The history of Xinhua Bookstore can be roughly divided into five stages: first, ten years in Yan 'an; Second, a decade of successful development; Third, start to put forward the socialist decade in an all-round way; Fourth, the decade of the "Cultural Revolution"; Five or ten years after the great turning point.
I. Ten Years of Yan 'an (1937- 1947)
1935 5438+00 In June, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China led the Red Army to reach northern Shaanxi after a long March of 25,000 miles. 1936, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China contributed to the peaceful settlement of the Xi Incident, and promoted the re-cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the United resistance against Japan. 1937 65438+ 10, the CPC Central Committee entered Yan 'an. In April, to meet the needs of the situation, Xinhua Bookstore was born in Yan 'an. By March 1947, the Kuomintang Hu Zongnan Army invaded, and the headquarters of Xinhua Bookstore was evacuated with the central authorities and stayed in Yan 'an for ten years. Over the past ten years, Xinhua Bookstore has grown from scratch, from the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region to the whole country, and has made contributions to winning the great victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation and promoting Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
Qingliangshan wanfodong branch
On the banks of Yanshui River, three mountains stand out: Baota shan, Phoenix Mountain and Liang Qingshan. On the side of Liang Qingshan near Yanshui River, there is a ten thousand Buddha cave, which has become a tourist attraction in Yan 'an today. This is the cradle of new China press and publication, the birthplace of Xinhua Bookstore, and the Qingliangshan Press and Publication Revolution Memorial Hall in Yan 'an is located here.
1937 65438+1October 13. The Party Central Committee moved from northern Shaanxi (now Zhidan County) to Yan 'an. In order to strengthen the Party's propaganda work, Zhang Wentian, General Secretary of the Party, and comrades Qin Bangxian and Kaifeng formed the Central Party Newspaper Committee, which is responsible for leading Xinhua News Agency, editing Liberation Weekly and publishing books. Liao Chengzhi is the secretary-general in charge of daily work, and Bing Xu succeeds him. The party newspaper Committee has a publishing section and a distribution section. Deputy chief of publishing department, chief of publishing department and branch secretary Tu, deputy chief Zang.
On April 24th, Liberation Weekly, the organ newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was founded, and the circulation department signed "Xinhua Bookstore in Yan 'an, Shaanxi Province" in Liberation, and changed its name to Xinhua Bookstore at the beginning of June 65438+ 10 in the same year.
Because the first day of Xinhua Bookstore (bureau) is1April 24, 937, which is the day it was established.
The Central Party Newspaper Committee began to be located outside the North Gate of Yan 'an. In order to guard against Japanese bombing, he moved to Wanfo Cave in Qingliang Mountain in July. The distribution department opened a sales department in a small cave underground of Wanfo Cave. This small cave is also the office of the distribution department and the bedroom of Tuhe. Setting a table at the door during the day can not only work, but also sell books. Retail books and periodicals are piled under the table, on the bed, in the corner, and there are books everywhere. The stacks are located in the small grottoes at the right rear of the main cave of Wanfo Cave, and there is a rugged mountain road between them and the shops. The collected books should be put into storage, and the books in the warehouse should be moved up and down one by one, and many trips should be made every day.
At that time, Xinhua Bookstore (Distribution Section of Party Newspaper Committee) had only seven staff members. Besides the section chief and deputy section chief, there is also a communication class (mainly responsible for packaging and transportation). Liu, the squad leader, is a soldier of the Central Red Army who came from the Long March, and two correspondents are soldiers of the Red Fourth Army. Yang is one of them. He was a colonel of China People's Liberation Army in 1950s. In addition, there are two comrades in charge of books and periodicals receiving and dispatching business, one is transferred from the Red Fourth Army and the other is the Red Army in northern Shaanxi. Comrades are often busy until eleven o'clock at night, but they still can't finish their work. Section chief Tu takes the lead almost every night. Under a blue oil lamp, I matched the books, tied them up and put them on my head ... The next day, I picked up the mails one by one across the Yanshui River, cobblestone as far as possible, and sent them to the post office in the city for mailing.
