I have long heard that Brazil has first-class aircraft manufacturing technology and regional aircraft. However, a problem that has puzzled journalists for a long time is that Brazil and China belong to the third world countries. In addition, Embraer, founded in 1969, has become one of the four largest airlines in the world with a history of only 35 years. What is supporting such a strong development? With the deepening of the interview, the mystery was gradually revealed. The history of Brazilian man-made aircraft can be traced back to the beginning of last century. With the development of the first aircraft, although it is not mature technically, it has already possessed the embryonic form of Brazilian aviation technology. Subsequently, Brazil set up the Aviation Development Bureau in the federal government and began to formulate the national major policies and plans for the development of aviation. On this premise, the Brazilian government has established aviation scientific research institutions to implement the government's policies and plans for developing aviation.
On the basis of decades' accumulation, the first real airplane, Pioneer, appeared in 1966, and its first flight was successful two years later. 1969, the Brazilian federal government finally decided to formally establish Embraer, and the Brazilian government holds 96.5% of the voting shares. So this is a state-owned company, supplemented by a small number of private shares, so it is essentially a state-controlled company.
After the establishment of Embraer, in the first 25 years, through cooperation with foreign airlines with advanced aviation technology, it can be said that there has been a qualitative leap from introducing patented technology to developing its own patented technology, from purchasing production licenses of other airlines to issuing licenses to other airlines. Most notably, CBA- 123 and 1987 were successfully developed and 1990 was successfully tested. Although it failed to become a formal product due to various factors such as the sluggish aviation market at that time, Embraer achieved a major technological breakthrough through this project and accumulated rich experience, which laid a solid foundation for the success of regional aircraft later. After entering the 1990s, the world civil aviation market shrank with the economic depression. The Brazilian government believes that the development of Embraer needs to be re-formulated according to the changes in the international market and the actual situation of the company, and the industrial structure needs to be greatly adjusted. 1994 12 The Brazilian government issued a decree to privatize Embraer. Brazil's largest investment consortium controls 60% of the company's shares. 1999 also implemented a strategic alliance with the then French Aerospace Group (now changed to the European Group) and sold 20% of the controlling stake to it. The consortium includes EADS, Dassault Aircraft Company, Terez and other famous companies. The Brazilian government owns 1.45% of gold shares, which is said to have been reduced to 0.8% at present. In addition to the "life and death card" of Embraer, it has all been handed over to the enterprise. It should be emphasized that the French aerospace group's shareholding in Embraer shows that the European aviation industry is full of confidence in the prospects of Brazil's aviation industry and supports the development of high-tech products.
Embraer, which has been privatized, is listed on the new york Stock Exchange and the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange. Guan Dongke, president of Embraer and chief representative of China, admits that privatization has caused changes in management concepts, from technology orientation to current customer orientation; Moreover, the injection of capital after privatization is like injecting fresh blood into the enterprise and giving it endless vitality, which undoubtedly urges Embraer to enter the era of soaring and enter the ranks of global aviation giants. After investigating and analyzing the aviation market, the new high-level decision-makers made a decisive strategic decision to fully develop regional aircraft. They mainly push the ERJ 145 jet regional plane. ERJ 145 is a series of twin-engine turbofan jet regional aircraft. Facts have proved that the decision of the company's top management is correct and far-sighted. Since the middle and late 1990s, there has been a huge demand for regional aircraft in the world aviation market. Because the 50-seat ERJ 145 aircraft series is specially developed and manufactured for the regional aviation market, it has become the best model to meet the regional transportation market. By this year, the sales volume of ERJ 145 has reached 800 vehicles.
