Editor's Note: There is not much to say about the works and contributions of Li Shizhen, a master of Chinese medicine; We only need to see the law of the development of Chinese medicine from his medical experience and achievements. Li Shizhen was born in the family of "Doctor Zhong", as the saying goes, the family of village doctors, but he made outstanding achievements. Moreover, the current situation of Chinese medicine in Li Shizhen era is very similar to the problems encountered in the development of contemporary Chinese medicine. Please read it carefully! After reading it, you can leave a message below to discuss!
Eggs: There are four interesting stories about Li Shizhen.
Li Shizhen and Li Shizhen, whose real names are Dongbi, were born in Lakeside Mountain in their later years. Born in qi zhou, Hubei Province (now qi zhou Town, Qichun County, Hubei Province), Han nationality, was born on May 26th, 13th year of Ming Dynasty (July 3rd, julian calendar 15 18, July 65438 of the new calendar). Being good at reading medical books, doctors' materia medica, 365 kinds of which were handed down from Shennong, added by Hongjing, 1 14 kinds by Tang Su Gong, 120 kinds by Song Zeng, and 1558 kinds were added successively in the Qing Dynasty, which is called great preparation.
But the categories are annoying, the names are mixed, or one thing is divided into two or three, or two things are mixed into one product, which is rare and strange. This is a poor man looking for rich knowledge and trouble to fill the gap. Over the past 30 years, I have read more than 800 books, and three drafts have become a book called Compendium of Materia Medica. 374 kinds of drugs were added, divided into 16, and 52 volumes were synthesized. The first label is named "Gang", and the rest are attached for the purpose of explanation. The manufacture, color, smell and indications are described in detail later. When the book is written, it is precious and sudden in court. A few days later, Zongshen wrote a letter to repair the history of this country and bought books from all directions. His son Jian Yuan presented his father's suicide note and his book, which was praised by the Emperor and ordered to be published all over the world. Scholar-officials naturally have their own books. At that time, Chu people, once a shrine and Zijian, were born in Pengxi County, Sichuan Province.
Li Shizhen During the period of 155 1- 1557, the feudal emperor recruited medical officers and ordered all localities to select people with excellent medical skills to work in the imperial palace hospital, so Li Shizhen, who worked in Wuchang Chu Palace, was also recommended to Beijing.
There are many controversies about Li Shizhen's working experience in Imperial Hospital. Some people think that Li Shizhen once served as a court judge in Imperial Hospital (Grade Six), while others think that he only served as a doctor (Grade Eight). Regardless of his position, it is undeniable that Li Shizhen was recommended to North Korea. The working experience in Thai hospital may have brought great influence on his life and laid a good foundation for his creation of Compendium of Materia Medica.
During this period, Li Shizhen was very active in drug research. He often went in and out of the pharmacies and royal drug storerooms of Imperial Hospital, carefully compared and identified drug villages all over the country, and collected a lot of information. At the same time, he also had the opportunity to appreciate the rich classics collected by Wang Fu and the royal family. At the same time, he may have obtained a lot of information about folk materia medica from the imperial court at that time, and saw a lot of drug specimens that are difficult to see at ordinary times, which greatly broadened his horizons and enriched his knowledge field. Speaking of this, we must contact another famous cursive script compiled by Gong Xiu in the Ming Dynasty-Essence of Materia Medica.
In 2002, the Chinese Cultural Research Association photocopied and published Compendium of Materia Medica, which was compiled by Ming Xiaozong in Hongzhi 16 (1503) in August. Under the organization of prison eunuch Liu, there are nine editorial teams, including the governor, the chief judge, the vice president, the usurper and the procurator, including 49 copywriters and painters. After a year and a half of revision, the pharmacopoeia was compiled. According to the order of old cases in Zheng Ben Cao written by Tang Shenwei in Song Dynasty, the author divided the medicinal materials into 65,438+00 parts, including jade, grass, wood and fruit, and each part was written as top, middle and bottom products respectively. The book contains 65,438+0,865,438+05 kinds of drugs, written in Zhu Mo. There are as many as 1358 color sketches in front of the text, which is the first large-scale picture album in China.
