracks and artistic experience of some outstanding actors, and collecting and studying the calligraphy, lyrics, music and video materials of a certain genre, which not only accumulated valuable historical materials, but also enriched the stage tracks. In particular, the collation and publication of Tibetan "Biography of King Gesar", Yangzhou Pinghua "Song Wu" and Shandong Kuaishu "Song Wu Chuan" and other long and huge traditional songs have attracted people's attention and achieved remarkable results. Since 1980s, under the new situation of reform and opening up, the art of Quyi in Gabon has developed vigorously. Not only has a large number of young Quyi actors been trained, but also the research on Quyi has been greatly developed.
Talking refers to China's rap in Song and Yuan Dynasties. The story is perfunctory and rap, similar to the storytelling of later generations. An artist who makes speeches is called an orator. Speaking is an idiom since Sui and Tang Dynasties. "Flower" is an oral story, called a story, and it is still a story. Dunhuang wrote a Han Qinhu flower book. There is a flower story in the Tang Dynasty, which has been handed down since the Five Dynasties. There is also an "old saying", which is to rap ancient historical stories; There are Xiaoyan, Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden from Conghua (Volume 40) and Raising Phoenix Emperor's Thirst for Sleep, which are still short stories. Also known as "tuning words". "Brothel Collection" said: "When I was a child, I was easy to talk, which was the so-called novelist." It can be seen that this literary form has a long history. What has a direct impact on speech should be the change of words.
The art of speaking flourished in the Song Dynasty and occupied a dominant position in Goulan tile house. Take Lin 'an as an example. There are as many people engaged in this profession as 100, but only one person is a liar. At that time, there were four kinds of speeches: novels, case-solving, fighters, classics and history books. Novel, a silver character, with silver characters or silver characters, tells more sad and moving stories such as smoke powder, ghosts and legends. Speaking of case-solving and iron horse, it is naturally a story of bow and iron horse, which can be said to be a story with silver characters; Talking about the invitation to participate in classics refers to the story of singing classics, participating in Zen and realizing Taoism; Talking about history books, that is, talking about the rise and fall of wars in previous dynasties, is mostly a long comment, which flourished in the Yuan Dynasty. We can read the Pinghua of the Three Kingdoms and the Pinghua of the Five Dynasties.
Among the four speakers, telling history and novels is the highest artistic achievement and has the greatest influence on later generations. According to Jingshi Jisheng, "I am most afraid of novelists, who cover novels and can tell stories from generation to generation in an instant." It means that novelists are not limited by books, history and biographies, but can concentrate on describing stories and portraying vivid characters. Whether it is a long story or a short story book, it is interspersed with perfunctory, colorful and fascinating. The art of rap is a kind of performing art that combines rap and rap, that is, "saying words, reading poems, saying words and making bricks." "Words" and "poems" are used for singing; "Hua" is a casual "building block", similar to the gag in Chinese drama, and it is in performance. The most comprehensive summary of the achievements in the art of speaking is what Ye Luo said in The Talk of Drunken Weng: "Fiction is everywhere, and it should be based on practical learning. Bo Gu is a legend in Ming Dynasty and today. Full of wind and rain, talk about a wisp of poetry. In the words of monsters and elves, gods and masters. The guns and knives involved are in love. How many infinite things in the world are always subtle. " A complete summary is made from the theme, content and artistic characteristics of the speech. The art of rap has had a far-reaching influence on novels, operas and quyi of later generations.