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The Historical Evolution of Shandong University
Shandong University is a well-known comprehensive university with a long history in China and one of the national key institutions of higher learning directly under the Ministry of Education. Its predecessor was 190 1, the official Shandong University Hall founded in Jinan in the 27th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty. Since its establishment, Shandong University has experienced two historical stages: semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and socialist society, from the late Qing Dynasty to People's Republic of China (PRC). During the period, it was renamed many times, and there were many changes such as closure, reconstruction, joint school and relocation. It has absorbed various universities in different periods and divided into more than ten institutions of higher learning.

190 1 year, Yuan Shikai, the governor of Shandong Province, invited the draft provisional articles of association of the pilot university hall in Shandong Province, and at the same time transferred Li Yukai, the magistrate of Penglai, to make preparations. In 65438+ 10, the manuscript was passed, and Shandong University Hall was formally established in Jinan Luoyuan College. Zhou is the general manager (person in charge). The first batch of 300 students were enrolled and divided into specialized fasting, regular fasting, preparation fasting and supervised fasting classes. Hired more than 50 Chinese and western teachers, and later increased to more than 1 10, with Hirsch as the chief teacher. In addition to the subset of classics and history, there are more than 20 courses such as social science, natural science and foreign languages. The academic system was three years at first, and then changed to four years.

1903, Teachers College was established from Shandong University Hall and became an independent normal college, which was also the predecessor of Shandong Normal University. 1904, the school moved to the new site of Ganshiqiao in Jinan and changed to Shandong Higher Education College.

19 1 1 was renamed Shandong university. Fang Yannian, Chen Entao, Xiao Yingchun, Chen Qinghe, Zhou Xueyuan, Wei Yerui, She, Li, Fan Zhijie, Ding successively served as principals.

1911April 17, cheeloo university medical college was formally established.

19 12, the national government implemented the national system of setting up university districts, setting up universities in central cities of all districts and setting up specialized schools in all provinces. Shandong belongs to the central city of Beijing. According to the regulations, the University Hall should be cancelled because it will be closed to 19 14. Teachers and students were transferred to six specialized schools in law and politics, industry, agriculture, commerce, mining and medicine. Principal Ding succeeded the principal of the commercial school, and the school building was used by the legal and political school. Since the establishment of Shandong University Hall 14 years ago, * * * has trained 770 graduates and sent 59 students to study in Europe, America and Japan. Among them, Xu Jingxin, Zhang and others went to Japan to attend the League, and were appointed as the leaders of the Shandong League by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Shandong University Hall is the first government-run institution of higher learning in Shandong Province and the starting point of the history of Shandong University.

1906 The Law and Politics School was established in Huanghua Pavilion, Jinan, and another law and politics school was established in the following year, which was called the first and second law and politics schools. 19 13 merged into Shandong Institute of Public Politics and Law. 1907, Shandong Governor Yang, Yang and Yang established Shandong Higher Agricultural School in Quanfuzhuang, Dongguan, Jinan, and took 5,000 mu of land in the southern suburbs of Qianfo Mountain and the northern foot of Maanshan as school forest farms. 19 13 was renamed as Shandong Public Agricultural College. 19 12, Ye Chunyong, a student studying in Japan, requested permission to open a business school in Nanguan, Jinan, which was later named Shandong Public Business School. 19 12. Qingzhou Gaomi Secondary Technical School merged with Jinan Technical School and then merged into Shandong No.1 Middle School. The following year, Shandong public industrial school was established in Shangzhitang school building. 19 15 set up a medical workshop in Shandong province. 19 16 was renamed Shandong medical college. The school is located in Baihe Village, Beiyuan, Jinan. 1920 was officially named Shandong public medical college. 1920 Mining Institute was expanded into Shandong Public Mining College, located in Dongguan, Jinan. The courses of the above six colleges are all modern social sciences and natural sciences, and most of the teachers are European, American and Japanese students. Generally, the academic system is three years, the medical course is four years, and more than 4,000 students graduate in more than ten years. In the development history of Shandong University, these six colleges have played a connecting role.

From 65438 to 0923, the School of Medicine of cheeloo University began to recruit boys.