Li Shizhen's hospital, which was about 50 years ago, could not be ignorant of the past. At this time, Ming Wuzong, who succeeded Xiao Zong, has passed away, and Ming Shizong has been emperor for more than 30 years, and may not care about the mystery of his death. So you can have a glimpse of the materia medica, sealed in the palace, and not publicized. Therefore, it is not excluded that Li Shizhen was lucky enough to see this book during his work in Tai Hospital. It is also for this reason that he intends to compile a new monograph on materia medica that can surpass this book. However, it is impossible to satisfy his ideas and realize his wishes in the working environment of the hospital. Because Li Shizhen was not as famous as Rong Lu, he didn't work long in the hospital, so he resigned and went home.
Before and after working in Taiyuan Hospital of Li Shizhen, Li Shizhen began to write Compendium of Materia Medica after a long period of preparation. In the process of writing, wearing straw sandals and carrying a medicine basket, he took his students and his son Jianyuan over mountains and mountains to seek medical advice, and traveled thousands of miles to Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and other vast areas, as well as Niushou Mountain, Sheshan (called Sheshan in ancient times, now Qixia Mountain), Maoshan and Taihe Mountain.
Compendium of Materia Medica consists of 16 parts, 52 volumes and about 1.9 million words. The book contains 15 18 kinds of drugs collected from various herbs, and 374 kinds of drugs are added on the basis of predecessors, accounting for 1892 kinds, including 1 195 kinds of plants; * * * Collected 1 1096 ancient pharmacists' prescriptions and folk prescriptions; There are more than 1 100 pictures of drug morphology in front of the book. This masterpiece has absorbed the essence of herbal works of past dynasties, corrected the previous mistakes as much as possible, supplemented the shortcomings, and made many important discoveries and breakthroughs. It is the most systematic, complete and scientific medical work in China up to16th century.
Li Shizhen, Li Shizhen, felt that there were many shortcomings and even fallacies in the pulse science of TCM at that time, so in 1564 (forty-three years of Ming Jiajing), he compiled Pulse Tactics, namely, Hu Ling Pulse Science, based on the Invention of Four Diagnoses written by his father Li Yuechi and other pulse theory in history.
Lakeside Veins was written by Li Shizhen in his later years, and it is called Lakeside Veins. The book "Hu Ling's Pulse Studies" extracted the essence of pulse studies before the Ming Dynasty, and included 27 kinds of pulse conditions. In the book, the main points of distinguishing the same and different pulses and the main symptoms of pulse conditions are compiled into songs for easy memory. This book is thorough in reasoning, vivid in image, easy to learn and easy to remember, and suitable for grassroots Chinese medical workers and pulse lovers to read.
The book is concise in language and clear in pulse. It not only sums up the clinical complex pulse conditions into 27 basic pulse conditions, but also writes the main contents, namely pulse conditions, similar pulse conditions identification and treatment pulse conditions, in the form of rhymes and songs, which is cheap to recite. Therefore, its books are widely circulated in the world and have always been highly praised by doctors.
"Hu Ling Pulse" is of great guiding significance to the basic theoretical research and clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It is actually a classic work of Chinese medicine and a great contribution of Li Shizhen to Chinese medicine.
One day, Li Shizhen and his apprentice Wang Guanghe came to the mouth of the lake and saw a group of people carrying coffins for funeral, and the blood in the coffins was flowing out. Li Shizhen stepped forward and saw that blood was not blood, but blood. He quickly stopped the crowd and stopped the coffin bearers. Everyone listened, looked at each other and couldn't believe it. Li Shizhen saw everyone's mind, repeatedly persuaded, and finally let the master promise to open the coffin. First, I had a massage, and then my heart was pricked by a needle. After a while, I saw the woman in the coffin gently snorted and woke up. Soon after, the woman successfully gave birth to a son. It turned out that the woman was in suspended animation due to dystocia.
