Xingtai earthquake, Hebei province (1March 8-29, 966, several earthquakes of magnitude 6 and 7).
The first earthquake occurred in the east of Longyao County in Xingtai area, with a magnitude of 6.8. Since then, five earthquakes of magnitude 6 have occurred, with magnitude 7.2 occurring in the southeast of Ningjin County on the 22nd as the largest. Due to the loose soil, high groundwater level and ancient rivers in the disaster area, the earthquake caused serious damage and extensive losses. The 6.8 earthquake affected 142 counties and cities, and the 7.2 earthquake damaged 136 counties and cities. It feels like Duolun in Inner Mongolia in the north, Yantai in the east, Nanjing in the south and Tongchuan in the west. The earthquake * * * killed 8 182 people, injured 5 1395 people, damaged more than 4 million houses and damaged 86 bridges. There were * * accidents and fires 1 15 in the disaster area, with 16 people killed, 26 people burned and simple houses 153 rooms burned. There are more than 300 landslides in the western mountainous areas of Xingtai, Jingxing and Wu 'an, and 22 fires caused by landslides and flying stones burned 80 hectares of mountains. Ground fissures, sand erosion and water erosion are common, extending intermittently from tens of meters to several kilometers. The maximum width of the ground fissure is 2m. It is common for wells to rise or overflow. Several bridges on the Fuyang River were seriously damaged. The deck of Aixinzhuang Bridge moved southward, with a distance of 0/.8 meters from pier/kloc-0, which caused traffic disruption. The earthquake affected a wide area. A generator trip occurred in Hezhuo County, Tianjin, causing a short power outage. The western part of Shijiazhuang and Xiyang, Shanxi Province were also damaged to a higher degree. The State Council attached great importance to Xingtai earthquake, and sent local troops to the disaster area for rescue. All parts of the country vigorously supported the disaster areas and sent medical teams to support a large number of food and relief materials. On March 9, Premier Zhou Enlai braved the danger of the earthquake and listened to the disaster report and relief situation in Longyao County, the earthquake-stricken area, and expressed condolences to the people in the disaster area. After the earthquake, 94 medical teams were stationed in the disaster area, with 7 1 15 medical personnel.
The Daguan earthquake in Yunnan (May 1974, 1 1, an earthquake of magnitude 7. 1 occurred in Daguan).
The earthquake was felt strongly in most parts of Sichuan Basin. The sensing area is about 400,000 square kilometers. The earthquake caused 1423 deaths and 1600 injuries. More than 66,000 houses were damaged, of which more than 28,000 collapsed, and the damaged area of houses was about 2,300 square kilometers. In the earthquake zone, the wooden frame of the wooden house was not damaged, but most of the earth walls and stone walls collapsed, and most of the earth beam houses and Mao Liang Shi houses collapsed or were leveled. The earthquake also caused landslides and ground fissures on the hillside, destroying roads, farmland, canals and buried farmhouses. The largest landslide front rushed to the other side of the river, forming a dam about 30 meters high, blocking water and forming a lake.
Haicheng earthquake in Liaoning province (1975 Haicheng earthquake of magnitude 7.3 on February 4th)
The earthquake zone covers an area of 760 square kilometers. The earthquake occurred in densely populated and industrially developed areas, and it was the largest earthquake in the history of this area. Due to the earthquake prediction of China Earthquake Department, the local government took effective earthquake prevention measures in time, which greatly reduced the earthquake disaster. Except for buildings and other engineering structures, most people evacuated their houses during the earthquake, and casualties were greatly reduced. The total number of casualties was 29,579, accounting for 0.32% of the total population, including 204 1 person, accounting for 0.02% of the total population. Most of the casualties are old, weak, sick and disabled children and people who don't listen to instructions. The earthquake caused about 5 million square meters of urban houses to collapse, 6,543,800 square meters of public facilities to be damaged, 6,543,800 square meters of rural houses to be damaged, 2,937 urban and rural transportation and water conservancy facilities to be damaged, and all kinds of equipment and materials suffered serious losses, totaling about 8,654,380+million yuan. The diameter of the ground sand blasting hole is 2.5 meters. There is an earthquake fault with a length of about 5.5 kilometers and a crack width of 40 meters. The damaged area of Yingkou accounts for 53. 1% of the total area of the city. After the earthquake, disaster relief work was carried out in time. The People's Liberation Army dispatched more than 35,000 people,165,438+073 vehicles and 12 aircraft to participate in the disaster relief. The number of medical teams sent to the disaster area reached 10 1, with 3480 personnel. Water supply repair two days after the earthquake; In February and July, all the disaster areas resumed power supply. The victims spent the Spring Festival in a "three-proof" simple room. A month later, transportation and industrial and agricultural production basically resumed. The success of Haicheng earthquake prediction has achieved great social and economic benefits. It is speculated that if there is no forecast, the casualties will reach about 65.438+0.5 million, and the economic loss will exceed 5 billion yuan.