Commander-in-Chief Zhu De is very concerned about distribution. He used his rest time in the evening to walk into the dormitory of the distribution department several times to chat with his comrades and understand the situation, which encouraged everyone.
It is our duty to promote Marxism-Leninism.
1937, Xinhua Bookstore published more than 30 kinds of new books, mainly Marxism-Leninism series, except Jiefang Weekly. In order to expand publicity, five new book advertisements were published in Liberation Week. In order to facilitate contact with bookstores and readers all over the country, in July this year, the circulation department carved and launched a rectangular wooden stamp of Xinhua Bookstore. So 65438 published an eye-catching book advertisement in the No.1 18 issue of Liberation Weekly published on12, signed "Distribution Office: Shaanxi Yan 'an Xinhua Bookstore". This advertising bibliography includes an introduction to Leninism, Problems of Leninism, Two Strategies, Selected Works of Lenin, Volume 12, etc. Liberation Weekly changed its publishing unit "Xinhua Bookstore" to "Xinhua Bookstore" from the 2nd issue of 10 published on October 30th. Since then, the copyright pages of the first and second editions of Ma En's works and Mao Zedong's works published by Yan 'an Liberation Society have printed the words "General Sales: Xinhua Bookstore" or "Publisher: Xinhua Bookstore".
Author: Xinhuanet Xiaocao 2006-3-27 16: 15 reply to this speech.
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2 Data The history of Xinhua Bookstore
From the day it came out, Xinhua Bookstore took it as its responsibility to publicize Marxism-Leninism, the worst plan of Mao Zedong Thought and China. With the increase of the number and scope of Liberation Weekly and Marxism-Leninism series, the influence of Xinhua Bookstore soon spread to more than ten provinces and cities such as Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangsu and Shanghai. Her books and periodicals are like sharp steel knives, inserted into the enemy's heart; Like the seeds of revolution, spread all over the motherland. People need her, enemies and puppets are afraid of her. 1937 10 Zhou, director of education of Shaanxi Kuomintang, ordered the "seizure of Yan 'an Xinhua Bookstore and Liberation Weekly", and sent military police to forcibly close the distribution office of Liberation Weekly in An, and also searched and confiscated the publication in Sanyuan and An. Therefore, No.21issue of Liberation Weekly published on October 30, 65438 published an article "Protesting the ban of Liberation Weekly", which made a serious protest to the Angolan authorities and the highest authorities in Nanjing, and lodged the most indignant complaint to the anti-Japanese compatriots all over the country. The Nanjing office of the Eighth Route Army negotiated with the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee before "reconciliation".
Liang Qingshan is relatively remote. For the convenience of readers, Xinhua Bookstore opened a small salesroom in Yan 'an South Street during the period of 10. The address is in the south of Lida Party in Yan 'an now, in the east of Yan 'an prefectural party committee office, and under the cliff of the former government office in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region. The address of Xinhua Bookstore "Yan 'an South Street" published in No.21issue of Liberation magazine refers to this place.
1937 12. Xinhua Bookstore is located at the foot of Phoenix Mountain in Yan 'an. Now it has found a spacious house near the regional post office and department store, and then moved to the city. 1938165438+1On October 20th, Japanese planes bombed Yan 'an City for the first time. According to Gao Langting, mayor of Yan 'an City, in the article Memories of the First Bombing of Yan 'an City by Japanese Aircraft (Volume II of Yan 'an Literature and History Materials), "The most casualties in front of Xinhua Bookstore at the foot of Phoenix Mountain are government officials and students". Because it is Sunday, many people go to Xinhua Bookstore to buy books. After Yan 'an City was bombed, the salesroom moved back to Liang Qingshan, and the address was behind the present Jiefang Theater. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/938, Tu was transferred to Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, and Wang succeeded him as the section chief. At this time, the distribution business has been further developed. Zhang Wentian once praised him as the "king of distribution" of our party. After Wang was transferred, Xiang, who opened a knowledge bookstore underground in Tianjin, was appointed as the section chief. The distribution section chief at that time was actually the manager of Xinhua Bookstore.