Li Shizhen can also "kill the living". One day, the son of a drugstore owner, after eating and drinking enough, jumped over the counter and asked Li Shizhen to take his pulse. Li Shizhen told him, little brother, you won't live for three hours. Please go home quickly. They don't believe it, and the son of the drugstore owner is cursed. Sure enough, in less than three hours, the man died. It turned out that this man ate too much and jumped, his intestines were broken and his internal organs were damaged.
Li Shizhen was smart and kind since he was a child, and he learned a lot of words from his father before he went to school. When he first entered school, Mr. Xue looked at the distant mountains surrounded by trees and took out the first couplet: "Lin Qingyuan." Although Li Shizhen was only eight years old at that time, he saw that the morning glow was particularly bright and all the passing passengers had boarded the plane, so he blurted out: "Tomorrow is to fly to the guests." Mr. Wang was surprised and determined to pay more attention.
There was a drugstore owner with a smart and beautiful daughter under his knee. In order to choose a talented man as a partner for his daughter, he decided to use a famous medicine to ask for marriage: "a jade leaf and golden flower." Many suitors look forward to combining and sighing. One of them is a young man named Ma. He is honest, but he lacks literary talent. He had to turn to Li Shizhen for help. Li Shizhen teenagers help others and blurt out: "Cordyceps sinensis has nine skins." Store independent horse childe is more handsome, give him the first part, limited to one day. This couplet reads: "Water Lotus and Scutellaria barbata see flowers as water lotus." Ma Gongzi had to ask Li Shizhen to make a couplet: "Mother of Pearl holds pearls in a pearl bowl." The shopkeeper was very happy after reading it, and then went out again. "Pulsatilla leads the cattle to cultivate the land" is limited to half a day. Ma Gongzi had no choice but to ask Li Shizhen. In order to fulfill this marriage, Li Shizhen made a little false thinking, taking "Fairy Acacia with Matchmaker" as the bottom line. The shopkeeper was very satisfied and immediately agreed to get engaged.
Hao, a local official, knows a little about medicine. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, the wind blew out the lanterns. It turned out that the lantern had three holes, and the mouth occupied the upper part: "The lantern cage lamp, the paper (orange) shell was originally windproof." Because I can't continue the bottom line, I have to find Li Shizhen as the bottom line: "Drum drum, tangerine peel can't knock half (summer)."
Another day, the magistrate Hao visited Li Shizhen. After entering the hospital, I couldn't help admiring the bamboo: "The heat is unbearable, so it's best to have a piece of bamboo leaves." Li Shizhen casually replied: "It is especially wonderful to eat Bupleurum for typhoid fever."
When Hao Zhifu saw a few roses, he couldn't help but sigh: "Although roses are small, they smell seven or eight miles." Li Shizhen smiled and replied: "The buttonwood tree is big, and you have to eat fifty or sixty capsules a day."
Hao Zhifu is a foreigner. Seeing that Li Shizhen was so speculative, he sang a couplet: "An official, who is at home in the world, must be prepared." Li Shizhen smiled and said, "Doctors come down in one continuous line. Can you divide peach kernels and almonds? "
Hao Zhifu picked up the prescription prescribed by Li Shizhen for him and said to himself, "Paper has five flavors: sweet and sour." Before putting down the brush in Li Shizhen's hand, he said, "The pole is hard, sharp and soft, and the lily is dried, fried and cut."
In this way, the host and guest sang harmoniously, immersed in wonderful thoughts and elegance. Not realizing that it was getting late, Hao Zhifu got up and said, "There are relatives everywhere in China, no matter where." Li Shizhen said with a smile: "The spring breeze is coming, full of flowers, but it smells of musk and woody."
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