Yunnan Longling earthquake (1On May 29th, 976, there were two strong earthquakes in Longling County, western Yunnan).
The first time occurred at 20: 23: 18 seconds with a magnitude of 7.3, and the second time occurred at 22: 00: 23 seconds with a magnitude of 7.4. This earthquake belongs to the earthquake swarm type. Aftershocks have high activity and intensity. Every earthquake has two polar regions. From May 29th to the end of the year, a total of 2,477 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or above were recorded, including 4.7 and 5.9 earthquakes 19, and 6.2, 7.3 and 7.4 earthquakes 1 time. The earthquake caused different degrees of losses to 9 counties in Baoshan, Lincang and Dehong Autonomous Prefecture. 98 people were killed, 45 1 person was seriously injured, and 420,000 houses were damaged by the collapse. The affected area is about 1883 square kilometers. The landslide caused by the earthquake also caused serious losses. The landslide destroyed rural houses 180 rooms, paddy fields, pastures and forest tea gardens of nearly 3,900 hectares, washed away 26 channels 11seat, washed away hydropower stations1seat with an installed capacity of 240 kilowatts, and 3 hydropower stations with an installed capacity of less than 20 kilowatts. 185 km road was destroyed, and the landslide amount reached 780,000 cubic meters. Longling earthquake experienced the process of short-term imminent earthquake prediction, and corresponding earthquake prevention measures were taken before the earthquake. Shallow collapse and landslide is a typical phenomenon of this earthquake.
Tangshan earthquake, Hebei province (1July 28th, 976, an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 occurred in Tangshan city).
The epicenter of the earthquake is located in Tangshan city. This is a rare urban earthquake disaster in the history of China. In an instant, the urbanization of millions of people was in ruins, and people's lives and property and state property suffered heavy losses. Beijing and Tianjin were severely affected. The damaged area of the earthquake is more than 30,000 square kilometers, and the felt area is as much as 14 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, which is equivalent to13 of the national area. The earthquake happened in the middle of the night, and 80% people in the urban area had no time to react and were buried under the rubble. The earthquake zone includes 47 square kilometers on the north and south sides of Jingshan Railway. Almost all the buildings in this area have disappeared. An 8-kilometer-long and 30-meter-wide ground fissure zone crosses fences, houses, roads and canals. In the earthquake zone and its surrounding areas, there are a large number of broken zones, water blasting, blowout, gravity collapse, rolling stones, slope collapse, ground landslide, foundation settlement, cave collapse, goaf collapse and so on. The earthquake * * * caused 242,000 deaths,164,000 people were seriously injured, and in Tangshan alone, 1700 people were permanently disabled. 65.438+04.79 million square meters of public houses were destroyed and 5.3 million houses collapsed; The direct economic loss reached 5.4 billion yuan. Lifeline projects such as water supply, power supply, communication and transportation in the city were all destroyed, all industrial and mining enterprises stopped working, and all hospitals and medical facilities were destroyed. Seven passenger cars and oil tankers derailed in the earthquake. Two large highway bridges on the Jiyun Canal and Luanhe River collapsed, cutting off the road traffic between Tangshan and Tianjin and the outside of the customs. The buildings, structures and water wells of urban water supply network and waterworks were seriously damaged. The ground buildings and structures in Kailuan Coal Mine collapsed or were seriously damaged, and the underground production was interrupted, and nearly 10,000 workers were trapped underground. Tangshan iron and steel company was severely damaged and forced to stop production, and molten steel and molten iron solidified in the furnace. The dams of three large reservoirs and two medium-sized reservoirs collapsed and cracked, and the wave walls collapsed. Of the 4 10 small reservoirs, 240 were damaged. There are 60,000 motor wells with siltation and tube dislocation, accounting for 67% of the total. There are more than 33,000 hectares of sand-pressing cultivated land and 47,000 hectares of salt water flooded land. Destroy more than 55,000 sets (pieces) of agricultural machinery. 