1February, 939, the new China newspaper was changed from the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region government organ newspaper to the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China organ newspaper (Innovation No. ). Its distribution work was also handed over to Xinhua Bookstore by the Receiving and Dispatching Section of the Border Region Government.
1March, 939, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Notice on Establishing Distribution Department, demanding that "all distribution departments should be established from the central government to the county party committee". The task is to "publicize the party's publications, unify the leadership of the distribution organs, break the ban and blockade of the party's publications by die-hards in various places, and study the experience of various distribution." In April, Comrade Ren and Comrade Li Fuchun conveyed to the relevant cadres the decision of the central authorities to set up a central distribution department. It is emphasized that the task of establishing the distribution department is to spread the party's principles, policies, instructions and Marxist-Leninist theory to the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines and the areas under Kuomintang control through books, newspapers and periodicals, so as to expand the party's influence and develop the party's ranks. On May 17, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Publicity and Education Work", once again proposing: "Party committees at all levels should always pay attention to and check the party's distribution work. In addition to using all the possibilities of public offering, a secret offering within the party should be established immediately. The propaganda department should have close contact with the distribution department. "
1 in may, 939, Bing Xu was transferred from Yan' an, and the publishing and distribution departments in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China were merged into the newly established the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China publishing and distribution department in June1year (it was changed to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China publishing and distribution department in September of the same year). Li Fuchun is concurrently the minister, Wang Lin is the deputy minister, and Xiang is the director of the distribution department of the publishing and distribution department.
Young intellectuals from all over the country gathered in Yan 'an to resist Japan and save the nation, and universities such as Kangda, Shanbei College and Lu Xun Art College were expanding day by day. In order to better meet the needs of readers, Xinhua Bookstore published the Notice of Expanding Business and Relocation in Xinhua Daily on August 1939. The notice said: "Because the old site is not enough to apply, it is planned to move to the North Gate (the old site of Lu Yi) in the near future and open as usual. Readers from all walks of life are welcome to visit." Then, on the 22nd and 25th, Xinhua Daily advertised that "since September 1939 and 1 day, I have been working in the new address of Beiwai in this city".
Develop sales channels in the base areas behind enemy lines
On September 1 day, the new retail store outside Beimen officially opened. Comrade Mao Zedong wrote four characters for Xinhua Bookstore and sent his secretary Chai Mo to the bookstore. Zhu De, Zhang Wentian and other central leading comrades visited the store to congratulate them. After Xinhua Bookstore moved to its new location, it enriched its staff, expanded its organization, and set up distribution, procurement, warehousing services, mail order, shops and other departments, with Elvis Presley as its manager. Soon, Zhang Daowu succeeded to the throne. 1940 Yi Jiguang is the manager.
Author: Xinhuanet Xiaocao 2006-3-27 16: 15 reply to this speech.
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Information about the history of Xinhua Bookstore
In the early days, Liu Zhidan led the Red Army Revolution in northern Shaanxi, and Xingxian County in Shanxi along the Yellow River was also an integral part of the revolutionary base in northern Shaanxi. 1940 In March, with the assistance of the Central Publishing and Distribution Department, the CPC Northwest Party Committee established Xinhua Bookstore in Xing County, which was the first branch of Yan 'an Xinhua Bookstore, on the basis of the Eighth Route Army 120 Division's 358th Brigade Cultural Cooperative. In addition to promoting books and periodicals, it also undertook the task of transferring Yan 'an publications to North China and Central China. On the copyright pages of books published by 1940 Yan' an Liberation Society, such as Politics in China during the Anti-Japanese War and Reference Materials of Modern History in China, the words "Xinhua Bookstore: Yan' an is the head office, Xingxian and Licheng are branches" are printed. Licheng Xinhua Bookstore was established by Xinhua Daily North China Branch in Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region on September 1940.
1February, 940, the publishing and distribution department of the Communist Party of China sent the distribution director to Bao Shu and Xu Guangting, the chief of transportation, to establish distribution outlets in Suide area and the bases of Jinsui, Jinchaji and other places, and to communicate with Yan 'an Xinhua Bookstore. They have more than 60 boxes of books to be transported from Xingxian to Shanxi-Chaji, Jizhong and other base areas. At that time, He Long, the commander of the 120 division and Guan Xiangying, the political commissar stationed in Xingxian, sent a convoy of 30 mules and horses and a company of troops to break through the blockade of the puppet troops and escort them to their destination.