1In August, 924, the private Qingdao University was formally established, and its president was Hong. Engineering and business courses are offered for four years. Students who pass the exam after completing the course will be awarded a bachelor's degree. In addition to China, there are overseas Chinese in Nanyang and Korean students. Luo Ronghuan, Peng and other revolutionary activists are all students of this school. The school board hired Liang Qichao, Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Boling, Huang Yanpei and other academic celebrities as honorary directors. The Bismarck Barracks built by Germans in Qingdao was chosen as the school site. 1925, Zhifu war resumed, the direct warlords failed, Gao abdicated, and the school was on the verge of bankruptcy. The school board elected Song Chuandian, Speaker of Shandong Province, as the principal, and barely maintained it. 1928 After the Northern Expeditionary Army arrived in Shandong, it fled in defeat, the school funds were gradually cut off and closed, and students were treated as college graduates. 1928 In August, the Ministry of Education of Nanjing National Government, according to the report of Shandong Provincial Department of Education, ordered the establishment of National Shandong University on the basis of the provincial Shandong University. He Siyuan, Wei Zongjin, Chen, Wang, Peng Baichuan, Yang Lianggong, Yang Zhensheng,,, etc. 1 1 people formed the National Preparatory Committee of Shandong University to start the preparatory work. In the preparatory process, Mr. Cai Yuanpei advocated that the National Shandong University be located in Qingdao, and obtained the consent of Minister of Education Jiang Menglin. 1June, 929, the Preparatory Committee of National Shandong University was ordered to be changed to the Preparatory Committee of National Qingdao University. In addition to receiving the provincial Shandong University, the private Qingdao University is used to build the national Qingdao University.

1930 In April, the Kuomintang government appointed Yang Zhensheng as the president, and the opening ceremony was held on September 2 1 day, and the National Qingdao University was formally established. At the beginning of the school, there were three colleges of arts and sciences, which were divided into eight departments: China Literature Department, Foreign Literature Department, Mathematics Department, Physics Department, Chemistry Department, Biology Department, Education Administration Department and Rural Education Department. 1932 In September, the College of Education was closed, and most students were transferred to the College of Education of National Central University. At the same time, two colleges of industry and agriculture were added. The Institute of Technology has a Civil Engineering Department and a department of mechanical engineering. Agricultural College is located in Jinan and has two departments: research and extension. Soon, the two colleges of arts and sciences merged into the College of Arts and Sciences. The school has a school affairs meeting, which is composed of the president, the provost, the secretary-general, the deans of various colleges, the department heads and professor representatives, and is responsible for deciding all major issues. President Yang Zhensheng is progressive and far-sighted. He followed the policy of "inclusiveness" and "scientific democracy" of Peking University, and hired many experts and scholars such as Wen Yiduo, Huang Jingsi, Huang, Ren Zhigong, Fu Ying, Shen Congwen, Liang Shiqiu, Wen You, You Guoen, Zeng Sheng and Tang Tenghan. 1932, the executive yuan decided to change the national Qingdao university into the national Shandong university and appointed Zhao taimou (Zhao Qi) as the president. Zhao Taimou, former president of National Qingdao University, agreed with Yang Zhensheng's school-running policy. After taking over, we hired a group of experts and scholars such as Lao She, Hong Shen, Zhang Xu, Ding Shan, Wang, Tong Dizhou and Zeng Chengkui, and the teaching camp became more orderly. At the same time, administrative expenses were reduced, books and instruments were purchased, and science museums, engineering museums, gymnasiums, chemistry museums, hydraulic laboratories and practice factories were built one after another, which improved the conditions for running schools. During this period, due to the relatively stable external environment, campus talents are abundant, celebrities come forth in large numbers, teachers and students are diligent in teaching, and their achievements are well-known, making them a well-known institution of higher learning in China. National Shandong University implements the "academic year credit system", which lasts for four years, and students are awarded bachelor's degrees after graduation. The school has successively established academic journals such as Science Series, Literature and History Series, Li Xue and Diao Dou.

1932 In August, Shandong Provincial Medical College was formally established. The school is located in Qian Jie, Baotu Spring, Jinan City, with an area of 2 12.84 mu and 564 houses. The academic system is 5 years (later changed to 4 years), and the curriculum is set with reference to the revised Regulations on Junior Colleges promulgated by Nanjing National Government. There is an affiliated hospital on the side wall of the school.