36,000 large livestock and more than 442,000 pigs were killed. The environmental sanitation in Tangshan city and its nearby disaster-stricken counties has deteriorated sharply, and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases is particularly prominent. After the earthquake, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council quickly set up an earthquake relief headquarters. Rescue teams and materials from the People's Liberation Army and other parts of the country flocked to Tangshan and launched unprecedented intense disaster relief work, which timely controlled the disaster and reduced casualties. Of the 600,000 people buried in the urban area, 300,000 saved themselves. The PLA troops dispatched nearly 6.5438+0.5 million people. Tangshan Airport takes off and lands 390 flights every day. More than 3,000 people in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Power Grid form an electric emergency repair team. More than 20,000 medical personnel from 13 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, the People's Liberation Army and the railway system have formed nearly 300 medical teams and epidemic prevention teams. The seriously injured were airlifted to other provinces and cities for treatment, with 474 flights by plane and 90 flights by helicopter; * * * 159 health special train opened. Governments at all levels have solved the problems of drinking water, eating and dressing for the masses in time. The work of rebuilding our homeland began at the end of 1976 and at 1978. 10 years later, a thriving new Tangshan appeared in China.
The Songpan-Pingwu earthquake in Sichuan (1an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred between Songpan and Pingwu in August 1976)
The earthquake was a swarm type, with a magnitude of 6.7 on the 22nd and a magnitude of 7.2 on the 23rd after the main earthquake. The earthquake felt a wide range, starting from Gao Tai, Gansu Province in the west, reaching Kunming in the west, Hohhot in the north and Changsha in the east, with a maximum radius of 1 150 km. After the earthquake, heavy rain caused landslides, falling rocks and mudslides. , causing serious damage to farmland, roads, river beds, etc. , communication is interrupted. /kloc-More than 0/100,000 hectares of cultivated land were destroyed, resulting in food losses of 5 million kilograms and the death of more than 2,000 livestock. The earthquake happened in a sparsely populated mountainous area. In addition, there were predictions before the earthquake and evacuation measures were taken. So there were only more than 800 casualties, including more than 600 minor injuries. Most of them are caused by secondary disasters such as mudslides, landslides and rolling stones after the earthquake. Governments at all levels in Sichuan Province set up earthquake prevention and disaster relief headquarters before the earthquake, requiring all departments to make preparations in all aspects. After the earthquake, affected by the Tangshan earthquake, people in Chengdu and its nearby areas had a serious fear of the earthquake, resulting in panic, escape, relocation, jumping off buildings and other phenomena, which had an impact on social life. At the same time, rumors of the earthquake spread everywhere, and people's hearts floated, which aggravated social unrest and led to the closure of schools, shops, factories and mines.
Shangyi earthquake in Hebei province (at 0998, 65438+65438+1October, 65438+165438, an earthquake of magnitude 6.2 occurred east of Shangyi).
It caused serious casualties and economic losses, and was the worst earthquake disaster in Chinese mainland that year. The earthquake-stricken areas involve Zhangbei, Shangyi, Wanquan and Kangding counties 19 townships with a population of nearly170,000. The earthquake killed 49 people and injured 1 1439 people, of which 362 were seriously injured, accounting for 83.9% of the national total. Due to the unreasonable structure and site selection of local residents' houses, the building quality and seismic performance are not strong, and some houses have been dilapidated. Therefore, the house was seriously damaged, with the damaged area reaching more than 6.5 million square meters, of which 6.5438+0.754 million square meters were completely destroyed. The direct economic loss of the earthquake was as high as 794 million yuan, accounting for 44.6% of the total in that year. The direct economic loss of Gaotian Town, Datong, Shanxi, which is adjacent to the county, also reached 5.879 million yuan. After the earthquake, the government and all parties invested 836 million yuan in disaster relief. (Data Center of China Academy of Sciences)
Dayao earthquake in Yunnan (an earthquake of magnitude 6.2 occurred on July 2, 20031day)
The epicenter was located about100km northeast of Dali and 0/80km away from Kunming/kloc-0. Dali and Kunming have a strong earthquake, which lasts for about half a minute.