1940 September 10, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Developing Cultural Movements", requiring local party committees to "pay attention to organizing the distribution of newspapers, periodicals and books, have special transportation organs and transportation cover forces, and regard the transportation of cultural food as more important than the transportation of clothing and ammunition." On February 25th, 65438, Comrade Mao Zedong drafted "On Policy", an inner-party instruction for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, which once again emphasized that "all base areas should set up printing houses, publish books and newspapers, and organize the distribution of transportation organs". According to the instructions of these two documents, the party committees in the base areas behind enemy lines have successively established Xinhua Bookstore.
194 1 At the end of the year, the Central Publishing and Distribution Department was transformed into the Central Publishing Bureau, with Qin Bangxian as the director and Xu Zhizhen as the secretary-general. Xinhua Bookstore Corporation has actually become an integral part of the Publishing Bureau, with Yi Jiguang as the manager. The headquarters and the publishing bureau moved back to Liang Qingshan together.
On May 1942, the Central Bureau of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region established Xinhua Bookstore in the new market outside the south gate of Yan 'an. Since then, the head office of Xinhua Bookstore in Qingliangshan has focused its distribution work on the base areas behind enemy lines and the rear areas.
Characteristics of Yan' an distribution in that year
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the domestic situation was very complicated. Books should be distributed in different ways according to different situations. Yan' an Xinhua Bookstore Head Office has the following practices:
(1) Books, newspapers and periodicals reserved by various organs, organizations and schools in Yan 'an are delivered directly by bookstores.
(two) the needs of readers in the counties of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region are sent through the border communication station.
(3) The materials supplied to the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines were initially transshipped through Xingxian County. Later, due to the enemy's blockade, samples could only be reproduced in the base areas, or some books could be entrusted to comrades who went deep behind enemy lines.
(four) through the post office set up by the Kuomintang government in Yan 'an, to the Kuomintang military and political organs and cultural organizations in the Kuomintang-ruled areas.
(5) The offices set up by our Party and our army in the Kuomintang-controlled areas are also mailed from the post office or transported through our own military station.
(6) For our party's underground party organization located in the Kuomintang-controlled area, it is transmitted by underground transportation.
(7) The head office set up retail outlets outside the north gate of Yan 'an and Dongguan to sell books and periodicals. Since 1939, mail order service has been provided to readers in remote places, and a notice of mail order service was published in Xinhua Daily on September 13 of that year.
(8) The head office set up a Xinhua Bookstore transfer point in Xi 'an to cooperate with the Xi 'an Sales Department of Xinhua Daily. As long as there are military vehicles of the Eighth Route Army going to Ann, Ye, the head of the General Logistics Department, will call the bookstore. The bookstore loaded the prepared books and periodicals on military vehicles, transported them from Xi 'an to the rear office of the New Fourth Army in Zhugou Town, Queshan County, Henan Province, and then sent them to various detachments of the New Fourth Army.
(nine) to organize cooperatives, rural groups, individuals and vendors in all parts of the border area to sell books and periodicals on a commission basis. This book is 20% off and the foreign language version is 10% off. In that year's Liberation Daily, an advertisement "Welcome to sell books and periodicals on a commission basis" was published.
Xinhua Bookstore in the past three years
1940 165438+1October 14 Xinhua Daily, the organ newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, published "Three Years of Xinhua Bookstore" written by Ye Lin, which comprehensively summarized the period from 1937 to160. Undeniably, it has played its due role in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. It is loved by progressives and readers all over the country, but also hated and destroyed by a few die-hards. Its work reflects the development of China, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the United Front. Today, it has become one of the powerful fortresses of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's progressive culture ... The influence of Xinhua Bookstore is well known to the people all over the country, and its books and newspapers have been warmly welcomed by the youth all over the country. "
Author: Xinhuanet Xiaocao 2006-3-27 16: 15 reply to this speech.