1937, July 7th Incident broke out in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 165438+ 10 National Shandong University moved from Qingdao to Anqing, Anhui Province, and soon moved to Wanxian County, Sichuan Province. Books, instruments and files were shipped out in batches, resulting in serious losses. 1938 Spring, Wanxian School resumed classes, and soon the Ministry of Education ordered "temporary suspension of classes". Teachers and students were transferred to National Central University, and books, instruments and machinery were temporarily handed over to National Central Library, National Central University and National Central Industrial Vocational School for safekeeping and use.

1944, Central China Bureau decided to establish huazhong architecture University on the basis of Central China Party School. The school is located in Xinpu, Laichi County, Jiangsu-Anhui Border Region, and its principal is Peng Kang, Propaganda Minister of Central China Bureau. There are three departments of civil affairs, finance, literature and art and a Gao Qian class.

19441June 16, the new fourth army military medical school was established with the approval of the military department, with Jiang Shangfeng (Bing Yan) as the principal and Gong Naiquan (Deputy Minister of Health of the New Fourth Army) as the vice principal.

On May 4th, 1945, huazhong architecture University officially opened. In August, the first batch of students graduated and the school moved to Qingjiang City. At the beginning of 1946, President Peng Kang led some cadres, teachers and students northward and merged into Linyi Shandong University. The president of huazhong architecture University was succeeded by Li Yanong, and famous people in the liberated areas, such as He, Li,, Dai, Sun, Fan Changjiang, Zhu Weiji, Li Binghong, Huang Yuan and Tao Guanyun, all worked and taught in the school. The school is planned as a regular university, with six colleges and preparatory courses in engineering, agriculture, literature, medicine, normal education and social science. 1In August, 945, Shandong Anti-Japanese People's Government established Shandong University in Linyi, the capital of the Liberated Area (in order to distinguish it from the National Shandong University, it was called Linyi Shandong University), with Li Chengzhi and Tian Peizhi as the principal and vice-principal. Set up a preparatory department to recruit educated youth and carry out ideological and political education. At the beginning of 1946, Peng Kang, president of huazhong architecture University, led more than 400 teachers and students northward and merged into Linyi Shandong University. Enriched the teaching staff, expanded the scale of running a school, set up four departments of politics, economics, teaching and literature, and turned to professional-oriented learning. He Feng, Xue Muqiao, Li Zhongrong, Wang Shuming, Sun, Liu, Song Richang, Shang Yue, Song Zhide and other famous figures in the education field in the Liberated Area have all taught in this school.

1946 spring, approved by the Ministry of Education of the National Government. National Shandong University resumed its studies in Qingdao, and Zhao Taimou became the president again. There are five departments of literature, science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, including China literature, history, foreign literature, mathematics, physics, chemistry, zoology, botany, geology and mineralogy, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, agronomy, horticulture and aquatic products. Department of Medical College 15, a university attached to the middle school. The length of study of students in each college is four years, including five years in engineering college and six years in medical college, and the academic system, compulsory system and elective system are implemented respectively. The opening ceremony was held on1October 25th, 1946. Famous scholars, such as Lu Kanru, Feng, Huang Xiaoshu, Ding Shan, Zhao, Yang Xiangkui, Xiao Difei, Ding Xilin, Yang Zhao, Tong Dizhou, Zeng Chengkui, Wang Shu, Wang Hengshou, Liu Zunxian, Zhu Shuping, Yan, Yang, Zheng Chengkun, Li Shiwei, Shen Fupeng, etc. came to teach in our school successively. 1June 2, 949, Qingdao was liberated, and Luo and Gao led the military management team to take over the school and rectify the school.

1In the summer of 948, East China Bureau decided to set up East China University in Weixian based on some left-behind staff of former Linyi Shandong University in Bohai area, and concentrated some original teachers, together with some cadres and teachers of huazhong architecture University, to start school on September 4 of the same year. The principal is, and the vice principals are Zhang Bochuan and Li. After the liberation of Jinan, it moved to Jinan in June 5438 +065438+ 10. After the relocation, three colleges of literature, social science and education and a research department were established. Run another middle school attached to it. 1949 In May, Wei Yun was transferred as the vice mayor of Shanghai, and Peng Kang took over as the principal, and the school was transformed into an ordinary university. 1 1 June, 2008, was appointed by the College of Education and later became Shandong Normal University. Tian Peizhi, former dean of the School of Education of East China University, and Yu Xiu, dean of East China University, respectively served as the first and second middle schools affiliated to the dean and handed them over to the leaders of Jinan City, and changed them into experimental middle schools.

