The pioneer of dye industry in Britain and Germany is a student, Lian? Hoffman (18 12 ~ 1892). He had been a professor at the Institute of Chemistry in London for 17 years when the World Expo was held in 1862. Perkin is one of his students there. Hoffman was deeply impressed by the achievements of Britain's young tar dye industry and saw the development possibility of this promising industrial sector. He returned to Germany on 1864. At first in Bonn, and later in Berlin University, he conducted fruitful teaching and scientific research and became a great pioneer and leader of German dye industry.

/kloc-shortly after the middle of the 0/9th century, some enterprises in the tar dye industry appeared in Germany, which were small at first, but now they are in a leading position. These factories survived the difficulties in the initial growth stage and developed into influential enterprises after the establishment of the German Empire. Today, they have become one of the largest enterprises in Germany.

Among them, Friedrich-Bayer Dye Factory has the longest history. The factory was established in Elberfield in 1850. 189 1 year, has developed into a world-renowned manufacturer. Later, it set up a new factory in Leverkusen. Leverkusen is an industrial city with a population of 654.38+million today, and the Bayer factory is the center of the city. Due to the continuous development of the factory, the city was not really built until 1930. It is a merger of four towns. At the beginning of the 20th century, most business leaders were chemists.

186 1 The tar dye factory established in Mannheim developed into Baden aniline and soda ash factory in 1865. Founder Friedrich? Engelhorn founded a natural gas plant in Mannheim in 1848, which was later owned by Mannheim. His interest shifted from igniting gas to using coal tar, a by-product of gas. At that time, the industry discussed the possibility of various uses of coal tar, so it attached great importance to the research of coal tar from the beginning, thus promoting competition. Adolf Justus von Liebig's successor in Munich? Feng? 1880 analyzed the chemical composition of the most important natural dye indigo, which laid the foundation for the artificial production of indigo. Around the end of the 20th century, synthetic indigo was first produced in the factories of Baden aniline and soda. At that time, there were 6,000 employees in the factory, and the most famous dyes produced by the factory were alizarin, eosin and indanthrene.

During the last14 period of the 19 century and before the outbreak of the First World War, the tar dye industry in Germany was unprecedentedly prosperous. There is no need to import expensive plant dyes, and the natural dye industry has lost its significance in the national economy. In addition, German tar dyes have become an important export item. From 65438 to 0877, Germany accounted for half of the world's synthetic dye production. In the process of worldwide industrialization, the demand for German dye industrial products is increasing day by day.