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Information about the history of Xinhua Bookstore
The article said: "In the past three years, we have published more than 30 kinds of books published by Jiefang Society/KLOC-0, more than 30 kinds of books published by other publishing institutions, and many newspapers such as Xinhua Daily and People's Daily, as well as Liberation, Military and Political Magazine, China Culture, China Workers, China Youth, China Women, and so on. A total of no less than 500,000 books and millions of magazines and newspapers published in Yan 'an were issued. However, introducing Yan 'an publications to the outside world is only one aspect of our work. The development of the objective situation requires us to introduce external publications into the frontier. ...... At present, there are more than 300 kinds of books, more than 40 kinds of magazines, more than 20 kinds of newspapers (including subscriptions) published by major domestic publishing institutions and Soviet foreign work, and 0/4 kinds of foreign books, periodicals and newspapers. "
The article said: "What has greatly damaged our work is the illegal looting by diehards. If we open the book where friction comes from, which is not allowed to be published, we can know that this kind of action by the die-hards is part of their anti-communist conspiracy, especially in this respect, the die-hards have shown the greatest madness! "
"Also in 1937 1 1 month, the diehards first confiscated Xi 'an's Liberation Newspaper, the publishing office of Xi 'an's Liberation Newspaper was closed down twice, and more than 20,000 copies and hundreds of copies of Liberation Newspaper were taken away. Subsequently, this atrocity spread to traffic jams, and diehards set up special personnel in Xi 'an Post Office to check books and newspapers. Books and newspapers sent from Yan 'an to all parts of the country will be confiscated, without asking indiscriminately. The number of books, periodicals and newspapers confiscated in the last three years is really amazing. There are dozens of inspectors in Xi 'an Post Office alone. It was under the pressure of die-hards that they made such illegal acts that undermined the unity of the Anti-Japanese War. It became even more rampant after February 1939. Throughout the country, its outposts were blocked several times, from Xi 'an to Sanyuan and Xianyang, while Central China and Luochuan. Even openly inspected the cars of the 18 army and confiscated books and newspapers sent by the army to the front. Such atrocities occurred in the center and proper areas of the border region one after another. In order to avoid their own troubles, the die-hards in Xi 'an confiscated the books and newspapers that we sent to Xinjiang, not in Xi 'an, but in Lanzhou. This kind of action is obviously planned and organized. "
"The die-hards forced the post office to adopt the method of overstocking some books and newspapers. For example, when we receive books and newspapers from Chongqing, we don't collect them according to the publication date, but press them into a pile one by one and distribute them all at once. Xinhua Daily is an example. We received thousands of newspapers before June and July at one time, and one third of them were confiscated. For other progressive periodicals and newspapers, it is no exception, and it is also "equal" for subscribers and readers. On the surface, the die-hards concealed and did not confiscate it, but actually delayed the timeliness of the publication. "
"Threatening and hitting readers. In addition to the above despicable means, the die-hards also take measures to crack down on readers to stop our publishing work. We have received many letters from readers complaining about their sufferings due to reading Liberation and Xinhua, and some of them have been warned, dismissed or even imprisoned. This behavior of die-hards is totally illegal and violates the provisions on protecting freedom of speech and publication in the Anti-Japanese War Program. This is one of a set of anti-communist measures. In fact, it helped the Japanese aggressors and traitors to block the publication and distribution of China's progress in the Anti-Japanese War and prohibited the freedom of publication and distribution of Japanese aggressors' anti-Japanese democracy. It is a criminal act that is absolutely harmful to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the nation, and is resolutely opposed by the people and progressives all over the country. "
Finally, the article says: "Although we have suffered so much damage from the die-hards, we will continue to work hard in the future, use all our strength to break through the difficulties, expand our publishing and distribution network to the whole country, and transport more progressive publications outside the border area to the border area to meet the needs of readers in the border area."
Ming Xiu plank road secretly crossed Chencang.