When analyzing the market segmentation, Embraer found that in the passenger aircraft market, more than 70 seats and less than 100 seats are virgin land to be reclaimed, which also avoids competition with Boeing and Airbus. So in June of 1999, the development of Embraer170190 series was started, which is a 70- 1 10 passenger plane. As expected, the off-line of 200 1 1 was welcomed by the market. In fact, Embraer 170 is so popular and concerned, not only because it makes up for the vacancy in the market, but more importantly, its humanized design is comparable to the most advanced aircraft in all aspects. In May, 2000, an ERJ 145 regional plane made an air show in six cities in China. This is the first time to see a plane made in Brazil in the blue sky of China. China people are deeply impressed by its flexible handling performance, good economic performance and spacious and bright cabin. On September 25th of the same year, with the delivery of the first batch of five ERJ 145 aircraft ordered by China Sichuan Airlines, Brazilian aircraft officially entered the China market. From June, 5438 to February, 2002, Harbin Amboway Aircraft Industry Co., Ltd., which was jointly established by Embraer, Harbin Aircraft Industry Group Co., Ltd. and Hafei Aviation Industry Co., Ltd., was formally announced. Embraer hopes to help China broaden the development of regional aviation with its excellent performance and low cost regional jet. This is the first time that China has cooperated with foreign advanced civil aircraft industrial enterprises in the form of joint venture. The joint venture company adopts the advanced technology and management experience of Embraer, which is different from the mode of cooperating with Boeing and Airbus to produce parts for it. Instead, the whole machine technology of aviation manufacturing industry is introduced to assemble and produce ERJ 145 series turbofan regional aircraft, which are sold to domestic and some international markets, and provide all-round technical support and after-sales service. The production capacity is 24 aircraft/year, and the contract period is 15 years. On June 65438+February 65438+June 2003, the first 50-seat ERJ 145 jet regional aircraft produced by China and Brazil made its first flight successfully. On February 2, 2004, Harbin Anbowei Aircraft Industry Co., Ltd. announced that it would sell six ERJ 145 aircraft to China Southern Airlines. This contract marks that Harbin Anbowei Aircraft Industry Co., Ltd. won the first order from China Airlines and became the first successful project for Heilongjiang Province to implement strategic cooperation to revitalize the old industrial base in Northeast China.
China's aircraft market has an unusual temptation for global aircraft manufacturing giants. According to industry experts' prediction, in the next 20 years, China is expected to become the second largest aviation market in the world after the United States, and regional aircraft will be a new growth point for China's civil aviation. Embraer is very optimistic about the regional aviation market in China. After analyzing the market share of regional aircraft in the whole international aircraft market, Kantok thinks that China's regional aircraft market has great potential. The implementation of CEPA, the communication between mainland cities, the development of the western region and the off-season of aviation all highlight its advantages. A few years ago, the concept of regional aircraft rose in European and American countries. At present, the changes in China aviation market are in line with this international trend. It is predicted that there will be 396 regional aircraft in China by 2020. This huge market is the goal of Brazilian Airlines.
Embraer and AVIC set up a joint venture in Harbin from June 5 to 10, 2003. In the past seven years of cooperation, both sides are very satisfied and very successful. This cooperation is not only a successful cooperation between the two companies, but also very successful in aviation manufacturing. More importantly, Brazil and China are two developing countries in the BRIC countries, which is also a very representative and successful cooperation model. Because the market structure has changed, the fuel price at that time was $0/8 per barrel, and now the fuel price has reached $84. Due to the soaring fuel price, a new generation of aircraft, such as E 190, has entered the market, which is more comfortable, more environmentally friendly, more energy-saving and more efficient. Airlines have shifted their focus to E-series aircraft, which has brought challenges to E25 aircraft orders. After discussion with our partners in China, we actually intend to assemble the E 190 aircraft in China. Similar projects need the approval of the government and relevant departments before they can be assembled in China. At the end of last year, we put forward a similar idea to the government of China. For various reasons, we haven't given us a definite answer yet, and we are still waiting. Anyway, we are satisfied with the cooperation. Even today, the current cooperation can be said to be a model of cooperation. In any case, Embraer is full of confidence in the China market. Besides E 190, there are also E 19 1 aircraft, which also sell business jets. These two markets are huge.