Chifeng earthquake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (an earthquake of magnitude 6. 1 occurred on August 6, 2003)
Beijing time 18: 58, north latitude 44 degrees 54 minutes, east longitude 1 18 degrees 22 minutes, an earthquake of magnitude 6. 1 occurred. The epicentres are located in Xiwuzhumuqin Banner of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Balinzuoqi and Arukerqin Banner in Chifeng City.
Dayao earthquake in Yunnan (an earthquake of magnitude 6. 1 occurred on June 65438+/October 6, 2003)
On the night of 16, a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6. 1 occurred in Dayao County, Wei Chu, Yunnan. The earthquake occurred at 20: 28 Beijing time1October 16, and the epicenter was outside Liu Ju Town, Dayao County.
Minle earthquake in Gansu province (an earthquake of magnitude 6. 1 occurred on October 25th, 2003).
Earthquakes of magnitude 6. 1 and magnitude 5.8 occurred between Minle County and Shandan County in Zhangye City, Gansu Province, and the epicentres were located at 38.4 degrees north latitude, 38.4 degrees north latitude, and 38.4 degrees east longitude1kloc-0/degree respectively.
The Yili earthquake in Xinjiang (an earthquake of magnitude 6. 1 occurred in February 2003).
Gedengzhuang, 60 kilometers west of Zhaosu County, is the epicenter of the earthquake, where the employees and their families of the 76th Regiment 1 1 of the Fourth Agricultural Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps live. Qian Cunbin, head of the 76th regiment, told the reporter with heartache that all the casualties came from 1 1 company. It is reported that 1 1 company has 324 households living here, including 282 affected households; Company employees and their families 1226, including earthquake victims 1067. The earthquake caused 10 deaths, and some 1 people were counted repeatedly in the previously reported "1deaths". The earthquake also injured 47 people, 23 of whom were seriously injured.
Yunnan Ludian earthquake (M = 5.6 earthquake occurred on August 10, 2004)
On the night of August 10, 2004, an earthquake measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale occurred in Ludian County and Zhaoyang District of Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, killing at least 4 people and injuring 594 others.
Jiujiang earthquake in Jiangxi province (2005+0 1.26 5.7 earthquake)
At 8: 49 on June 26, 2005, an earthquake of magnitude 5.7 occurred in Ruichang, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, and the aftershocks spread to Nanchang and other places. At least 13 people were killed, more than 8,000 people were injured, and18,000 houses collapsed.
Heilongjiang earthquake (an earthquake of magnitude 5. 1 occurred on July 25, 2005)
At 23: 43 on July 25th, 2005, an earthquake of magnitude 5. 1 occurred in Lindian County, Heilongjiang Province, with the focal distance of 10 km from the ground. At least 1 person was killed, 12 people were injured, and 1 136 houses were damaged to varying degrees.
Wen 'an Earthquake in Hebei Province (M = 5. 1 earthquake occurred on July 4, 2006)
On the 4th 1 1: 56, an earthquake of magnitude 5. 1 occurred in Wen 'an County, Hebei Province, and was felt in parts of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Shanxi.
Yanjin earthquake (an earthquake of magnitude 5. 1 occurred on July 22nd, 2006).
On July 22nd, 2006, at 9: 00 am 10: 2 1 s, a strong earthquake of magnitude 5. 1 occurred in Yanjin County, Zhaotong City, northeast Yunnan. The earthquake killed at least 22 people, 100 people were injured, and the railway was interrupted.
Yanjin earthquake (an earthquake of magnitude 5. 1 occurred on August 25th, 2006).
On August 25th, 2006 13: 5 1, another earthquake of magnitude 5. 1 occurred in Yanjin County, Yunnan Province. At least 1 person was killed, 3 1 person was injured, a large number of houses and many infrastructures were damaged to varying degrees, and 3 1.7 million people were affected.
Yunnan Pu 'er Earthquake (6.4 earthquake occurred on June 3, 2007)
On June 3, 2007 at 5: 00 am, an earthquake of magnitude 6.4 occurred in Pu 'er County, Yunnan Province, with the epicenter in the old town of Ninger County. The earthquake killed at least 3 people, injured 562 people, and affected more than one million people, resulting in a direct economic loss of 2.5 billion yuan.