In order to crack down on the evil behavior of the Kuomintang die-hards in censoring and seizing Yan 'an publications, Xinhua Bookstore adopted a tit-for-tat strategy of "building a plank road and crossing the old warehouse in secret". In other words, on the one hand, it will continue to mail from the Kuomintang post office, and the number will not decrease, and it will be registered mail. In this way, it can not only confuse spies, but also obtain evidence that Xi post office must explain registered printed matter according to regulations. This is the "Ming Xiu plank road". On the other hand, another way to "sneak in". A large number of books and newspapers sent by Xinhua Bookstore to Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other Kuomintang-ruled areas are forwarded through the distribution station in Longdong or transported by underground transportation lines.
During the period of 1944, a delegation of northwest Chinese and foreign journalists came to Yan 'an, and Qin Bangxian, president of Liberation Daily and director of the Central Publishing Bureau, held a press conference in Qingliangshan. Deng Youde, head of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, made a wanton provocation at the meeting and asked Xinhua Bookstore why it didn't sell books published by the Kuomintang Zhong Zheng Bookstore. Qin Bangxian retorted on the spot and questioned why Zhong Zheng Bookstore didn't sell books published by Jiefang Society. It was further revealed: "You Zhongzheng Bookstore not only refused to sell the books published by Jiefang Society, but also illegally seized the books and periodicals issued by Xinhua Bookstore to the Kuomintang military and political organs and military and political dignitaries." Speaking of this, he took out a stack of notices from Xi City Post Office to detain printed matter and read aloud: On a certain day, a certain month, a certain year, the mail sent by your store to a certain place was detained by Xi 'an inspection organ. Deng Youde made a fool of himself in front of Chinese and foreign journalists, and slipped out of the meeting room amid ridicule.
Author: Xinhuanet Xiaocao 2006-3-27 16: 15 reply to this speech.
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Information about the history of Xinhua Bookstore
Although the Kuomintang inspection authorities illegally detained the mail sent by Xinhua Bookstore from the post office, the "secret crossing"-the books and periodicals sent to the Kuomintang-ruled areas were unimpeded and widely circulated.
1943, Chiang Kai-shek published the book "The Destiny of China" written by anti-Communists, which was widely circulated in Kuomintang areas. Yan 'an Liberation Daily published many articles criticizing this book, and the Central Publishing Bureau printed it into various pamphlets, disguised as popular novels and ballads, and sent it to the Kuomintang-ruled areas. In Chongqing Kuomintang Political School, some students borrowed "The Destiny of China" from the library, but the content was an article criticizing China's fate, and there was a speech criticizing Chiang Kai-shek's views in the lecture. The school authorities searched and searched, and the students who spoke had books as evidence, and the books were borrowed from the school library, which made the authorities feel helpless and ironic.
Yan 'an Xinhua Bookstore also wholesales books and periodicals to Xingxian Branch, Licheng Branch, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Bookstore and Suide Northwest Anti-Enemy Bookstore (Suide Special Committee Office of the Communist Party of China), and gradually communicates with distribution outlets in Jinsui, Jinchaji, Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan and other base areas.
Have enough food and clothing for yourself.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the economic and living conditions in Yan 'an were very difficult because of the blockade of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region by Kuomintang reactionaries. The life of bookstore staff is the same as that of institutions and schools in Yan' an, and the supply system is implemented. Each person will get two cents of oil, two cents of salt and twelve ounces of grain (seven and a half of the new scale) every day. The staple food is millet with a little flour. Although material life is hard, everyone is happy, enthusiastic and motivated. In the mass production movement, Comrade Xinhua Bookstore actively responded to the call of "from semi-self-sufficiency to complete self-sufficiency" put forward by the CPC Central Committee. 1940, grain output more than doubled, agricultural production was bumper 1924 yuan, industrial production profit 1444 yuan, vegetable production was bumper 1898 yuan, commercial profit was 3,400 yuan, and livestock production profit 1000 yuan. This year's production achievements,194112 Xinhua newspaper made a special report.
