The Qing Dynasty unified the territory, the northern part of which was called Hui Department and the southern part was called Zhunbu Department, collectively called Jiang Hui, and established Ili General.
In the 10th year of Guangxu (1884), the Qing Dynasty officially established a province in Xinjiang, and renamed the western regions as "Xinjiang", which means "returning home".
Xinjiang, located in the northwest border of China and the hinterland of Eurasia, has been an inseparable part of China since ancient times.
It is an important passage of the ancient Silk Road.
In BC 138, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, and the Western Han regime established contact with the city-states in the Western Regions.
In 60 BC, the Western Han regime established the Western Regions' Capital Protection House in Leo (present-day luntai county), and the Western Regions were formally incorporated into the territory of the Han Dynasty.
In the late Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the western regions were renamed Xinjiang, and in 1884, Xinjiang Province was formally established, with Dihua (now Urumqi) as its capital.
1949 Xinjiang was peacefully liberated, 1955+00+0 Xinjiang * * Er Autonomous Region was established, with Urumqi as its capital (Mongolian means beautiful pasture).
Xinjiang has been a multi-ethnic and multi-religious area since ancient times. Since the Western Han Dynasty, it has become an inseparable part of China's unified multi-ethnic country.
Since the founding of New China, the social outlook of Xinjiang has undergone earth-shaking changes.
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The historical development of Xinjiang for more than two thousand years presents some characteristics and laws, which are worth summarizing and learning from.
Politically, Xinjiang has been under the jurisdiction of the central dynasty since the Western Han Dynasty established the Western Regions' Capital Protection House in Xinjiang. Although each dynasty governed the western regions in different ways, the general trend was that the central dynasty deepened its management of Xinjiang.
1884, the Qing dynasty established a province in Xinjiang, completing the integration process with other parts of China.
Judging from the ethnic distribution and ethnic relations, Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic community, which is the result of the long-term integration and development of many ethnic groups in history.
In the process of the development and evolution of the multi-ethnic settlement pattern in Xinjiang, good communication between ethnic groups is the mainstream of ethnic relations in Xinjiang. At the same time, there are wars and conflicts among ethnic groups, which is a special form of ethnic communication in class society.
In modern times, in the struggle against foreign aggression, the national concept of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang has been further sublimated, and the concept of becoming a member of the Chinese nation has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Religiously speaking, Xinjiang has always been a region where many religions coexist, and * * * religion has never been the only religion in Xinjiang. Its spread in Xinjiang is the product of a specific historical period. Historical experience shows that the separation of church and state is the basis for maintaining stability in Xinjiang.
Culturally speaking, Xinjiang culture is composed of many distinctive national cultures. The harmonious coexistence and mutual recognition of different national cultures is not only the need of the overall development of Xinjiang culture, but also the premise and foundation of enhancing the political identity of all ethnic groups.
Judging from the historical orientation of the frontier defense policy of electric reclamation, it is an important content of the frontier defense policy of past dynasties, which is not only conducive to ensuring the consolidation and stability of the frontier, but also conducive to promoting the economic and social development of Xinjiang.
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Looking back at the history of Xinjiang, especially the process of effective governance of Xinjiang by successive dynasties, although due to the influence of power and other factors, the jurisdiction of each dynasty over the western regions, including today's Xinjiang, is different, but the overall development trend is that the central dynasty continues to deepen the management of Xinjiang.
The links between Xinjiang and the mainland are constantly strengthened, which also forms that Xinjiang is an inseparable and important part of our territory.
Archaeological data and documents show that the Western Regions had a close relationship with the Central Plains a long time ago. The Xiongnu, who rose in the northern grassland area of China during the Qin and Han Dynasties, began to bring the Western Regions into their own jurisdiction and set up servants and commanders to manage them.
In 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Capital Protection House, and the vast western regions were brought under the direct jurisdiction of the central dynasty.
From the Western Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the governance of Xinjiang by successive dynasties experienced four different stages of development: supervision (from the Western Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty), Jimi governance (from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty), military government governance (from the unification of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty to 1884) and provincial governance (after 1884), which not only reflected the multi-ethnic unity in China,
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