Biological disasters mainly include insect disaster, forest fire, red tide, rat disaster, plague and so on. Forest fire is one of the most serious disasters threatening forest ecosystem at present. Due to abnormal climate, forest fires occurred frequently all over the world in 1980s and 1990s, such as forest fires in Lake Baikal in Russia, forest fires in Mongolia and forest fires in Indonesia. 1987 A forest fire broke out in Daxing 'anling, China. The burned area reached 1 14× 104 ha (hectare), and the direct economic loss was more than 500 million yuan. 1997 the forest fire in Indonesia burned for three months, and smoke filled the sky over Jakarta. Pedestrians in the street are wearing masks. The disaster destroyed more than 300,000 hectares of forest and killed 300 people.

Insect disasters occur every year, affecting all parts of the world. The annual loss of forestry caused by pests and forest fires in China is 2 billion yuan, and the agricultural loss is 654.38+0 billion yuan. Insect disasters mainly include locust disaster, cotton bollworm disaster, rice insect disaster and pine caterpillar disaster. Rodents are mainly food loss and disease spread. 1347 ~ 1350 The Black Death, which was prevalent in Europe in the 20th century, was a plague, which claimed the lives of13 Europeans (more than 20 million people). In 1980s, the average annual grain loss caused by rodents in China was 7.2× 108 kg. In addition, there are a series of biological disasters such as termites eating wooden houses and furniture, and mosquitoes spreading diseases.