At that time, everyone was always concerned about the overall situation of the war of resistance against Japan and the victory at the front. 1In August, 940, the Eighth Route Army fought against Japanese aggression on various fronts in North China. In order to counter the cruel "mopping-up" of the Japanese army, a hundred regiments war was launched, which shocked China and foreign countries. By September, one step at a time, brilliant achievements have been made. All the comrades in Yan 'an Xinhua Bookstore wrote congratulatory letters to Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, Deputy Commander Peng and all the officers and men of the Eighth Route Army Hundred Regiments War in time. This letter was published in Xinhua Daily on10.3/0.940.
Leather clothing team in Yan' an street
During the Yan 'an period, the head office constantly paid attention to improving the distribution work in Yan 'an. At first, books, newspapers and periodicals ordered by various organs, organizations and schools in Yan 'an were collected by readers in bookstores after publication. From 1940 to September 1, Xinhua Bookstore sent people to deliver books to readers. Readers only need to register their names and the names of the books and newspapers they have ordered in the sending and receiving department of their own unit to receive and read. At that time, the delivery staff of Xinhua Bookstore, which was running all over the street, received extra care from the organization. In winter, they will get a cotton vest and a polished old white sheepskin jacket. They go in and out of the city office every day and deliver books, newspapers and magazines to their subscribers, which is very eye-catching. The earthquake was nicknamed "Leather Team". The fur coat team is an "infantry" who delivers newspapers and periodicals on their backs, while books are carried by donkeys and become "cavalry".
The leading organs of Yan 'an held a mass meeting, and the dealers of the head office also rushed to the meeting to cooperate with the supply of relevant books and periodicals. On July 7th, 1943, Yan 'an soldiers and civilians held a commemorative meeting for the sixth anniversary of the Anti-Japanese War in the Youth Culture Valley. He Long, commander of the joint defense in the Shansi-Suiyuan border region, came from afar to speak at the meeting to protest against the third anti-communist upsurge launched by the Kuomintang reactionaries. Xinhua Bookstore brought a large number of newly published complete sets of "Situation Map of Anti-Japanese Base Areas" to the venue for sale. Suddenly it began to rain, and the publishers took off their coats, wrapped the situation map in their arms and held a meeting in the rain with bare backs.
1946 1, Central Publishing Bureau was merged into Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China. Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China has a distribution department, which is headed by Xu Zhizhen. The distribution department is the original organization of Xinhua Bookstore Corporation. As always, it contacts business and publishes books in various base areas in the name of Xinhua Bookstore Corporation, and issues books to party committees at all levels in the name of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Distribution Section. The distribution department once asked Comrade Mao Zedong to write the name of Xinhua Bookstore Corporation by hand. The distribution class and the head office are actually a set of people and two brands. The office address is still in Liang Qingshan.
Xinhua Bookstore's headquarters in major strategic areas
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Chiang Kai-shek launched a full-scale civil war and attacked the liberated areas. In order to meet the needs of the war of liberation, Xinhua Bookstore was established in all liberated areas.
In some large units of the People's Liberation Army, there is also the Army Bookstore of Xinhua Bookstore. Commander Peng warmly praised the comrades for "taking the road of Chairman Mao" in the bookstore of the First Field Army.
Author: Xinhuanet Xiaocao 2006-3-27 16: 15 reply to this speech.
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6 Information The history of Xinhua Bookstore
With the victory of the Liberation War, the distribution outlets of Xinhua Bookstore in Northeast China, North China, East China and Central China (later changed to Central South) have been increasing, and the headquarters or general management offices of Xinhua Bookstore in major strategic locations have been established one after another. After the liberation of Chongqing, the Southwest Branch of Xinhua Bookstore was established.
1in March, 947, Hu Zongnan troops of the Kuomintang invaded Yan 'an, and our army made a strategic shift. Xinhua Bookstore in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region was incorporated into the People's Daily of the Border Region, and moved with the troops to engage in the distribution of books and newspapers in wartime. 1April, 948, our army recovered Yan 'an, and the border area expanded to the northwest liberated area. Xinhua Bookstore in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, under the leadership of the Propaganda Department of the Northwest Bureau, expanded into the Northwest Xinhua Bookstore and advanced into Yan 'an with the troops. The original Yan 'an Border Bookstore was changed to Yan 'an Branch of Northwest Xinhua Bookstore.
