Smallpox is a serious infectious disease caused by smallpox virus, and it is also the first infectious disease that has been eliminated by human beings in the world so far. It is reported that on June 5438+February 2 1 day, 2005, US President Bush took the lead in vaccinating against smallpox in order to prevent the attack of biological weapons. Because smallpox virus, like Bacillus anthracis, is very powerful as a biological weapon and is called "the nuclear bomb of the poor". In our country, smallpox was eradicated decades ago. Nowadays, not only do ordinary people know nothing about smallpox, but many doctors only know its name, but they can't see it. Let's briefly introduce the knowledge about smallpox. Smallpox virus smallpox is caused by pox virus infection, and there is no cure. The patient will leave a pockmarked face after recovery, hence the name "smallpox". The appearance of smallpox virus is brick, about 200 nm× 300 nm. Strong resistance, can resist drying and low temperature, and can survive on crusts, dust and clothes for several months to one and a half years. Smallpox virus is highly contagious. People who have never suffered from smallpox or have not been vaccinated against smallpox can be infected with smallpox regardless of sex and age, including newborns. Smallpox is mainly transmitted by inhalation of droplets or direct contact. When a person is infected with smallpox virus, there is an incubation period of about 10 days. After the incubation period, the patient is very ill, mostly accompanied by headache, backache, chills or chills. At the beginning of symptoms such as high fever, the body temperature can be as high as 465438 0℃. Accompanied by nausea, vomiting, constipation, insomnia and so on. Children often vomit and twitch. Three to five days after onset, the patient developed rashes on forehead, cheeks, wrists, arms, trunk and lower limbs. First it was a red rash, then it turned into a papule. After 2 ~ 3 days, the papules turn into herpes, and then from herpes to pustular herpes. 2 ~ 3 days after pustule formation, it gradually dries up and forms a thick scab. After about 1 month, the scab skin began to fall off, leaving scars, commonly known as "pockmarked". Patients with severe smallpox are often accompanied by complications, such as sepsis, osteomyelitis, encephalitis, meningitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis media, laryngitis, blindness, abortion, etc., which are the main causes of death from smallpox. Smallpox patients should be strictly isolated, and patients' clothes, quilts, utensils, excreta and secretions should be thoroughly disinfected. In addition to symptomatic treatment and supportive treatment, the key point is to prevent complications and keep the mouth, nose, pharynx and eyes clean. Vaccination against smallpox is the most effective way to prevent smallpox. Smallpox is one of the most infectious diseases in the world, and it is a severe infectious disease caused by smallpox virus. It can multiply rapidly and spread in the air at an alarming rate. Suppose 3000 people in Oklahoma are infected with smallpox virus, and the virus will spread to all parts of the United States within 12 days, affecting millions of people. The clinical manifestations of smallpox are mainly severe toxic blood symptoms (chills, high fever, fatigue, headache, soreness of limbs and back, convulsions and coma when the body temperature rises sharply), skin rashes, papules, herpes, pustules, and finally scabs, scabs and acne scars. Smallpox is fierce and developing rapidly, and the mortality rate is as high as 30% within 15~20 days after it infects non-immune people. Because smallpox virus can infect people, and vaccinia vaccine can effectively prevent smallpox infection for life, there has been no smallpox in the world since 1977. The latest scientific research has found that smallpox has a special ability to intercept the information transmitted by the immune system, thus making the immune system ineffective. Decided to leave some samples for research. 1979, 1979, 1979, 10/0 On 26th October, the United Nations World Health Organization announced that smallpox had been eradicated in Nairobi, Kenya, and held a celebration ceremony for this purpose. In recent two years, inspectors from the World Health Organization conducted a survey on the last four East African countries that have not yet declared smallpox eradication-Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and Djibouti, and found that these four countries have indeed eliminated the disease, so they released this historic news. Smallpox is one of the infectious diseases that seriously harm human beings in the world. Millions of people have been killed or disfigured for thousands of years. 180 years ago, Britain invented a vaccinia vaccine to prevent smallpox. The mortality rate of smallpox patients is still as high as one third. Later, developed countries gradually controlled the disease, but it is still prevalent in rural Africa. Since 1967, the last large-scale smallpox eradication campaign has been carried out. At present, smallpox virus is only preserved in seven laboratories in some countries for research. Studies by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, USA and the Russian National Center for Virology and Biotechnology in Colta found that 1 person died in every four smallpox patients, and the other three people left ugly acne scars. Smallpox is a terrible disease, which has existed almost since human history. Egyptian mummies preserved more than 0/000 years ago BC have smallpox-like pockmarks. According to legend, the once powerful Roman Empire was unable to contain smallpox because of its rampant spread, which led to the shrinking of its national prestige. For centuries, the widespread prevalence of smallpox has made people panic and tremble. 1846, smallpox suddenly became popular among Normans who came from the Seine River valley and invaded Paris, France. This made Norman leaders panic, and also stunned the fearless soldiers who had been fighting for war. In order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases from hurting themselves, the cruel leader took ruthless measures. He ordered the killing of all smallpox patients and all those who took care of them. This terrible means was considered to be the only feasible way to put out the smallpox epidemic at that time. However, smallpox will not tolerate anyone. It will also invade palaces and farmhouses without mercy. No nation or tribe, regardless of title, age or gender, can escape the attack of smallpox. There was once a king's wife in Europe. She had smallpox. Before she died, she asked her husband to grant her last wish. She demanded that all doctors should be put to death if they could not save her life. The queen finally died, so the king ordered all the doctors to be hacked to death with swords for the sake of the queen's wish. Geoffrey, a British historian, called smallpox "a loyal accomplice to death". He wrote: "The mortality rate of plague or other epidemics is high, but its occurrence is limited. In people's memory, it only happened once or twice here. However, smallpox has appeared among us one after another, and the long-term terror has made the sick people miserable. Some patients will always leave ugly acne marks on their faces even if they survive. People who are ill are not only covered with acne marks, but many people are even deaf, blind or infected with tuberculosis. "