1948 August 18, Shandong Provincial Medical College was renamed Shandong Provincial Medical College. The dean is Wang Baoying, the dean of the provincial hospital. After the liberation of Jinan, it was taken over by the Military Management Committee and merged with East China bethune medical school in 165438+ 10, and was named East China bethune medical school.

1949 July to 10 July, the first engineering college in Shandong Province-Shandong Provincial Institute of Technology was founded in New China. With the adjustment and concentration of teachers and equipment in various departments, including East China Jiaotong University, Xuzhou Branch of East China Jiaotong University, East China Advanced Industrial School, Qingdao Advanced Industrial School of Shandong Provincial People's Government, and Jinan Industrial School of East China Finance Office.

1947 65438+ 10, according to the instruction of Chen Yi, commander of the East China Field Army, in memory of Comrade Bethune, the military medical school was renamed East China bethune medical school, with Vice Minister Gong Naiquan as the dean. In September, 1948, the school moved to Jinan and settled in Weijiu Road, Jason Wu Road. In October, 1948, it merged with Shandong Provincial Medical College.

1950 after the national conference on education, the school was reorganized into five departments: politics, literature, history and geography, art and Russian, and transferred to formal business study. /kloc-in the winter of 0/950, he was ordered to move to Qingdao and merged with Shandong University on 195 1. Huazhong architecture University, Linyi Shandong University and East China University are all political universities and all have short-term training courses. In the war-torn era, they trained nearly 10,000 cadres for the country and made positive contributions to the revolutionary war and construction. 1951March, Shandong University and East China University merged and were still named Shandong University. The school is headed by Hua Gang as the principal and secretary of the Party Committee, with Tong Dizhou and Lu Kanru as the vice-principals. There are five colleges of literature, science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, which are divided into China literature, history, foreign literature, mathematics, physics, chemistry, zoology, botany, geology and mineralogy, aquatic products, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, agronomy, horticulture, pests and diseases, and political science. Among them, politics and art are two direct departments. The school actively implements the party's educational policy, promotes teaching reform and vigorously carries out scientific research. 195 1 year, the journal of literature, history and philosophy and journal of Shandong university were founded, which opened up a scientific garden and promoted academic contention. Since then, Shandong University has entered a new stage of academic prosperity.

1951June 13, Shandong Provincial Institute of Technology was upgraded and renamed Shandong Institute of Technology.

1952 summer national college transfers. According to the plan of the Central Education Commission on the adjustment of colleges and universities, Shandong University has the following departments: (1) Department of Politics, and moved to Jinan to form Shandong Political School (now the Party School of Shandong Provincial Party Committee). (2) The Drama Troupe of Art Department moved to Shanghai and merged with Shanghai Theatre Academy to form East China Branch of Central Theatre Academy (now Shanghai Theatre Academy). (3) The Music and Fine Arts Department of the Art Department moved to Wuxi and merged with Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts and Suzhou Academy of Fine Arts to form East China Art Institute (now Nanjing Art Institute). (4) The Institute of Technology and the Department of Civil Textile merged with the former Shandong Institute of Technology to form Qingdao Institute of Technology, and then moved to Wuhan to merge with relevant departments to form Wuhan Institute of Surveying and Mapping (now Institute of Surveying and Mapping). (5) The Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of the Institute of Technology moved to Jinan and transferred to the former Shandong Institute of Technology to form a new Shandong Institute of Technology. (6) The three departments of agronomy, horticulture and plant diseases and insect pests moved to Jinan and merged with the former Shandong Agricultural College to form a new Shandong Agricultural College (now Shandong Agricultural University). (7) Medical College 1956 became independent and expanded into Qingdao Medical College. (8) The Department of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Faculty of Science moved to Changchun, and merged with the departments of related universities to form Changchun Geological College. (9) 1954, the Ministry of Education planned to change the layout of colleges and universities, and instructed Shandong University to build a new university in Zhengzhou, and Shandong University supported the faculty, which is now Zhengzhou University. (10) When moving to Jinan, the department that stayed in Qingdao independently established Shandong Ocean University (now China Ocean University).

1952 In September, cheeloo university was revoked by the Adjustment Committee of Universities in East China, and its medical college merged with the former Shandong Medical College to form a new Shandong Medical College, located in the former cheeloo university campus.