When our army withdrew from Yan 'an, the headquarters of Xinhua Bookstore moved to Wayaobao with the central government, and then moved to the Shansi-Suiyuan border region. In the environment of large-scale mobile warfare and guerrilla warfare, the head office stopped publishing and distribution business, and its personnel were transferred to various liberation and differentiation jobs one after another.
Xinhua Bookstore was established in April 1937 and left Yan 'an in March/0/947 for ten years. In the past ten years, we have expanded distribution outlets, trained cadres and distributed millions of revolutionary journals, which laid the foundation for the development of our cause.
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On April 24th, 1937, Xinhua Bookstore was established in Liang Qing, the revolutionary holy land of Yan 'an. For half a century, she grew up in the bonfire of anti-Japanese war and the smoke of liberation, and developed after the founding of New China. In the spring and autumn of 50 years, I talked about Xinhua, and 100,000 books were distributed all over China.
The history of Xinhua Bookstore can be roughly divided into five stages: first, ten years in Yan 'an; Second, a decade of successful development; Third, start to put forward the socialist decade in an all-round way; Fourth, the decade of the "Cultural Revolution"; Five or ten years after the great turning point.
I. Ten Years of Yan 'an (1937- 1947)
1935 5438+00 In June, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China led the Red Army to reach northern Shaanxi after a long March of 25,000 miles. 1936, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China contributed to the peaceful settlement of the Xi Incident, and promoted the re-cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the United resistance against Japan. 1937 65438+ 10, the CPC Central Committee entered Yan 'an. In April, to meet the needs of the situation, Xinhua Bookstore was born in Yan 'an. By March 1947, the Kuomintang Hu Zongnan Army invaded, and the headquarters of Xinhua Bookstore was evacuated with the central authorities and stayed in Yan 'an for ten years. Over the past ten years, Xinhua Bookstore has grown from scratch, from the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region to the whole country, and has made contributions to winning the great victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation and promoting Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
Qingliangshan wanfodong branch
On the banks of Yanshui River, three mountains stand out: Baota shan, Phoenix Mountain and Liang Qingshan. On the side of Liang Qingshan near Yanshui River, there is a ten thousand Buddha cave, which has become a tourist attraction in Yan 'an today. This is the cradle of new China press and publication, the birthplace of Xinhua Bookstore, and the Qingliangshan Press and Publication Revolution Memorial Hall in Yan 'an is located here.
1937 65438+1October 13. The Party Central Committee moved from northern Shaanxi (now Zhidan County) to Yan 'an. In order to strengthen the Party's propaganda work, Zhang Wentian, General Secretary of the Party, and comrades Qin Bangxian and Kaifeng formed the Central Party Newspaper Committee, which is responsible for leading Xinhua News Agency, editing Liberation Weekly and publishing books. Liao Chengzhi is the secretary-general in charge of daily work, and Bing Xu succeeds him. The party newspaper Committee has a publishing section and a distribution section. Deputy chief of publishing department, chief of publishing department and branch secretary Tu, deputy chief Zang.
On April 24th, Liberation Weekly, the organ newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was founded, and the circulation department signed "Xinhua Bookstore in Yan 'an, Shaanxi Province" in Liberation, and changed its name to Xinhua Bookstore at the beginning of June 65438+ 10 in the same year.
Because the first day of Xinhua Bookstore (bureau) is1April 24, 937, which is the day it was established.
The Central Party Newspaper Committee began to be located outside the North Gate of Yan 'an. In order to guard against Japanese bombing, he moved to Wanfo Cave in Qingliang Mountain in July. The distribution department opened a sales department in a small cave underground of Wanfo Cave. This small cave is also the office of the distribution department and the bedroom of Tuhe. Setting a table at the door during the day can not only work, but also sell books. Retail books and periodicals are piled under the table, on the bed, in the corner, and there are books everywhere. The stacks are located in the small grottoes at the right rear of the main cave of Wanfo Cave, and there is a rugged mountain road between them and the shops. The collected books should be put into storage, and the books in the warehouse should be moved up and down one by one, and many trips should be made every day.
At that time, Xinhua Bookstore (