2. Guangzhou, also known as Yangcheng and Huacheng, is the provincial capital, sub-provincial city, national central city and megacity of Guangdong Province, and an important central city, international business center and comprehensive transportation hub of China as determined by the State Council.
Guangzhou is located in the south of China, in the lower reaches of the Pearl River, near the South China Sea. It is China Southern Theater Command, National Logistics Hub, National Comprehensive Gateway City and the first batch of coastal open cities. It is the southern gate of China to the world, the central city of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, and the hub city of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Guangzhou is one of the first national historical and cultural cities and the birthplace of Guangfu culture. Since the Qin Dynasty, it has been the seat of county, state and government, and the political, military, economic, cultural, scientific and educational center of southern China.
In the 5th and 3rd century, it became the main port of the Maritime Silk Road, the largest port in China during the Tang and Song Dynasties, the world-famous oriental port city, the only foreign trade port in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the only port in the world that flourished for more than 2,000 years.