In the adjustment of departments, Shandong University has set up ten institutions of higher learning, abolished the first-level institutions, retained eight departments of Chinese, history, foreign languages, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and aquatic products, added the department of oceanography, and established two research institutes of literature and history and marine physics, thus becoming a comprehensive university directly under the Ministry of Education. Chinese and history majors began to recruit graduate students, and also accepted international students from North Korea, Vietnam, the Soviet Union and other countries. The influence of this school has spread abroad. 1955, Hua Gang was framed and resigned. Later, Tong Dizhou was transferred to China Academy of Sciences. 1In July, 956, Chao Zhefu, Vice Governor of Shandong Province, became president and secretary of the Party Committee. 1957 teachers and students of foreign languages department entered Shanghai International Studies University, and the foreign languages department was cancelled. 1958, Tetsuo of Xia Dynasty was transferred back to the province, and the State Council appointed Cheng as the school principal and party secretary.

1958 In July, Shandong University was led by Shandong Province, and in June of the same year, it was ordered to move to Jinan. The two departments of Chinese and history of liberal arts and the four departments of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology of science moved to Jinan, while the three departments of ocean, aquatic products and geology and minerals under construction stayed in Qingdao. During this period, according to the needs of scientific development and national construction, the Department of Foreign Languages was restored in the autumn of 1959, and the Department of Politics was re-established in 1960, and the Department of Atomic Energy and Electronics was established. The school has increased from six departments when it moved to politics, Chinese, history, foreign languages, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and atomic energy. Nine university-level laboratories have been established, including China Classical Literature, China Modern Literature, American Literature, China Ancient History, Differential Equation (Cybernetics), Magnetism, Crystals and Microbiology. There are eight majors for postgraduate training. There are three professional amateur universities, six professional correspondence classes, and 4,000 amateur and correspondence students are enrolled. At the same time, the training of foreign students has resumed. After the school moved, 1959 began to build new school buildings. 1966 Seven years before the Cultural Revolution, * * * built two teaching points of literature, history and chemistry, six student dormitories, three canteens, 13 staff dormitories and some auxiliary rooms with a total area of 50,000 square meters. Nine departments of the whole school live in two places, and all departments of the school and four departments of foreign languages, physics, electronics and biology still live in the original place, which is called the old school; The five departments of politics, Chinese, history, mathematics and chemistry moved to the new school building, which is called the new school. 196 1, the school returned to the leadership of the Ministry of Education, and the school developed into the social science field with the advantages of literature and history; In science, it highlighted the new characteristics of mathematics, magnetism, crystals and microorganisms in the 1960s, which laid a good foundation for the future development of the school. The Cultural Revolution began at 1966. In June, the campus of Shandong University was damaged and the whole institution was paralyzed. After 1967, there were more hills in the school. After a school seized power, it was renamed "Lu Xun University". It was not until 1970 that the name of Shandong University was restored. /kloc-in the summer of 0/970, the Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province divided Shandong University into three parts: the four departments of politics, Chinese, foreign languages and history moved south to Qufu and merged with Qufu Normal University, which was then called Shandong University; The biology department moved to Taian and merged into Shandong Agricultural College; The department of mathematics, physics, electronics, chemistry and optics (newly built) stayed in Jinan and established Shandong University of Science and Technology. When Premier Zhou Enlai learned of this situation during 1973' s illness, he immediately signed instructions to restore the original organizational system of Shandong University. At the beginning of 1974, Shandong University of Science and Technology was cancelled.

At the end of 1978, the State Council decided to implement a new leadership system for Shandong Medical College, which was jointly led by the Ministry of Health and Shandong Province, with the Ministry of Health as the main body.

1983 September19, Shandong Provincial People's Government agreed that Shandong Institute of Technology was renamed Shandong Institute of Technology.

1985 In May, the Ministry of Health decided to rename Shandong Medical College as Shandong Medical University.

From 65438 to 0997, Shandong University entered the construction sequence of "2 1 1 project".

In July 2000, Shandong University, Shandong Medical University and Shandong Polytechnic University merged to form a new Shandong University.

In February of 200 1 year, it entered the "985 Project" sequence.

On 20 15 10, Shandong university was identified as the first batch of "local legislative research service base" and accepted the awarding ceremony with Yantai university, Shandong University of Political Science and Law and other five institutions of higher learning.